LANGUAGE 



239 



Encomium, Eulogy, Panegyric. We bestow 

 encomiums upon any work of art or production of genius. 

 without reference to the performer; we bestow eulogies 

 on the exploits of a hero, who is of anotherage or country ; 

 but we write panegyrics either in a direct address, or 

 in direct reference to the person who is panegyrized; 

 the encomium is produced by merit, real or supposed; 

 the eulogy may spring from admiration of the pt 

 eulogize* 1;' the panegyric may be mere flattery, resulting 

 from servile dependence. 



To Encourage, Embolden. To encourage is to 

 give courage, and to embolden to make bold; the former 

 impelling to action in general, the latter to that which 

 is more difficult or dangerous. 



I" i:nd, Terminate, ('lose. To end is indefinite 

 in its meaning and general in its application; terminate 

 and close are modes of ending; to terminate is to end 

 finally; to close to end gradually. Whatever is begun 

 will end. and it may end in any way; but what terminates 

 is that which has been designedly brought to an end: 

 a string, a line, a verse, etc., may end, but a road is said 

 properly to terminate. 



To I ndca\or. Aim._St rive, St ruirtlle. An endeavor 

 springs from a sense of duty; we endeavor to do that 

 which is right, and avoid that which is wrong: aiming 

 is the fruit of an aspiring temi>er; the object aimed ai 

 is always something superior either in reality or imagina- 

 tion; striving is the consequence of an ardent desire; 

 the thing striven for is always conceived to be of impor- 

 tance: struggling is the effect of necessity; it is projx>r- 

 tioned to the difficulty of attainment; the thing strug- 

 gle.! for is indispensably necessary. 



Endea\or. ni'ort. I Ac rt ion. Endeavor expresses 

 little more than this common idea, being a term of gen- 

 eral import; effort and exertion are particular modes 

 of endeavor;, the former being a special strong endeavor. 

 the latter a continued strong endeavor. 



\ . I "i< t . \ iunr. With energy is connected 

 the idea of activity; with force'that of capability; with 

 vigor that of health; energy lies only in the mind- force 

 ami vigor are the property of either body or mind. 



'!' Enlarge. Increase, Extend. Enlarge is applied 



to dimension and extent ; increase, is applicable to quanti- 



/nifying to become greater in size by the junction of 



other matter: extend, signifies to make greater in span-. 



U , -peak of enlarging a house, a room, premises, or 



boundaries; of increasing an army, or property, capital. 



:se, etc.; of extending the boundaries of an empire. 



Knmity, Animosjt\. Hostility. I.nmity lies in 

 the heart; it is deep and malignant; animosity, from 

 animus, a spirit, lies in the passions; it is fierce and 

 vind:, ility, from ^hostis, a political enemy, 



lies in the action; it is mischievous and destructive. 

 Enmity is altogether personal; hostility respects public 

 <>r private measures; enmity often lies concealed in the 

 heart, and does not betray itself by any open act of 

 hostility. 



I m.rinoii-., Prodigious, Monstrous. The enor- 

 mous contradicts our rules of estimating and calculating; 

 the prodigious raises our minds lieyond their ordinary 

 standard of thinking; the monstrous contradicts nature 

 and the course of things. What is enormous ex 



urprise or amazement: what is prodig.. 

 our astonishment; what is monstrous does violence to 

 our senses and understanding. 



.m.iiuli. *Miillciont. lie has enough whose d< 

 are satisfied; he has sufficient whose wants arc supplied. 

 ,/h, i.s m < I. .:'. which comes from gon- 



ugen. to --ati-fy. Sufficient, in Latin suHicions. | 

 ciple of impounded of sub and facio, sigmhc^ 



made or suited to the purpose. 



rprlslng, \<i\ -murou*. The ent< 



t-. and pursues objects 



that are .lifli.-ult to be obtained; the a<l\ -onturou- 

 character is route- '-king that whu !. 



an<l pirn-ing himself in djUUpMOUi and mm 

 lipitiu -t. \iljrrti\i-. Epithet 



nve that of the grammarian. 

 The same won I is an epithet a* it qualities the >CHM-; 



it is an adjective as it is a pni' . thus, m the 



phrase "Alexander the <ir-ai. " i/n-at i* an cpn ' 

 much ;i- it designates Alexander m distinction from 

 i-i-tivc nt it expresses a 



i Alexamli 

 denote, a thin* 



I i|ii.il. I \. ii. I n i.il.lr. I ik. . ,,r MiK. . I nlforin. 

