LITERATURE 



345 



Angelica. AD infidel princess of exquisite beauty 

 in Bojardo's "Orland Innamorato" and Ariosto's "Or- 

 lando Furioso." 



Angelas Domini. A prayer pf the Roman Catholic 

 Church, embodying a passage in Scripture beginning 

 with those words. It was ordered by Pope John XXII.. 

 in 1326, to be repeated three times a day. morning. 

 noon, and night, when the church-bell gives the people 

 warning. 



An-tiph'o-lus of Eph'e-sus, An-tlph'o-lus of 

 S\ r a-cii-**. Twin brothers, sons to ^Egeon and ./Emi- 

 lia, in Shakespere's "Comedy of Errors." 



An-to'nl-o. (1) The "Merchant of Venice" in 

 Shakespere's play of that name, the friend to Bassanio, 

 and the obiect of Shylock's hatred. (2) The usurping 



ect 



Duke of Milan, and brother to Prospero, in Shakespere's 

 "Tempest." (3) The father of Proteus, in Shakespere's 

 "Two Gentlemen of Verona." (4) A minor character 

 in Shakespere's "Much Ado about Nothing." (5) A 

 sea-captain, friend to Sebastian, in Shakespere's "Twelfth 

 " 



Night. 

 Antony 



and Cleopatra. Historical tragedy by 



Shakespere which may be considered as a continuation 

 of Julius Caesar. In the opening scene of Julius Caesar 

 absolute power is lodged in one man. In the conclu- 

 sion of Antony and Cleopatra a second Caesar is again 

 in possession of absolute power and the entire Roman 

 world is limited under one imperial ruler. There are 

 four prominent characters in this 'play: Cleopatra. 

 voluptuous, fascinating, gross in her faults, but great 

 in the power of her affections; Octavius Capsar, cool, 

 prinlent, calculating, avaricious; Antony, quick, brave. 



Ar'den, Enoch. The hero of Tennyson's poem of 

 the same name, a seaman who is wrecked on an unin- 

 habited. tropical island, where he spends many years. 

 and who returns home at last only to find that his wife, 

 believing him to be dead, has married his old play- 

 fellow and rival, and is prosperous and happy. In a 

 spirit of heroic self-sacrifice, he determines not to un- 

 deceive her, and soon dies of a broken heart. 



Ar'eher. Beaux* Stratagem, Farquhar. A serv- 

 ant to Aimwell and an amusing fellow. 



Ar-chl-ma'go or Ar'chl-mage. Faery Queen, 

 the 



l-mage. 



name implies a hypocrite or deceiver. 

 " Faery Queen," and is opposed 

 holiness embodied in the Red Cross Knight. He 



Spencer. As 



He is an enchanter in the 



wins the confidence of the knight in the disguise of a 

 reverend hermit, and by the help of Duessa, or Deceit, 

 separates him from Una, or Truth. 



Ar-ol'te. Palamon and Arcite. Chaucer. Pala- 

 mon and Arcite in the first story tola by Chaucer in his 

 "Canterbury Tales." Chaucer borrowed this story 

 from Boccacio, who, in his turn, borrowed it from a more 

 ancient mediaeval tale. Dryden later put the same 

 story into verse. Dryden pronounced the word Ar*cite' 

 or Ar-ci-te'. Arcite, a young Theban knight, made 

 prisoner by Duke Thesus, is shut up in a prison in 

 Athens with Palamon. Both the captives fafl in love 

 with Emily, the Duke's sister-in-law. Both gain their 

 liberty and Emily is promised by the duke to the one 

 who wins in a tournament. Arcite wins but is killed 

 by a fall from a horse and Emily marries Palamon. 

 This story is better known through Dryden's "Palamon 

 and Arcite." 



reckless, prodigal; "Enobarbus. a friend' 'of Antony, at j Ar-e-thu'sa. The name of a sylph in Pope's "Rape 



first jocular and blunt, but transformed by penitence of the Lock." 



Argalla. Orlando Innamorato, Bojardo. A 



into a grief -stricken man who dies in the bitterness of 



despair. I brother to Angelica in this romantic poem. He is 



Aonian Mount. Milton says his muse is to soar celebrated as the possessor of an enchanted lance which 

 above "the Aonian Mount," i. e., above the flight of threw whomsoever it touched. Ferrau eventually 

 fal>le and classic themes, because his subject was "Jeho- | killed him, and Astolfo obtained the lance, 

 vah, lord of all." Ar-mi'da. Jerusalem Delivered, Tasso. The 



Ap'e-man'tus. A churlish philosopher in Shake- 

 spere's play, "Timon of Athens. 



Apocalypse. The Greek name of the last book of 

 the New Testament, termed in English "Revelations." 

 It has been generally attributed to the Apostle St. John, 

 but some wholly reject it as spurious. In the first 



centuries many churches disowned it, and in the Fourth 

 Century it was excluded from the sacred canon by the 

 council of Laodicea, but was again received by other 

 councils, and confirmed by that of Trent, held in the 

 year 1545. Most commentators suppose it to have been 

 written after the destruction of Jerusalem, about A. D. 

