LAXCTAdE 



249 



existed in fore times; the fresh is that which is so new 

 as not to be the worse for use. or that which has not 

 been before used or employed; the recent is that which 

 is so new as to appear as it it were just made or .done. 



News, Tidings. News is unexpected; it serves to 

 gratify idle curiosity; tidings are expected; they serve 

 to allay anxiety. In time of war the public are eager 

 after news; and they who have relatives in the army 

 are anxious to have tidings of them. 



To Nominate, Name. To nominate and to name 

 are both to mention by name; but the former is to 

 mention for a specific purpose; the latter is to mention 

 for general purposes; persons only are nominated; 

 things as well as persons are named; one nominates a 

 person in order to propose him, or appoint him, to an 

 office; but one names a person casually, in the course 

 versation, or one names him in order to make 

 some inquiry respecting him. We remark things as 

 matters of fart; we observe them in order to judge of, 

 or draw conclusions from. them. 



'i i. v.tiii-. Remark* Observe. To notice is a more 

 cursory action than to remark; we may notice a thing 

 by a single glance, or on merely turning one's head; 

 :emark supposes a reaction of the mind on an 

 object. We observe things in order to judge of, or draw 

 conclusions from. them. 



Numeral. Numerical. Numeral, or belonging to 

 number, is applied to a class of words in grammar, as 

 a numeral adjective or a numeral noun; numerical, or 

 containing number, is applied to whatever other objects 

 respect number; as a numerical difference, where the 

 ditfereii. between any two numbers, or is 



-ed by numbers. 



Obedient. Submissive, Obsequious. One is obedi- 

 ent to command, submissive to power or the will, obse- 

 quious to persons. Obedience is always taken in a good 



To Object, Oppose. To object to a thing is to pro- 

 pose or start something against it; but to oppose it is 

 to set one's self up steadily against it. 



Obnoxious, Offensive. In the sense of giving 

 offense, obnoxious implies aa much as hateful, offensive 

 little more than displeasing: a man is obnoxious to a 

 party, whose interest or principles he is opposed to; 

 i.e offensive to an individual merely on account 

 of his manners or any particular actions. 



To Ob>er\e, >Vat< h. \\ observe a thing in order 

 to draw an inference from it; we watch anything in 

 order to discover what may happen; we observe with 

 coolness; we watch with eagerness. 



ion. Opportunity. The occasion is that which 

 determines our conduct, and leaves us no choice; it 

 amounts to a degree of necessity; the opportunity is that 

 which invites 19 action; it tempts us to embrace the 

 moment for taking the step. 



Occasional, < a-u:il. Occasional carries with it 

 more the idea of unfre<iuency. and casual that of unfix- 

 edness. or the absence of all design. Our acts of charity 

 may be occasional; l>ut they ought i\<>\ to he casual. 



nituiiriis. Economical! Saving. SparinR. 

 Thrifty, Penurious. Niggard!/. To be economical 

 D those who nave but narrow means; he 

 who is saving when young will be avaricious when old; 

 ,'inu out of that which ought to be spent; 

 thrift v is accumulating by means of saving; penurious 

 is suffering as from penury by means of saving; nig- 

 gardly is nt spending or letting go but in the smallest 

 possible quantities. 



Offender, Delinquent. Those who go into a wrong 

 place are offender*, those who stay away when they 

 out'ht to go are delimiu. 



Offspring. Progeny, Issue. Offspring is a familiar 

 term applicable to one or many dnl'lren; progeny is 

 npJoyed only as a collect ivr noun fur a numl" 

 is used in an indefinite manner without particular regard 

 to Dumber. When we speak of the children tin 

 we denominate them the offspring: when we speak of 

 the parents, we denominate die children their progeny. 

 The issue is said only in regard to a man that is deceased ; 

 his property descends to his male issue in a <lire. t hue. 



Omen. Prognostic, Presage. The omen an. I |.r.. K - 

 re both drawn from external ol.jeci . tdr presage 

 is drawn from one'-* ( ,wn fH'litiK; the omen , 

 from object- that have no ncce-sar\ \\ith the 



thine they are made to represent; it i- tlie fruit of the 

 imagina 'prognostic 



on the contrary, is a sign which partakes in some degree 

 [Uality of the tiring denotefl. 



opini ,t, <| or <)pmi.,t.\. . < on. i 



An opiniated man i- n. .t onlv futi'l .-pinion. 



but full of his own opinion; he has an opinion on every- 

 thing, which i- the best possible opinion; n conceited 

 man has a conceit or an idle fond opinion of his own 



talent; it is not only high in competition with others, 

 but it is so high as to be set above others; the egoistical 

 man makes himself the darling theme of his own con- 

 templation ; he admires and loves himself to that degree 

 that he can talk and think of nothing else; the option 

 ! or the power of choosing is given; tne choice itself is 

 j made: hence we say a thing is at a person's option, or 

 i it is his own option, or the option is left to him, in order to 

 I designate his freedom of choice more strongly than is 

 I expressed by the word choice itself. 



