LANGUAGE 



251 



put for the sake of obtaining an answer; but the former 

 ma> be for a reasonable or unreasonable cause; a query 

 is mostly a rational question: idlers may put questions 

 from mere curiosity; learned men put queries for the 

 sake of information. 



Radiance, Brilliancy. Radiance denotes the emis- 

 sion of rays, and is, therefore, peculiarly applicable to 

 bodies naturally luminous, like the heavenly bodies; 

 and brilliancy denotes the whole body of Unlit emitted, 

 and may. therefore, be applied equally to natural and 

 artificial light. 



K i-hness, Temerity. lla-Hness, Precipitancy. 

 Rashness is a general and indefinite term, in the significa- 

 tion of which an improper celerity is the leading idea: 

 in the signification of temerity, the leading idea i- \\:u.' 

 It-ration, springing mostly from an overweening 

 confidence, or a presumption of character; hastiness and 

 precipitancy are but modes or characteristics of rashness, 

 and consequently employed only in particular cases, as 

 hastiness in regard to our movements, and precipitancy 

 in regard to our measures. 



Rapacious. Ravenous. Voracious. Rapacious is 

 the quality peculiar to beasts of prey, or what is like 

 beasts of prey. A lion is rapacious when it seizes on its 

 prey; it is ravenous in the act of consuming it. The 

 word ravenous respects the haste with which one eats; 

 the word voracious respects the quantity which one 

 consumes: a ravenous person is loath to wait for the 

 dressing of his food ; he consumes it without any prepara- 

 voracious person not only eats in haste, but he 

 consumes great quantities, and continues to do so for a 

 long time. 



Ready. Apt, Prompt. Ready is in general applied 

 to that which has been intentionally prepared for a given 

 purpose; prompt is applied to that winch is at hand so 

 as to answer the immediate purpose; apt is applied to 

 that which is fit, or from its nature has a tendency to 

 produce efi- 



To Reclaim. Reform. Reclaim signifies to call 

 back to its right place that which has gone astray; re- 

 form signifies to form anew that which has changed its 

 form: they are allied only in their application to the 

 moral character. A man is reclaimed from his vicious 

 courses by the force of advice or exhortation; he may 

 be reformed by various means, external or internal. 



To Ke< line. Repo-e. When we recline we put OUr- 

 selves into a particular position; but when we repose 

 we put ourselves into that position which will be most 



'TO 



u Recover, Retrieve. Repair, Recruit. We re- 

 pair that which has been injured; we recruit that which 

 has been diminished; we recover property from those 

 who wish to deprive us of it; we retrieve our misfor- 

 tunes, or our lost reputation. 



|{< < o\ery. Restoration. Recovery (v. to recover) 

 is the regaining of any object which has been lost or 

 missing; restoration is the getting back what has been 

 taken away, or that of which one has been deprived. 

 What is recovered may be recovered with or without 

 the use of means; the restoration is effected by foreign 

 agency. 



Id form. Reformation. Whatever undergoes such 

 a change as to give a new form to an object occasions 

 a reform; when such a change is produced in the moral 

 character, it is termed a reformation: the concerns of a 

 state require occasional reform; those of an individual 

 require reformation. 



To Relax, Remit. In regard to our attempts to act. 

 we may speak of relaxing our endeavors, and remitting 

 our labors or exertions; in repaid to our dealings with 



iy speak of relaxing in discipline. 



in the severity or strictness of our conduct, of remitting 

 a punmhment or a send 



I., i: !' - ::. |< rt. Repel, Kehnff. We 



refuse what is asked of us, for want of inclination to 

 comply; we decline what is proiM.sed from motives of 

 discretion; we reject what is offered to us, because it 

 fall in with our views; i,, repel is to reject with 

 violence; to rebuff i- to refuse with contempt, or what 

 may be considered as Midi. 



l o K.-peai. 1C. it. . i: .Mul. it.-. To 



to repeat in a formal manner; to rehearwc is to 



repeat or recite by way of preparation; to recapitulate 



is to repeat the chapters or principal heads of any diit- 



c,,ur-e. 



To Repress, Rf.fr.iin. -uppresH. To repress is to 

 press back or down : to restrain in to M rain back or down ; 

 ,he former is the general. (h< 



We always repress when we rent ram. )>ut not vipe veroa. 

 Repress is used mostly for prancing down, no an to keep 

 that inward which wants to make, it* appearance; 

 restraint is an habitual repression by which a thmn i- 

 kept in a state of lowness; to suppress, which is to 



keep under, or keep from appearing or being percep- 

 tible, is also said in respect of ourselves or others: as 

 to repress one's feelings; to suppress laughter, sighs etc. 



