LITERATURE 



359 



egregious family, who is an ardent Bonapartist and- Irish 

 patriot. 



Funk, Peter. A person employed at petty auctions 

 to bid on articles put up for sale, in order to raise their 

 price; probably so called from such a name having fre- 

 quently been given when articles were brought in. 



I n- ho-. I topia. Sir Thorna- Mooro. Minister 

 of state to Artaxaminous, King of Utopia. 



I > rapel. Sir. The leopard, the nearest kinsman of 

 King Lion, in the beast epic of "Reynard the Fox" 



bri-el. The name of an angel described in the 

 ures as charged with the ministration of comfort 

 Miipathy to man. In the New Testament, he is 

 the herald of good tidings, declaring the coming of the 

 Messiah and of his forerunner. In Jewish 

 .'iristian tradition he is one of the seven archangels, 

 el has the reputation, among the Rabbins, of being 

 inguished linguist, having taught Joseph the seventy 

 languages spoken at Babel. The Mohammedans hold 

 m even greater reverence than the Jews. He is 

 called the spirit of truth, and is believed to have did 

 the Koran to Mohammed. Milton posts him at "the 

 eastern gate of paradise," as "chief of the angelic guards." 

 keeping watch there. The Talmud describes him as the 

 pnnce of tire, and as the spirit who presides over thunder, 

 il- hill. A companion of Sir John Falstaff, in the 

 Part of Shakespere's "King Henry IV." 

 .al a had. Sir. A celebrated knight of the Round 

 Table who achieved the quest of the Holy Grail. Tenny- 

 son has made him the subject of one of his idylls. 

 In Malory he is also represented as the perfect knight 

 clad in wonderful armor. He was the only knight 

 who could sit in the "Siege Perilous" a seat reserved 

 for the "knight without a flaw," who achieved the 

 quest of the holy grail." 



(..il a pa-. A giant of marvelous height in the army 



of Lucius, King 01 Rome. He was slain by King Arthur. 



<..il-a-te'a. A sea nymph beloved by the Cyclops 



Polyphemus, who in his jealous rage destroyed her 



'vis with a rock torn from the mountain side. 



.ilhert in his drama "Pygmalion and Galatea" 



represents the artist as creating a piece of sculpture so 



perfect that he loves it with such a passion that he 



awakens it into life. 



Ga-laph'-ro-ne or Gal'a-f rnn. A king of Cathay 

 and father of Angelica in Bojardo's "Orlando Innam- 

 orato" and Ariosto's "Furioso." 



(.amp, Mrs. A nurse who is a prominent character 

 in iMckens's novel of "Martin Chuzzlewit." She is cele- 

 brated for her constant reference to a certain Mrs. 

 Harris, a purely imaginary person, for whose feigned 

 opinions and utterances she professes the greatest 

 respect, in order to give the more weight to her own. 

 (..in. (.a-n.--lo lie, (.a rie -Ion' or Ga'no. A count 

 nee. and one of the Paladins of Charlemagne, 

 whom he betrayed at the battle of nonces valles; always 

 represented as a traitor, engaged in intrigues for the 

 destruction of Christianity. He figures in the romantic 

 poems of Italy, and is placed by Dante in his "Inferno." 

 . an.l. T-( leimli, "folly-cliff." that mysterious place 

 where a person makes a goose of himself, in "Tales of 



r Walter Scott. 



(..in . ion. The character of Sir Ganelon was marked 

 pite, dissimulation, and intrigue, but he was 

 . obstinate, and enduring. He loved solitude, 

 disbelieved in the existence of moral good, and has be- 

 come a by-word for a false and faithless friend. Dante 

 has placed him in his " Inferno." 



ia, Pedro. A mythical personage, of whom 

 mention is made in the preface to Gil Bias, in which is 

 how two scholars of Salamanca discovered a 

 tombstone with the inscription, "Here lies interred 

 the soul of the Licentiate Pedro Garcia," and h.. <>n 

 digging beneath the atone, was found a leathern purse 

 containing a hundred ducats. 



ih. In Arthurian romance a knight of the 



Hound Table, who WS first a scullion in Km*; Arthur s 



. but afterwards became champion of the Lady 



r I vnette. whose sister Liones, or Lyonora, he 



d from Castle Perilous. 



i.n.ii.-. The mother of Gargantua in Rabelais' 

 celebrated romance of this name. 