 96; while others assign it an earlier date. Its figures 

 and symbols are impressive. 



\P.M r.\ pha. The word originally meant secret or 

 hidden and it is said that the books of the Apocrvpha 

 are not found in either the Chaldean or the Hebrew 

 language. These books were not in the Jewish canon, 

 but they were received as canonical by the Catholic 

 Church, by the Council of Trent. The apocryphal 

 are ten in number: Baruch, Ecclesiasticu*. 

 Wisdom of Solomon, Tobit. Judith, two books of the 

 Maccabees. Song of the Three Children. Susannah, and 

 Bell and the Dragon. Their style proves that they 

 were a part of the Jewish-Greek literature of Alexandria, 

 within three hundred years before Christ; and as the 

 Septuagmt Greek version of the Hebrew Bible came 

 from the same quart 

 these Greek writing* 

 No trace 



most important character in this poem. 



Ar-nolphe'. L'Ecole des Femmes, Moller*. 

 A selfish and morose cynic. 



Ar'ga-lus. An unhappy lover in Sir Philip Sidney's 

 "Arcadia." 



Ar'tran. The hero of Moliere's comedy "Le Malade 

 Imaginaire." 



Ar-ga-11'a. A brother to Angelica, in Bojardo's 

 "Orlando Innamorato." He is celebrated as th.> i*s- 

 sessor pf an enchanted lance which overthrew whom- 

 soever it touched. 



A'rl-el. In the denomology of the Cabala, a water 

 spirit; in the fables of the Middle Ages, a spirit of the 

 air, the guardian angel of innocence; in Shakespere's 

 "Tempest," an airy and tricksy spirit, once imprisoned 

 in a tree but released by Prospero and now becomes his 

 'r, assuming any shape, or rendering himself 

 invisible, in order to execute the commands of his master. 



Ar-l-o-dan'tes. A lover in Arioetos* "Orlando 

 Furioso." 



Arml'da. Jerusalem I)-li\ . r. <!. I .1 --... \ 

 tiful sorceress with whom Uinaldo fell in love. By a 

 talisman he is disenchanted. Not being able to allure 

 him back, Armida rushes into the midst of a combat 

 and is slain. 



Ar'oun-dlKlit. The sword of Lancelot of the Lake. 



Ar-sln'oe. Ix> Misanthrope, Mollcrt. A prudish 

 character in this comedy. 



Vi t. -gal, also written Artcgall. ArthcKal, and 

 Artegale. (1) A legendary king of Briton mentioned 



quarter, it was often accompam. I |, v 

 ting*, and they gained a general circu- 



w viwJC Ot liiCin IB found in tnc I&llTlUu \ ./\ n**i;.tn* vi/ f\ T%ryuTie*rjr IIIK *-'i IMIUMI JIM-II 1 1< MM^I 



they are mostly of legendary character, but some of j by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his chronicles and by 



them are of value for the historical information. f..r Milton -ry of Britain. (2) A character in 



raj and maxims, and for the illustrations they i Spencer's "Faery Queen" representing justice. (3) The 



give of ancient life. I, .TO m :i , , by William Wordsworth, entitled " Arte- 



\I>..||\OM. \;, evil -pint introduced by Bnnyan in 

 iis allegorical romance. "Pfbnrtm's Praamm. ' RAM 



his allegorical romance, "Pilgrim's Progress. See 



HI. 



Vr.,1,1,.. IflfffaU I .i.i.-ri.iiiiiiM-Mis. consisting of 

 inan.l nn.l one stories, told by the Sultana of 



-. t., .hv.-rt t hi- Milt.-m from the execut 

 bloody vow he had made to marry a lady 

 and have her head cut off n-\t m..n,mi;. to avenge in hi- 



If for the dinloyalty of thr ma. The 



story on which all the others hang is fnmihnr. Schehe- 



gal and Bud 



\rll.nr. King 



tradition*. The Arthur of 

 was a warrior chieftain ruling over 



A poetical character, based on hi- 

 old Welsh bards 



war-like 



thing to this picture until the Arthur of mo,i,-rn i 



1 in-tian gentleman as Tennyson picture* him 

 Mit" surrounded l>\ hm chival- 

 PMIH kmirht*. all bound together m one quest, the 



reiade. I's'bnmiful young daughW oTIV \ , i . .... Kmnanrr*. These may be divided into 



VI/.HT. hkc another Esther, resolves to risk her hfr m *.\ me* of the "San Orani 



*nve tho i v whom tl '.rim. 11 which c.-lebrates the birth and exploits 



Sultan is marrying an<l Wheeling at the rate of one i: Arthur. CD "The Launcelot." (4) The 



-he plans to tell an interesting story each ni K ht m>nrrli "Mort 



'iltan. breaking off in 



iltan may be tempted to spare her life Arthur** I>n 

 o that he may hear the sequel. from t in* horn w 



our could drink 



er unchaste or unfaithful. 



