LANGUAGE 



233 



Continue, Persevere, Persist. We continue from anything that is made or manufactured; the specimen 

 habit or casualty; we persevere from reflection and the is any portion of a material which serves to show the 

 exercise of our judgment; we persist from attachment, quality of that of which it forms a part. 

 A child perseveres in a new study until he has mastered Coquet, Jilt. The coquet makes a traffic of her 

 it; he persists in making a request until he has obtained own charms by seeking a multitude of admirers; the 

 the object of his desire. I jilt sports with the sacred passion of love, and barters 



Contracted, Confined, Narrow. Contracted signi- it for the gratification of any selfish propensity, 

 fies drawn into a smaller compass than it might other- I Correct, Accurate. What is done by the exercise 

 wise be in, and confined signifies brought within unusu- I of the judgment is said to be correct, as a correct style, 

 ally small bounds, are said of that which is made or j a correct writer; what is done by the effort of the indi- 

 becomes so by circumstances. Narrow, which is a vidual is more properly accurate, as accurate observa- 

 v aria t ion of near, denotes a quality belonging naturally ' 

 or otherwise to a material body. A limb is said to be 

 contracted which is drawn up by disease; a situation is 

 confined which has not the necessary or usual degree of 

 open space ; a road or a room is narrow. 



< Out r.idi( t. Deny. One contradicts in direct terms 

 by asserting something contrary; one denies by advanc- 

 ing arguments, or suggest ing doubts or difficulties. These j reel) is that of making right what has been wrong. In 

 terms may, therefore, both be used in reference to dispu- discipline, the leading idea is that of instructing or 

 tatipns. We may deny the truth of a position by contra- regulating. In punishment, the leading idea is that of 

 dieting the assertions that are advanced in its support. inflicting pain. We remove an evil by correction; we 



To Controvert, Dispute. To controvert has regard prevent it by discipline. 



to speculative points: to dispute respects matters of Correspond. Answerable, Suitable. Things 

 fact : there is more of opposition in controversy; more that correspond must be alike in site, shape, color, and 



tions, an accurate survey. 



Correction, Discipline, Punishment. As correc- 

 tion and discipline have commonly required punishment 

 to render them efficacious . custom has affixed to them 

 a strong resemblance in their application, although they 

 are distinguished from each other by obvious marks of 

 difference. The prominent idea in correction (v. to cor- 



of doubt in disputing; a sophist controverts; a sceptic 

 disputes. 



Contumacy, Rebellion. The contumacious resist 

 only occasionally; the rebel resists systematically: the 

 contumacious stand only on certain points, and oppose 

 the individual; the rebel sets himself up against the 

 authority itself. 



(<>n venient Suitable. Convenient regards the cir- 

 cumstances of the individual; suitable respects the 

 established opinions of mankind, and is closely con- 

 nected with moral propriety: nothing is convenient 

 which does not favor one's purpose; nothing is suitable 

 which does not suit the person, place, and thing. 



< on\n-.ini. l;iniiliar. A person is conversant in 

 that come frequently before his notice; he is 

 familiar with such as form the daily routine of his 

 business. 



Conversation, Dialogue, Conference, Colloquy. 

 A conversation is always something actually held be- 

 \vo or more persons; a dialogue is mostly ficti- 

 tious, and written as if spoken: any number of persons 





may take part in a conversation, but a dialogue always 

 refers to the two persons who are expressly engaged; 

 a conference is always specifically appointed and is 

 mostly on public concerns; the colloquy has the same 

 character as the dialogue but is not confined to two 



people. 



( on\ert. Pros,. | %tc. Convert is more extensive in 

 its sense and application than proselyte: convert in its 

 full sense includes every change of opinion, without 

 respect to the subject ; proselyte, in its original applica- 

 tion, denoted changes only from one religious belief to 

 another; proselyte now means a new convert to a 

 religion, a religious sect or to some particular system 

 or part y. 



I n\it. Detect. A person is convicted by 



means of evidence; he is detected by means of ocular 

 'ration. One is convicted of having been the 

 perpetrator of some evil deed; one is detected in the 

 very a< < of committing the deed. 



I tiviit. <on\im.-. Persuade. A person may 



be convicted of heresy, if it be proved to the sat i 

 of others; he may be convinced that the opinion which 

 he has held is heretical. So a person may be con v in,-, I 

 who is involuntarily convinced of his error, hut he is 

 convmce.1 if lie is made sensible of his error without 

 any force on his own mind. What convinces bind*; 

 what persuades attracts; our persuasion respects natter* 



Of belief or practice. 



