LANGUAGE 



223 



as it relates to ourselves only or to others; fearful and 

 timorous are applied only physically and personally; 

 timid is mostly used in a moral sense. It is the charac- 

 ter of the fearful or timorous person to be afraid of what 

 he imagines would hurt himself. Between fearful and 

 timorous there is little distinction, either in sense or 

 application, except that we say fearful of a thing, not 

 timorous of a tiling. 



To Aggr;i\ate. Irritate. Provoke, Exasperate, 

 Tantalize. The crime of robbery is aggravated by any 

 circumstances of cruelty; whatever comes across the 

 whatever awakens anger provokes; 

 whatever heightens this anger extraordinarily exasper- 

 ates; whatever raises hopes in order to frustrate them 

 tantalises. 



To Agree, Acred.-, (on sent. Comply, Acquiesce, 

 To agree is the general term, meaning to fall in with. We 

 accede by becoming a party to a thing; those who accede 

 are on equal terms; one objects to that to which one 

 does not accede; we consent to a thing by authorizing 

 it, we comply with a thing by allowing it; those who 

 consent or comply are not on equal terms with those in 

 whose favor the consent is given or compliance made; 

 consenting is an act of authority, complying an act of 

 good-nature or weakness; to acquiesce is quietly to 

 admit; it is a passive act. dictated by prudence or duty. 



\-re. Mtilr. I'l.-.i-.mt. Pleading. Agreeable ex- 



presses a feeling less vivid than pleasant ; pleasing marks 



tent less vivid and distinct than either; a pleasing 



countenance denotes tranquillity and contentment; a 



pleasant countenance bespeaks happiness. 



Vim. Object. Knd. View. The aim is that which 

 the person has in his own mind; it depends upon the 

 character of the individual whether it be good or bad, 

 attainable or otherwise; the object lies in the thing; it 

 is a matter of choice, it depends upon accident as well as 

 design, whether it be worthy or unworthy; the end is 

 that which follows or terminates any course or pro- 

 ceeding; it depends upon the means taken, whether the 

 end is arrived at or not. It is the aim of the Christian to 

 live peaceably; it is a mark of dullness or folly to act 

 without an object ; it is sophistry to suppose that the end 

 will justify the means; the view is, generally speaking, 

 whatever the mind sets before itself, whether by way of 

 opinion or motive; a person's views may be interested 

 or ili-mtercst. -d. correct, or false; the view is a matter 

 rather of contemplation than of practice. 



To Aim, Point, Level. Aim expresses more than 

 the other two words, inasmuch as it denotes a direction 

 toward some minute point in an object, and the others 

 imply direction toward the whole objects themselves. 

 We aim at a bird; we point a cannon against a wall; we 

 level a cannon at a wall. 



I.. \ini. \ -pin-. We aim at a certain proposed 

 jxmit by endeavoring to gain it; we aspire after that 

 which we think nur-i-lvc* entitled to, and flatter our- 

 selves with gaining. Many men aim at riches and honor; 

 e lot of but few to aspire to a throne. 



Mr. M. inner. Air lies in the whole persoh; manner 

 i" manned to the action or tlie movement of a single 

 \ man has the air of a common person; it dis- 

 -elf in all his manners. An air is noble 

 pie. it marks an elevation or simplicity of character; a 

 i". rustic. ,, r awkward. f-r want of culture. 

 good society, and good example. We assume an air, and 

 i manner. 



\ i r. Mn-ii. Look. Air depends not only on the 



nice, but the stature, carriage, and action; mien 



respect* the whole outward appearance, not exceptmu 



the dress; look depends altogether on the fact* and its 



*' M.'l T:i r e~ . 



M.irin. Termr. Fright, < on-te rn.ii ion. Alarm 



:'rom any sudden signal that ann< 

 preach of danger. fernx -pring* from any event ,, r 



may serve as a prgi 

 i-he; alarm makes UN run to our -lei'. 

 terror disarms us; fright is a leiw vivid emoimn than 

 either, as it arises from the imple a; 



be alarmed or terrified for others, but we are 

 Mio-tly frightened f'-r ourselves; consternation springs 

 from tl .. : ,d commonly 



alarm affects the feeling*, terror tin- under- 

 standing, and fi./ht the ten* 

 whole mind, and benumbs th- f.-i.-u 



\lertn. . Uacritjr. .-d with nlertne-. 



when the bod] th alai - 



ien the mind i* in full pursuit of an ob 



Ml. \\bole. \ 



Ml. I i Each, ' "t within the ! 



human capacity to take more than n imrtinl s> 

 nil the interesting objects which the whole r 



nil men are not born with the tame talent, cither m 



I degree or kind; but every man has a talent peculiar to 

 himself; a parent divides his property among his chil- 

 dren, and gives to each his due share. 



