246 



THE STANDAKI) DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



I Inclose. Include. A yard IB inclosed by a wall; 

 particular goods are included in a reckoning. 



To Inconvenience. Inim.x. .>lol.-st. \\ incon- 

 venience in small matters, or by omitting such things 

 as might be convenient; we annoy or molest by doing 

 that which i positively painful: we are iBOonvenieneed 

 by a person's absence; we are annoyed by his presence 

 if he renders himself offensive; we are molested by that 

 which is weighty and oppressive; the rude insults of 

 ill-disposed persons may molest. 



I . . 1 1 1 , ! , . , -- , . ( , row. To increase is either a gradual 

 or an instantaneous act; to grow is a gradual pro-e: 

 a stream increases by the Mkfiuon of other \\ater-: but 

 if we say that the river or stream grows, it is supposed to 

 crow by some regular and continual ; 

 fresh water, as from the running in of different rivulets 

 or smaller streams. 



Itxl. In. !. (Hi lined. Indebted is more binding and 

 positive than obliged: we are indebted to whoever con- 

 fers an essential service: we are obliged to him who dors 

 us any \ man is indebted to another for the 



preservation of his life; he is obliged to him for an ordi- 

 nary art of civility. 



Indifferent. I m <>m rrned. Regardless. Indiffer- 

 ent respects only the will, unconcerned either the will or 

 the understanding, regardless the understanding only: 

 we are indifferent about matters of minor consideration; 

 we are unconcerned or regardless about serious matters 

 that have remote consequences; an author will seldom 

 be indifferent about the success of his work; he ought 

 be unconcerned about the influence which his 

 writings may have on the public, or regardless of the 

 e>timatioD in which his own character as a man may be 

 held. 



Indubitable, I nquestionable. Indisputable. Un- 

 deniable. Incontrovertible, Irrefragable, \\li.-n a 

 fact is supported by such evidence as admits of no kind 

 of doubt, it is termed indubitable; when the truth of an 

 assertion re-ts on the authority of a man whose character 

 for integrity stands unimpeached, it is termed unques- 

 tionable authority; when a thing is believed to exist on 

 the evidence of every man's senses, it is termed unde- 

 niable; when a sentiment has always been held as either 

 true or false, without dispute, it is termed indisputable; 

 when arguments have never been controverted, they are 

 termed incontrovertible; and when they have never 

 been satisfactorily answered, they are termed irrefrag- 

 able. 



Indulgent, Fond. Indulgence lies more in forbear- 

 ing from the exercise of authority; fondness in the out- 

 ward behavior and endearments: they may both arise 

 from an excess of kindness or love; an indulgent parent 

 is seldom a prudent parent; but a fond parent does not 

 rise above a fool : all who have the care of young people 

 should occasionally relax from the strictness of the dis- 

 ciplinarian and snow an indulgence where a suitable 

 opportunity offers; a fond mother takes away from the 

 value of indulgences by an invariable compliance with 

 the humors of her children. 



Infamous, Scandalous. Infamous and scandalous 

 are both said of that which is calculated to excite great 

 displeasure in the minds of all who hear it, and to degrade 

 the offenders in the general estimation ; but the infamous 

 seems to be that which produces greater publicity, and 

 more general reprehension, than the scandalous; conse- 

 quently is that which is more serious in its nature, and a 

 greater violation of good morals. 



l:i-ini< t. IVa h. To inform is the act of persons in 

 all conditions; to instruct and teach are the acts of su- 

 periors, either on one ground or another: one informs by 

 virtue of an accidental superiority or priority of knowl- 

 edge; one instructs by virtue of superior knowledge or 

 superior station ; one teaches by virtue of superior knowl- 

 rather than of station. 



Information, Intelligence, Notice, Advice. In- 

 formation signifies the tiling of which one is informed: 

 intelligence, to understand, signifies that by which one 

 is made to understand: notice is that which brings a 

 circumstance to our knowledge: advice signifies that 

 which is made known. 



Ingenuity. \\lt. Ingenuity comprehends invention: 

 \MI i- the fruit of the imagination, which forms new and 

 sudden conceptions of things. One is ingenious in mat- 

 ters either of art or science; one is witty only in matters 

 of sentiment. 



Ingenuous, Ingenious. We love the ingenuous 

 character on account of the qualities of his heart; we 

 admire the ingenious man on account of the endowments 

 of bis mind. One is ingenuous as a man, or ingenious as 

 an author: a man confesses an action ingenuously; he 

 defends if, ingeniously. The ingenuous man is frank, 

 candid; the ingenious man is clever, skillful. 



