LANGUAGE 



197 



Shall Will. The radical signification of 



will is purpose, intention, determination; that 

 of shall is obligation. I will do means, I pur- 

 pose doing I am determined to do. I shall 

 do means, radically, I ought to do ; and as a man 

 is supposed to do that which he ought to do, I 

 shall do came to mean, I am about doing to 

 be, in fact, a mere announcement of future ac- 

 tion, more or less remote. Always keep in mind 

 that I shall, you will, and he will, are the forms 

 of the future, and that I will, you shall, and he 

 .s/wi//. imply volition on the part of the speaker. 

 Will and shall in the first person are properly 

 used in the following quotations from "The 

 tee," one of Miss Edgeworth's novels: 

 "Gone! Forever gone from me," said Lord 

 Colambre, as the carriage drove away. "Never 

 shall I see her more never will I see her more, 

 till she is married." 



\\ will do our best to make you happy, and 

 hope we shall succeed." 



They are used properly also in, " I shall be 

 drowned"; "We shall have to go"; "Is the 

 time coming when we shall desert Thackery?" 



These two words are coming more and more 

 to be used interchangeably, so that one authority 

 says there is no distinction to be made in their 

 use; but this is not yet true. There is determi- 

 nation expressed in shall as well as in will. 

 Suppose you had put a book upon the table, 

 and had told me not to take it from the table, 

 not to read it. I might say, " I shall go to the 

 table; I shall take the book; and I n-,'11 read 

 it." Shall here indicates a future action with 

 intention added to the thought; and will ex- 

 presses determination. " I will go to the table 

 for supper," indicates that you have been told 

 not to go to the table, but that you will go in 

 spite of this prohibition; while r 'l shall go to 

 i Me indicates only futurity of action. 

 Where there is nothing to rouse the will or to 

 show a prohibition, shall is often used inter- 

 changeably with will, as in " Will you come to 

 the table?" "Yes, I will come to the table," 

 in which sentence will expresses futurity, and 

 not determination. 



You shall do it shows intention on the part 

 of tin- speaker to make the other person do his 

 will, and not his own will. "You will do it," 

 shows simple futurity usually. Still, in the case 

 of the child and its mother; the child says, "I 

 won't do it!" and the mother puts her will into 

 operation and says, " You will do it," meaning 

 'I that you will to do it. 



"He shall do it," and "He will do it." follow 

 the same rules as the sen.nd 



words arc incorrectly used in "Will I cut 

 myself?" "I will drown, and nolxxlv ahull 

 :ne." 



cannot be used interrogatively in the 

 first person singular or plural, as can be seen 

 by the sentence " 1 1'/// I put some more coal on 

 .re?" 



To determine whether to use woui 



- your thought, whenever possible, in the 



present tense, and then use would for will and 



should for *//<///. These words are used correctly 



in the following sentences: "I uxmtteometoyou 



.Id." <y l should have been sorrv if I kid 



lone. 



I would I u 



./ u 



go hunting to-day if the weather were good." 

 " I should prefer to hear the music." 



Sick 111. See 111. 



Since when should not be used for since 

 that time, or since what time, according to the 

 meaning. 



Smell of. We smell the rose, not smell of it. 



Splendid. Splendid, awful, and dandy 

 seem to be about tne only adjectives some of our 

 superlative young women have in their vocabu- 

 laries. 



Standpoint. This idea is better expressed 

 by view point or point of view. 



Stop for stay is a Britishism. To stop is to 

 arrest motion ; to stay is to remain where motion 

 is arrested. We may stop at a hotel; but how 

 long we stay depends upon circumstances. 



Storm. To a storm a violent commotion 

 of the atmosphere is indispensable ; so say rains 

 or snows, unless it really storms. 



Street. We live in not on a street. Thinga 

 occur in not on a street. 



Stricken is used when misfortune is im- 

 plied; as, "He was stricken with death. Struck 

 is used in all other cases; as, " He was struck by 

 a stone. 



Such. "I have never seen such a small 

 man," should be " I have never seen so small a 

 man," as may be seen by transposing the words 

 of the first sentence, which then becomes " I 

 have never seen a man such small." 



Such a Pretty, Such a Lovely, etc., 

 are incorrect, and should be so pretty, so lovely, 

 etc. 



Sure. "He will surely be here," not "He 

 will be here sure." 



Sustain. We do not sustain injuries; we 

 receive them. 



Teach. See Learn. 



That. This word is not an adverb, and so 

 cannot modify an adjective; so, that good, that 

 worthy, etc., should be so good, so worthy, etc. 



The. See A. "The bill then passed not 

 only raised the barrier against the foreign prod- 

 ucts of the spindle, and loom, the furnace and the 

 forge, by increasing," etc. 



The should be used before Reverend, lion 

 orable, etc. The Reverend James Smith. D. D. 



Thence. Do not use this with the prepo- 

 sition from. "He came thence," is correct. 



Think for. "lie hears more than you 

 think for is wrong." Omit the for. 



Those Kind. " That kind of shoes is good," 

 not those kind. "This sort of people (not these 

 sort) will suit you." 



To. Never say, " She was to my house yes- 

 t en lay." l'-e at in place of to. 



Try. We make experiments, not try them. 



T\\ ice Over. The orer serves no purpose 

 in He said it twice over in .linVrmi ways." 



Under the Circumstances. Better 



tn the rircutn*tnneet. 



Universal All. "He was universally 

 praised by all who heard him." is Ix-r 

 pressed by "He was universally praised," or 

 "He was praised ly nil who heard him." 



Upon On. "We call on persons, and 



speak on- subjects, and stand '</><> th.- table." 



^Ue to. ly used to. "We used to 



live th.-n- " i- 001 