To Allay, Soothe, Appease. Mitigate, Assuage. 

 All these terms indicate a lessening of something painful. 

 In a physical sense an irritating pain is allayed ; a wounded 

 part is soothed by affording ease and comfort. Extreme 

 neat or thirst is allayed; extreme hunger is appeased; 

 a punishment or sentence is mitigated. In a moral sense 

 one allays what is fervid and vehement; one soothes 

 what is distressed or irritated; one appeases what is 

 tumultuous and boisterous; one mitigates the pains of 

 others, or what is rigorous and severe; one assuages 

 grief or afflictions. 



To Alleviate. Relieve. A pain is alleviated by 

 making it less burdensome; a necessity is relieved by 

 supplying what is wanted. Alleviate respects our 

 internal feelings only; relieve our external circum- 

 stances. That alleviates which affords ease and comfort; 

 that relieves which removes the pain. 



Mil nice. League, Confederacy. Alliances are 

 formed for the mutual conveniences of parties, as be- 

 tween states to promote commerce; leagues ami confed- 

 eracies are entered into mostly for purposes of self- 

 defense or common safety against the attacks of a com- 

 mon enemy; but a league is mostly a solemn act between 

 two or more states and for general ptir|x><*e of safety; 

 and may, therefore, be both defensive and offe: 

 confederacy is mostly the temporary act of several 

 uniting in a season of actual danger to resist a common 

 adversary. 



To Allot, Appoint. Destine. Allot is used only for 

 things, appoint and destine for i>ersons or things. A 

 space of ground is allotted for cultivation; a person is 

 appointed as steward or governor; a youth is destined 

 for a particular profession. Allotments and appoint- 

 ments are made for immediate purposes, destinations 

 for a future purpose. 



To Allow, (.rant. Itestou. That is allowed which 

 may be expected, if not directly required; that is granted 

 which is desired, if not directly asked for; that is be- 

 stowed which is wanted as a matter of necessity. A 

 grant comprehends in it something more iin|xirtant than 

 an allowance, and passes betw- - in a higher 



station; what is bestowed is of less value than either. 

 A boy is allowed money for expends; a king gni 

 sions to his officers; relief is bestowed on the indigent. 



Mlowjince. Stipend. Sal:ir> . U .1-. -. lln . l'i\. 

 All these terms denote a stated sum paid according to 

 certain stipulations. An allowance is gratuitous; it 

 ceases at the pleasure of the donor: all t! 

 requital for some suppo-f i hey cease with the 



engagement made between the : tipend is more 



fixed and permanent than a salary; and that than wages, 

 hire, or pay; a stipend depends upon the fulfills 

 engagement, rather than on the will of an individual, a 

 salary is a matter of contract between the i: 

 receiver; an allowance may be given in any form, or at 

 any stated times; a stipend and salary are paid yearly, 

 or at even portions of a year; wage*, hire, nnd pay are 

 estimated by days, weeks, or months, as well as years. 



T.. Mhl.le. Kefer. llll.l. Si 



so direct as to refer, but it is more clear and po-itive than 

 either hint or suggest. We allude to a circumstance by 

 introducing something collaterally allied to it; 

 to an event by expressly introducing it into < 

 course; we hint at a person's intentions by darkly insin- 

 uating what may possibly happen; we suggest an idea 

 by some poetical exprc-s|,.ns relative to it. 



Mom. soiit.ir>. l.onel>. \ . mpounded of 

 all and one. signifies altogether one, or single; t: 

 bv one's self; alone marks the state of a per-. 



:i or thing; lonely the ijuaht < 

 thing only. \ p. ' -<>n walks alt 

 walk in a lonely place. 



son walks nl<>nc. or takes a solitary 



Ami).. GnVOy, Plenipo(, nti.u . Deputy. 



Ambassad< and plenipotentiaries speak and 



I act in the name of ti th tin- difference, 



that lie tn-t r- n.\ <-'..! with the highest niltl 

 acting in all caw* ns the representative; the 

 appear* only as a simple authoriaw minister acting for 



another, but not a'. 

 of concluding pea 



him; the t: 

 nly on the occasion 



i-; deputie* 

 Ill.'lV M deputed to 



''lit in 

 ticulnr 



ibtguity arisen from 

 th leaves the 



of the nut '.ninte; nn ixpnvaontion lie* in th* 



I power of particular terms used, which admit of a double 