Injustice, Injury, Wrong. The violation of justice, 



or a breach of the rule of right, constitutes the injustice; 

 but the quantum of ill which falls on the person consti- 

 tutes the injury; a wrong partakes both of injustice and 

 injury; it is. in fact, an injury done by one person to 

 another in e\pre.-s violation of justice. 



lnide. Interior. The term inside may be applied 

 to bodies of any magnitude, small or large; interior is 

 peculiarly appropriate to bodies of great magnitude. 

 We may speak of the inside of a nutshell, but not of its 

 interior. The interior of the church was beautifully 

 decorated. 



To Insinuate, Ingratiate, A person who insinuates 

 adopts every art to steal into the good-will of another; 

 but he who ingratiates adopts unart ilicial means to con- 

 ciliate good-wuj. 



Insinuation, Reflection. An insinuation always 

 deals in half words; a reflection is commonly open. 

 They are both leveled at the individual with no good 

 intent ; but the insinuation is general, and may be em- 



8 loved to convey any unfavorable sentiment; the re- 

 ection is particular, and commonly passes between 

 intimates and persons in close connection. 



To Insist, Persist. Both these terms being derived 

 from the Latin " sisto," to stand, express the idea of rest- 

 ing or keeping to a thing; but insist signifies to rest on a 

 point, and persist signifies to keep on with a thing, to 

 carry it through. We insist on a matter by maintaining 

 it; we persist in a thing by continuing to do it. 



Insolvency, Failure, Bankruptcy. Insolvency is 

 a state; failure, an act flowing out of that state; and 

 bankruptcy an effect of that act. Insolvency is a con- 

 dition of not being able to pay one's debts; failure is a 

 cessation of business, from the want of means to carry 

 it on; and bankruptcy is a legal surrender of all one's 

 remaining goods into the hands of one's creditors, in con- 

 sequence of a real or supposed insolvency. 



Instant, Moment. A dutiful child comes the instant 

 he is called; a prudent person embraces the favorable 

 moment. When they are both taken for the present 

 time, instant expresses a much shorter space than mo- 

 ment. 



Insurrection, Sedition, Rebellion, Revolt. There 

 may be an insurrection against usurped power, which is 

 always justifiable; but sedition and rebellion are leveled 

 against ppwer universally ackn9wledged to be legitimate. 

 Insurrection is always open; it is a rising up of many 

 in a mass; but it does not imply any concerted, or any 

 specifically active measure; rebellion is the consumma- 

 tion of sedition; the scheme of opposition which has 

 been digested in secrecy breaks out into open hostilities, 

 and becomes rebellion; revolt is mostly taken either in 

 an indifferent or a good sense for resisting a foreign do- 

 minion which has been imposed by force of arms. 



Intellect, Genius, Talent. Intellect is the intellec- 

 tual power improved and exalted by cultivation and ex- 

 ercise; in this sense we speak of a man of intellect, or 

 a work that displays great intellect; genius is the par- 

 ticular bent of the intellect which is born with a man, as 

 a genius for poetry, painting, music, etc.; talent is a 

 particular mode of intellect which qualifies its possessor 

 to do some things better than others, as a talent for learn- 

 ing languages, a talent for the stage, etc. 



Interchange, Exchange, Reciprocity. Inter- 

 change is an act; -reciprocity is an abstract property: 

 by an interchange of sentiment, friendships are en- 

 gendered ; the reciprocity of good services is what renders 

 them doubly acceptable to those who do them, and to 

 those who receive them. 



Interest, Concern. We have an interest in what- 

 ever touches or comes near to our feelings or our external 

 circumstances; we have a concern in that which de- 

 mands our attention; interest is that which is agreeable; 

 concern, on the other hand, is something involuntary or 

 painful. 



Interval, Respite. The term interval respects time 

 only; respite includes the idea of ceasing from action for 

 a time: intervals of ease are a respite to one who is op- 

 pressed with labor. 



Intervention, Interposition. The light of the moon 

 is obstructed by the intervention of the clouds; the life 

 of an individual is preserved by the interposition of a 

 superior. 



To Intrude, Obtrude. It is intrusion to go into 

 any society unasked and undesired; it is obtruding to 

 put one's self in the way of another by joining the com- 

 pany and taking a part in the conversation without in- 

 vitation or consent. 



Invalid, Patient. An invalid is so denominated 

 from his wanting his ordinary share of health and strength, 

 but the patient is one who is laboring under some bodily 

 suffering. 



To Invest, Endue, or Endow. One is invested with 

 that which is external; one is endued with that which 



