242 



THK STANDARD 1 >I< TI< 'N \ K V OF FACTS 



standing: it is guided by outward symptoms as a rule; 

 a physician prognosticate? the crisis of a disorder by the 

 symptoms discoverable in the patient. 



..'(fiilm-.-. Ohli \iuii. FoqptfahMM character- 

 iaes the person, or that which is personal; oblivion the 

 state of the thing: the former refers to him who forgets; 

 the latter to that which is forgotten. 



-.I'anloii. \I.M.I\e.Kemil. Individuals 

 forgive each other personal offenses; they pardon of- 

 fenses against law and morals: the former is tin act of 

 Christian charity; the latter an act of clemency; re- 

 mission is the consequence of the crime; it has more par- 

 ticular regard to the punishment ; it is granted either 

 bv the prince or i the execution 



of justice. Absolution is pronounced either by the civil 

 judge or the* 1 minister; ami it re-establishes 



the accused or the penitent in the rights of innocence 



To Form, Fashion. .Mold. Shape. A- everything 

 respects a form when it receives existence, so to form 

 - the idea of producing. When we wish to repre- 

 sent a thing as formed in any distinct or remarkable 

 way. we may speak of it as fashioned. God forme* I man 

 out of the dust of the ground; he fashioned him after 

 his own image. When we wish to represent a thing as 

 formed according to a precise rule, we should say it was 

 molded; thus tbe habits of a man are molded at the 

 will of a superior. When we wish to represent a thing 

 as receiving the accidental qualities which distinguish 

 it from others, we talk of shaping it. 



Form. (erem<m\. Kite, Observance. Form re- 

 spects all determinate modes of acting and speaking, 

 that are adopted by society at large, in every transaction 

 of life; ceremony respects those forms of outward be- 

 havior which are made the expressions of respect and 

 deference; rite and observance are applied to national 

 ceremonies in matters of religion. Every country has 

 adopted certain rites founded upon its peculiar religious 

 faith, and prescribed certain observances by which 

 individuals can make a public profession of their faith. 



Formidable, Dreadful, Terrible, Shocking. The 

 formidable acts neither suddenly nor violently; the 

 dreadful may act violently, but not suddenly: thus the 

 appearance of an army may be formidable; but that of 

 a held of battle is dreadful. The terrible and shocking 

 act both suddenly and violently; but the former acts 

 both on the senses and the imagination, the latter on the 

 moral feelings: thus, the glare of a tiger's eye is terrible; 

 the unexpected news of a friend's death is shocking. 



Forsaken, Forlorn, Destitute. To be forsaken 

 (v. to abandon) is to be deprived of the company and 

 assistance of those we have looked to; to be forlorn is 

 to be forsaken in time of difficulty, to be without a guide 

 in an unknown road; to be destitute is to be deprived 

 of the first necessaries of life. 



To Forswear, Perjure, Suborn. To forswear is 

 applied to all kinds of oaths; to perjure is employed only 

 for such oaths as have been administered by the civil 

 magistrate. A soldier forswears himself who breaks his 

 oath of allegiance by desertion; a man perjures himself 

 in a court ol law who swears to the truth of that which 

 he knows to be false; suborn signifies to make to for- 

 swear: a perjured man has all the guilt upon himself; 

 but he who is suborned shares his guilt with the suborner. 



To Foster, Cherish, Harbor, Indulge. These 

 terms are all employed here in the moral acceptation, 

 to express the idea of giving nourishment to an object; 

 to foster in the mind is to keep with care and positive 

 endeavors; as when one fosters prejudices by encourag- 

 ing everything which favors them: to cherish in the 

 mind is to hold dear or set a value upon ; as when one 

 cherishes good sentiments, by dwelling upon them with 

 inward satisfaction: to harbor is to allow room in the 

 mind, and is generally taken in the worst sense, for giving 

 admission to that which ought to be excluded; as when 

 one harbors resentment by permitting it to have a resting- 

 place in the heart: to indulge in the mind is to give the 

 whole mind to it, to make it the chief source of pleasure; 

 as when one indulges an affection, by making the will 

 and the outward conduct bend to its gratifications. 



Foundation, Ground, Basis. A report is said to be 

 without any foundation which has taken its rise in mere 

 conjecture, or in some arbitrary cause independent of all 

 fact; a man's suspicion is said to be without ground 

 which is not supported by the shadow of external evi- 

 dence: both foundation and basis are the lowest parts 

 of any structure; but the former lies under ground, the 

 latter stands above: the foundation supports some large 

 and artificially erected pile; the basis supports a simple 

 pillar. 