(on\i\i.ii. Social. The prominent idea in eon- 



d is that of sensual indulgence; the prominent 



idea in social is that of enjoyment from an intercourse 



with society. We speak of convivial meetings, eonvivi.il 



..puts, or the convivial board; but so. 

 course, social ph-a-ure. soc.al amusement -. ;md i he 

 like. 

 To Copy, Transcribe. To copy respects the matter; 



-cribe respects simply the act of writim- 

 is copied must be taken immediately from 

 with which it must exactly correspond; what is tran- 

 may t>e taken from the copy, but not necessarily 

 ire state; a copier should be very exact; a tran- 



every minute particular; those that answer must be 

 fitted for the same purpose; those that suit must have 

 nothing disproportionate or discordant. In the moral 

 application, actions are said not to correspond with 

 professions; the success of an undertaking does not 

 answer the expectation ; particular measures do not suit 

 the purpose of individuals. 



Cost, Expense. Price. Charge. The cost is what 

 a t hing costs, or what is to be laid out for it; the expense 

 is that which a person actually lays out; the pries is 

 that which a thing may fetch or which it may be worth: 

 the charge is that which a person or thing is charged 

 with; we do a thing at our own cost, but at another .- 

 expense; we can never set a price on anything until we 

 have ascertained what it has cost us; nor can we know 

 or defray the expense until the charge be made. In the 

 moral acceptation, the attainment of an object is said 

 to cost much pains; a thing is persisted in at the 

 of health, of honor, or of fife. The sacrifice of a man's 

 quiet is the price which he must pay for the gratification 

 of his ambition. 



To Cover, Hide. The ruling idea in the word cover 

 is that of throwing or putting something over a body; 

 in the word hide is that of keeping carefully to one's 

 self, from the observation of others. 



Cover, Shelter, Screen. Cover includes the idea 

 of concealing; shelter comprehends that of protecting 

 from some immediate or impending evil; screen* includes 

 that of warding off some trouble. 



To Countcn in. . . >.m<tioM. Support. Persons are 

 countenanced; things are sanctioned; persons or thing* 

 are supported; persons are countenanced in their pro- 

 ceedings by the apparent approbation of others; meas- 

 ures are sanctioned by the consent or approbation of 

 others who have due authority; measures or persons 

 are supported by every means which may forward the 

 object. 



Courage, Fortitude. K. solution. Courage respects 

 action, fortitude respects passion: a 



to meet danger, and fortitude to endure pain; resolution 

 simply marks the will not to recede: we require resolu- 

 tion not to yield to the tirM difficulties that offer. 



Credit. li\->t. Influence* These terms mark the 

 state we stand in with regard to others as Mowing out of 

 their sentiments toward ourselves; credit arises out of 

 esteem; favor out of good-will or affection; mil urn 

 out of either credit or favor, or external cirri 



influence is employi-d in directing others: weak people 

 easily give their credit, or bc-tow thpir favor, by which 

 an influence is gained over them to bend them to the 



Will of Of 



( run.. \ i. . . '-in. A crimp is a social offense: a 

 i prr-.-iial offense: every action which do*-* 

 injury to oilier-, either individual or collectively, Is a 



that which doe* injury to ,,ur-eU 



Crime consists in a violation of human law-, vice in n 

 <>f the moral law; sin in a violation of the 



.n;il. < ulprlf. >!.,!. f.M lor. I -Ion. < OfT* I. 

 When we wi~h tOlpMJl |] fMMflUd U Ml W\ ' | MNBMI 

 against the laws or regul 



-.. themselves t puniahflMnt, we denominate them 



scnber should tw a .- nals: when we consider them aa already brought before 



Model, Pattern, Specimen. The term copy a tribunal, we call the 



is applied to that which i delineated, as writings or 

 which must be taken faithfully and literalK . 

 a model is that which may be used as a guide or rul<-. 

 the pattern regards solely the outward form or 



tal. we call them culprit*; when we consider 

 them in retard to the moral turpitude of their character. 

 as the promoters of pvil rnthpr limn of * 

 them tunlpf actors; wlipn WP aonsider them as offending 

 by the grosser violations of tiip law, they are termed 