 Equal n .H.'tid of degree, qiinnt it y. nuinlier. and dimen- 

 sions. as equal in years; even is said of the surface and 



like IK said of accidental qualities in t 

 alike in color or in feature; umfo: 



to their fitne--* t I; tho-o which are 



unhke m cl<>r. -hape, or make, are not umf< 



cannot be made to match as pairs: equable is used only 

 in the moral acceptation, in which all the others are 

 likewise employed. 



Error, Mistake, Blunder. Error in its universal 



j sense is the general term, since every deviation from 

 what is right in rational agents is termed error. Into 

 whatever we attempt to do or think error will be sure to 

 creep. The other terms designate modes of error, which 

 mostly refer to the common concerns of life; mistake 



i is an error of choice; blunder an error of action. 



Error, Fault. Error respects the act; fault respects 



! the agent; an error may lay in the judgment, or in the 

 conduct; but a fault lies in the will or intention. 



Eruption, Explosion. Eruption is the coming into 

 view, by a sudden bursting; explosion signifies bursting 

 out with a noise: hence of flames there will be properly 

 an eruption, but of gunpowder an explosion. 



To Estimate, Compute, Rate. To estimate is to 

 obtain the aggregate sum in one's mind, either by an 

 immediate or a progressive act; to compute is to obtain 



. the sum by the gradual process of putting together 



i items; to rate is to fix the relative value in one's mind 

 by deduction and comparison; a builder estimates the 

 expense of building a house on a given plan; a pro- 

 prietor of houses computes the probable diminution in 

 the value of his property in consequence of wear and 

 tear; the surveyor rates the present value of lands or 

 housjaa. 



Eternal. Endless, Everlasting. The eternal is set 

 above time; the endless lies within time. That is prop- 

 erly eternal which has neither beginning nor end; that 



! is endless which has a beginning, but no end; that 

 which is everlasting has neither interruption nor cessa- 

 tion. 



To Evade, Equivocate. Prevaricate. We evade 

 by artfully turning the subject or calling off the atten- 

 tion of the inquirer; we equivocate by the use of euuiv- 



i ocal expressions; we prevaricate by the use of loose 

 and indefinite expressions; we avoid giving satisfaction 

 by evading; we give a false satisfaction by equivocating; 

 we give dissatisfaction by prevaricating. 



i:\cnt. Incident* Accident. Ad\entnre. n, ,ur- 

 rence. These terms are expressive of what pa>- 

 the world, which is the sole signification of the term 

 event; while to that of the other terms are annexed 

 some accessory ideas; an incident is a personal event; 

 an accident an accidental event which happens by the 

 way; an adventure an extraordinary event; an occur- 

 rence an ordinary or domestic event. Event, in its 

 ordinary and limited acceptation, excludes the idea of 

 chance; accident excludes that of design; incident. 

 adventure, and occurrence are applicable in lx>th cases. 

 I X.K t. I x tort. To exact is to demand with force, 

 it is commonly an act of injustice; to extort is to get 

 with violence, it is an act of tyranny. 



I x.i, !. \i.<. Particular, ('mutual. To be exact 

 is to arrive at perfection; t> )>c nice is to be free from 

 faults; to he particular is to be nice in certain | 

 lars; to be punctual is to be exact in certain point". 

 We are exact in our conduct or in what we do; mco 

 and particular in our mode <>f doing it; punctual as to 

 the time and season for doing it. 



I x.imple. I'atiern, Ensample. The example must 

 lie followed generally; the pattern must he foi 

 particularly, not only as to what. i>ut how a tbinf 



be done: the former .serves as a guide to the judgment; 

 t lie latter to guide the act ions ; t he ensample is a species 

 of example, the word being employed only in the solemn 



I x.i.nplc. Instance. ;.|o i- sot forth bv 



way of illustration or instruction: the instance is ad- 

 duced by way of evidence or proof. 



io i \, ii, . iii, itr. Provoke. le is said more 



particularly of the inward feelings; incite in said of the 



cxterna; i.d of Inith. A person's 



passions are excited; ho is incited 



to a course of conduct; n particular feeling in 

 ,od by fmnio fooling to a par- 



t iculai 



Excursion, H.UI.MC. Four. Trip. Jaunt. 



going out of one's course; a ramble D> a 

 going without any course or regular path (from mam); 

 ii tour, from the word turn or return, i- a on 

 course: a trip means to go on the toes like a dai 



.\n excursion r tour, or any short 

 sight be made >* who have 



-ponding their tune make jaunt-, 

 i i rdon. We excuse a person or thin? 



him from blame; we pardon by giving 

 f the offense one has committed. We 



excuse a small fnult ; wo pnrdnn a grout fault : wo 

 excuse that which MiiMhm; we 



pardon that which oflcnds against morals. 