Orifice, Perforation. These terms are both scien- 

 tifically employed to designate certain cavities in the 

 human body; but the former respects that which is 

 natural, the latter that which is artificial: all the vessels 

 of the human body have their orifices, which are so con- 

 structed as to open or close of themselves. Surgeons 

 are frequently obliged to make perforations into the 

 bones. 



Outward, External, Exterior. Outward, or in- 

 clined to the out. after the manner of the out. indefinitely 

 describes the situation; external is employe* 1 only in 

 regard to such objects as are conceived to be independent 

 of man as a thinking being: hence, we may speak of the 

 outward part of a building, of a board, and the like; 

 but of external objects acting on the mind, or of an ex- 

 ternal agency; when we speak of anything which has two 

 coats, it is usual to designate the outermost by the name 

 of the exterior. 



To Paint, Depict. To paint is employed either 

 literally to represent figures on paper, or to represent 

 circumstances and events by means of words; to depict 

 is used only in this latter sense, but the former word ex- 

 presses a greater exercise of the imagination than the 

 latter: it is the art of the poet to paint nature in lively 

 colors; it is the art of the historian or narrator to depict 

 a real scene of misery in strong colors. 



Part? Piece, Patch. Things may be divided into 

 parts without any express separation; but when divide.! 

 into pieces they are actually cut asunder: hence we may 

 speak of a loaf as divided into twelve parts when it is con- 

 ceived only to be so; and divided into twelve pieces 

 when it is really so; the patch is that which is always 

 broken and disjointed, a something imperfect: many 

 things may be formed out of a piece; but the patch only 

 serves to fill up a chasm. 



Particular, Individual. Particular is much more 

 specific than individual; the particular confines us to 

 one object only of many; but individual may be said of 

 any one object among many. 



Peace, Quiet, Calm. Tranquillity. Peace implies 

 an exemption from public or private broils; quiet im- 

 plies a freedom from noise or interruption; calm is a 

 species of quiet, which resects objects in the natural 

 or the moral world; it indicates the absence of violent 

 motion as well as violent noise; it is that state which 

 more immediately succeeds a state of agitation; tran- 

 quillity expresses the situation as it exists in the present 

 moment, independently of what goes before or after: 

 it is sometimes applicable to society, sometimes to natural 

 objects, and sometimes to the mind. 



Pellucid, Transparent. Pellucid is said of that 

 which is pervious to the light, or of that into which the 

 i eye can penetrate; transparent is said of that which i* 

 throughout bright: a stream is pellucid; it admits of 

 the light so as to reflect objects but it is not transparent 

 for the eye. 



To Perpetrate. Commit. One may commit offenses 

 of various degrees and magnitude; hut one perpetrates 

 crimes only, and those of the more heinous kind. 



Pillar, < oluiiin. The word pillar is the most general 



m it- applical ion to any structure, whether rude or ot her- 



; wise; tin- term column, on the other hand, is applied to 



whatever i> ornamental, as the Itccian order of columns. 



Piteous, ioi, ,,,!. Woful, i: .mi. Piteous is ap- 

 plicable to ones external expression of lxxl.lv or mental 

 pain; a child makes piteous lamentations when it nuffem 

 lor hunger, or has lost its way; doleful applies to those 

 soun-is whu-h convev the idea of pain; there is some- 

 thing doleful m the tolling of n funeral U-ll or m the sound 

 of a muflled drum: woful applies to the cirrumsU 

 and situation* of men; a seene i- woful in which we 

 ness a large family of young children Buffering 



I horror- of -icU ness and want: ni 

 to the outward m<li. ations of inward sorrow 

 the looks or countenance. 



IMI\. < onip.iss,oii. i- excited principally by 



the weakness or degraded condition of theMibJect; corn- 

 ion by hi- uncontrollable and inevitable misfortunes. 

 a>fiil. (.aim-some. x, M ,rtl\e. IMavful in appli- 



i to youth or childhood, when there is the greatest 

 dteposiUoa to play. QMMMOM and -I-TUVC :ir e ..,,. 

 ,.: ,.i ,,, penonfl 9 mpum rears; E bonei m the ..-,.! 

 sense, and the latter in the good sense. A person may 



