LANGUAGE 



It has been estimated that more than twelve 

 hundred languages were spoken in the two 

 Americas. Tnese languages give evidence of 

 no continuously progressive type of culture. 

 The many tribes have changed their vocabu- 

 but the identical method of putting 

 words together has survived without change. 

 One striking characteristic is the frequency of 

 long words. This is well illustrated by the 

 Aztec word for letter-postage amatlocuihlit- 

 jititcatlaxtlahuilli, the literal meaning of which 

 is. "the payment received for carrying a paper 

 on which something is written." By compari- 

 son and classification of the countless dialects 

 and languages, they are reduced .to a few great 

 groups: the Tumen group covers the northern 

 part of the Rocky Mountains; the Aztec group 

 seat in Central Mexico and Central Amer- 

 ica; the Maya group has its seat in Central 

 America and Yucatan; the Appalachian tribes 

 include all those with which the English and 

 nch first came into contact Jrom the 

 Atlantic to the basin of the Mississippi, and 

 ..e tribes of the northern part of South 

 America; the Amazonian tribes occupy a large 

 part of South America. 



The Hamitic race belongs historically to the 

 northern parts of Africa, the southern parts of 

 Europe, and the western parts of Asia. The 

 Hamitic people were called, by the historic 

 . Pelasgic. Their civilization has been 

 so overlaid by that of the Aryans as to be almost 

 wholly obscured. The great Hamitic civiliza- 

 tion was that of Egypt, long considered the 

 earliest of all the civilizations. 



HAMITIC TONGUES 



Sidonian, 



or 

 Rotic 



Koptic 



Berber. 



or 

 Libyan 



Iberian, 

 or 



Bis.-.-ivan 



Pelagian, Miniran. Galla 



(probably) (probably) (probably) 



he beginning of this century we .knew 

 uore of Semitic literature than wli 

 contained in the ancient Hebrew Scriptures 

 ami in that body of Arabic literature that grew 

 up after the era of Mohammed. Our knowing- 

 has been greatly added to by the numerous 

 inscriptions whirh have been found and de- 

 ciphcn-.i. Tin- Semitic races first appear hi- 

 torn ally in the great desert r-L r i"n covering 

 Arabia and extending to the bonier of the Mr- 

 opotamian River valleys. The Semitic tongues 

 are different dialects, rather than different Ian- 



Koran made the Arabic language sacred, 

 as well as classic. About the Eleventh Century 



reasure-house of tales, "The Thousand 

 Ninhts and a Night," was produced. From the 

 Canaanite family came our Hebrew Bible, a 

 library of very varied literature. 



AMERICAN LANGUAGES 



Blackfeet ...... 



Cree ......... 



Montagnoi, . . . . 



Micmoo ...... 



OtUwa ....... 



Abenaki ....... 



Passamaquoddy. . 

 Peauoid ....... 



Mohegan ...... 



Powhatan 



Miami 



Sac 



Fox 



Kickapoo, 



Shawnee, 



Seneca. . 

 Cayuga. . 

 Onondaga. 

 Oneida, . 

 Mohawk. , 

 Tuscarora. . 

 Huron. . . 



Assiniboin, 

 Sioux, . . . 

 Crow, . . . 

 Winnebago. 

 Omaha. . . 

 Mandan, . . 

 gto ..... 

 Ponca, . . . 



Kansas, 

 Tutelo. 



Seminole. 



Chippewa, 

 Kutchm, 

 Kenai. . . 

 Tacullie. . 

 Umpqua, 



Apache 



Navajo 



Lipan 





Toltec 



Aztec 



Chichimec 



Pipile 



Nicarao 



Alaguilac 



Itsa 

 Taendal, 



Cakchiquel. 

 Huasteca. . 

 Maya. . . . 



Quichua,. . 

 Amara. . . 



Algonkin 



' Iroquois 



Dakota 



I Chah ta-M uskok i . 



Cherokee 



Creek 



Choctaw 



WbhiuT.' .' ' ' ' 



Ut 



Comanche. 



Carib. . 



Ar:i:tk. 



Kioway, . . . 

 Shoahonee. . 



\\Vst Imiian. 





(iuarnm. . 

 Mundun.ru 



Orara 



H . 



I'arratiotin 



lira, 



Caishana. ' 