Reproach, Contumely. Obloquy. The Idea of 

 contemptuous or angry treatment of others is common 

 to all these terms; but reproach is the general, contumely 

 and obloquy are the particular terms. Reproach is 

 either deserved or undeserved ; the name of Puritan is 

 applied as a term of reproach to such as affect greater 

 purity than others; contumely is always undeserved; 

 it is the insolent swelling of a worthless person against 

 merit in distress; obloquy is always supposed to be 

 deserved or otherwise; it is applicable to those whose 

 conduct has rendered them objects of general censure, 

 and whose name, therefore, lias almost become a reproach. 



Restore. Return. Repay. We restore upon a prin- 

 ciple of equity; we return upon a principle of justice 

 and honor; we repay upon a principle of undeniable 

 right. We cannot always claim that which ought to 

 be restored; but we cannot only claim, but enforce the 

 claim in regard to what is to be returned or repaid. 



To Retard, Hinder. \\ < retard or make slow the 

 progress of any scheme toward completion; we hinder 

 or keep back the person who is completing the scheme: 

 we retard a thing, therefore, often by hindering the 

 person; but we frequently hinder a person without 

 expressly retarding. 



Right. < 1. 1 im. Privilege. Right, in its full sense. 

 is altogether an abstract thing which is indep-- 

 human laws and regulations: claims and privileges are 

 altogether connected with the establishments of civil 

 society. We have often a claim to a thing which is not 

 in our power to substantiate; and. on the other hand, 

 claims are set up in cases which are totally unfounded 

 on any right; privileges are rights granted to individuals. 

 depending either upon the will of the grantor, or the 

 circumstances of the receiver, or both; privileges are, 

 therefore, partial rights transferable at the discretion 

 of persons individually or collectively. 



Royal, Regal, Kingly. Royal signifies belonging 

 to a king, in its most general sense; regal 

 appertaining to a king, in its particular appl 

 kingly signifies properly like a king. A royal carnage, 

 a royal residence, royal authority, all designate the 

 general and ordinary appurtenances of a king; regal 

 government, regal state, regal power denote the pwuliar 

 properties of a king; kingly always implies what is 

 becoming a king, or after the manner of a king: a kingly 

 CM>WM is such as a king ought to wear. 



Rural, Rustic. Kmal applies to all country objects 

 except man; it is, therefore, always connected with the 

 charms of nature: rust ic applies only to persons, or what 

 is personal, in the country, and is, therefore, always 

 associated with the want of culture. 



Safe. Secure. \\ e may be safe without using any 

 particular measures; but none can reckon on any decree 

 of security without great precaution: a person may be 

 It on the top of a coach, in the daytime; but if 

 he ui-h to secure himself, at night, from falling off, he 

 must be fastened. 



>.ilnt>-, salutation. Greeting. A salute may con- 

 sist either of a won! or an action; salutations pass from 

 one friend to another: the salute may he either direct 

 or indirect; the salutation is a iu "id iwrsonal; 



guns are fired by way of a salute; bows are given m the 

 way of a salutation; greeting is frequently a particular 

 mode of salutation adopted <>n extraordinary occasion*, 

 indicative of great joy or satisfaction in thone who 



[net. 



- l,,,t 



i.. Battify, Pie***, ....nf>. What 

 always calculated to PMUMJ nor is that which 

 that which will alu : plain food HJI 



hungry person, but do not please him when he is not 

 hungry; to gratify is to pleaae in a high degree, to pro- 

 duce a vivid pleasure: we may be pleased with mM.--. 

 but we are commonly gratified with such things as act 

 strongly either on the senses or the n flections, 



s,.;uii.ni. \\aieriiiaii. sailor, Mariner, Ml tbene 

 ienote persons occupied in navigation: the Ma- 

 man, as the word implies, follows hin bunnies* on the Ma; 

 the waterman is one who get* his livelihood on frenh 

 water; the sailor and the mariner are U.th 



terms to designate the neaman : every nailor and manner 

 is a seaman; although every seamin in nqt a nailor or 

 mariner; the former in one who in employed abort the 

 laborious part of the vewl; the latter is one who trav- 

 erses the ocean to and fro. who is attached to the water, 

 and passe* hin life upon it. 



x,.rrrl. II,. |,|, n. I.., !,.,,(. (I., nil. M^:. 

 What in necn to some one; what in hidden 



may be known to no one: it rests in the breast of an 



individual to keep n thing forrct ; ,t . I of lends on the 



course of thing* if anything remains hidden. The latent 

 is the secret or concealed, in cases where it ought to be 