Fragile, Frail, Brittle. Man, corporeally considered 

 is a fragile creature, his frame is composed of fragile ma- 

 terials; mentally considered, he is a frail creature, for he 

 is liable to every sort of frailty; fragile applies to what- 



ever will break from the effects of time; brittle to that 

 which will not bear a temporary violence. 



Frank, Candid, Ingenuous | roe, Open, Plain. 

 The frank man is under no constraint ; his thoughts and 

 feelings are both set at ease, and his lips are ever ready 

 to give utterance to the dictates of his heart : the candid 

 man has nothing to conceal; he speaks without regard 

 to self-interest or any partial motive; he speaks nothing 

 but the truth: the ingenuous man throws off all disguise; 

 he scorns all artifice, and brings everything to light ; he 

 speaks the whole truth; free, open, and plain have not so 

 high an office as the first three; the frank, free, and open 

 men all speak without constraint; but the frank man is 

 not impertinent like the free man, nor indiscreet like the 

 open man; the frank man speaks only of what concerns 

 himself; the free man speaks of what concerns others; 

 the open man says all he knows and thinks, from tin- in- 

 considerate levity of his temper; the plain man speaks 

 plainly but truly; he gives no false coloring to his 

 speech. 



Free, Liberal. To be free signifies to act or think 

 at will; to be liberal is to act according to the dictates 

 of an enlarged heart and an enlightened mind. 



Free, Familiar. To be free is to be disengaged from 

 all the constraints which the ceremonies of social inter- 

 course impose; to be familiar is to be upon the footing* 

 of a familiar, of a relative, or one of .the same family. 



Free, Exempt. Free is applied to everything from 

 which any one may wish to be free; but exempt, on the 

 contrary, to those burdens which we should share with 

 others. 



Freedom, Liberty. Freedom is personal and private; 

 liberty is public. The freedom of the city is the privilege 

 granted by the city to individuals; the liberties of the 

 city are the immunities enjoyed by the city. 



To Frequent, Resort To, Haunt. Frequent is 

 more commonly used of an individual who goes often to 

 a place; resort and haunt of a number of individuals; 

 a man may frequent a theater, a club, or any other social 

 meeting, innocent or otherwise; people from different 

 quarters may resort to a fair, a church, or any other place 

 where they wish to meet for a common purpose; but 

 those who haunt any place go to it in privacy for some 

 bad purpose. 



To Frighten, Intimidate. The danger that is near 

 or before the eyes frightens; that which is seen at a dis- 

 tance intimidates. 



Funeral, Obsequies. We speak of the funeral as 

 the last sad office which we perform for a friend; it is 

 accompanied by nothing but by mourning and sorrow: 

 we speak of obsequies as the greatest tribute of respect 

 which can be paid to the person of one who was high in 

 station or public esteem. 



To Gape, Stare, Gaze. Gape and stare are taken in 

 a bad sense; the former indicating the astonishment of 

 gross ignorance; the latter not only ignorance but im- 

 pertinence: gaze is taken always in a good sense, as in- 

 dicating a laudable feeling, of astonishment, pleasure, or 

 curiosity. 



To Gather, Collect. To gather signifies to bring 

 things of a sort together; to collect annexes also the idea 

 of binding or forming into a whole ; we gather that which 

 is scattered in different parts: thus stones are gathered 

 into a heap; vessels are collected so as to form a fleet. 



General, Universal. What is general includes the 

 greater part or number; what is universal includes every 

 individual or part. 



Genteel, Polite. Gentility respects rank in life; 

 politeness the refinement of the mind and outward 

 behavior. A genteel education is suited to the station 

 of a gentleman; a polite education fits for polished 

 society and conversation, and raises the individual 

 among his equals. 



Gentle, Tame. Any unbroken horse may be gentle, 

 but not tame; a horse that is broken in will be tame, 

 but not always gentle. Gentle signifies literally well- 

 born, and is opposed either to the fierce or the rude; 

 tame, is opposed either to the wild or the spirited. 



Gift, Present, Donation. The gift is an act of 

 generosity or condescension ; it contributes to the benefit 

 of I he receiver; the present is an act of kindness, courtesy 

 or respect; it contributes to the pleasure of the receiver. 

 I The gift is private, and benefits the individual; the 

 donation is public, and serves some general purpose; 

 what is given to relieve the necessities of any poor per- 

 son is a gift; what is given to support an institution is 

 a donation. 



To Give, Grant, Bestow. The idea of communi- 

 cating to another what is our own, or in our power, is 

 common to these terms; this is the whole signification 

 of give. To grant is to give at one's pleasure; to bestow 

 is to give from a certain degree of necessity. We give 

 money, clothes, food, or whatever is transferable; 