Gr-gan'tn- ... hero of Rabelais' celebrated 



romance of the same name, a gigs 



many wonderful stories ai_ 

 for several centurim. and at last begot a son, Pantagruel, 

 as wonderful as himself. The" Pleasant Story of the 

 Giant Gargantua and of his Son Pantagruel." so satirized 

 the monastic order* of hin titne that it wan (MOVBOtd 

 by the spiritual authorities. Francis I., howe% 

 tected the author, and allowed him to print the third 

 part of it in 1545. 



Gargan'tuan. Enormous, inordinate, great beyond 

 all limits. The word refers to the hero of the romance 

 Gargantua. 



Gar'irery. Mrs. Joe. Great Expectations, Dick- 

 ens. Pip's sister. A virago, who kept her husband 

 and Pip in constant awe. Joe Gargery, a blacksmith, 

 married to Pip's sister. A noble-hearted, simple- 

 minded young man, who loved Pip sincerely. Joe 

 Gargery was one of nature's gentlemen. 



Caspar or Caspar (the white one), one of the 

 three Magi or kings of Cologne. His offering to the 

 infant Jesus was frankincense, in token of divinity. 



Gaunt. Griffith. Hero of a novel by Charles Reade, 

 of same title. 



Gavotte'. Name given to a certain dance common 

 among people in the upper Alps. 



(Ja \\ain. Sir. A nephew of King Arthur, and one 

 of the most celebrated knights of the Round Table ; 

 noted for his sagacity and wonderful strength. He was 

 surnamed "the courteous." His brothers were Agra- 

 vaine, Gaheris, and Gareth. 



Ge'bir. A legendary Eastern prince, said to have 

 invaded Africa and to have given his name to Gibraltar. 

 He is the subject of a poem of the same name by Walter 

 Savage Landor. 



Gael'lat-ley. Da'vle. The name of a poor fool in 

 Sir Walter Scott's novel of "Waverlev." 



Gen'e-vieve'. (1) The heroine of a ballad by Cole- 

 ridge. (2) Under the form "Genoveva." the name 

 occurs in a German myth as that of the wife of the Count 

 Palatine Siegfried, in the time of Charles Mart el. Upon 

 false accusations her husband gave orders to put her to 

 death, but the servant intrusted with the commission 

 suffered her to escape into the forest of Ardennes, where 

 she lav concealed, until by accident her husband discov- 

 ered her retreat, and recognized her innocence. This 

 legend is often repeated in the folk tales of Germany. 

 Tieck and Miller have given in modern versions and 

 Raupach has made it the subject of a drama. 



Genev'ra. A ladv in Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso." 

 Her honor is impeached, and she is condemned to die 

 unless a champion appears to do combat for her. Her 

 lover, Ariodantes, answers the challenge, kills the false 

 accuser, and weds the dame. Spenser has a similar 

 story in the "Fary Queen." and Shakespere availed 

 himself of the main incident in his comedy of "Much 

 Ado About Nothing." From Italian romance 

 evra" has been taken as subject of "The Mistletoe 

 Bough," by T. Haynes Bay ley. and as both title and 

 subject of a metrical tale by Samuel Rogers, in which 

 he tells of a young ItaMan, who. upon her wedding-day, 

 secreted herself, from motives of frolic, in a self-locking 

 oaken chest, the lid of which shut down and held her 

 captive. Many years afterward the chest was opened 

 and revealed the skeleton. 



Ge'nli. Protecting spirits or tutelar deities analagous 

 to the guardian angels of the Christian faith. The 

 Persian and Indian genii had a corporeal form, which 

 they could change at pleasure. They were not attendant 

 spirits, but fallen angels. They were natural 1\ 

 to man. though compelled sometimes to ser\ - 

 as slaves. The Roman genii were guardian spirits, 

 unseen but helpful. 



Georg'lcs. A bucolic ; mpoaUkm, treating 



of farm-husbandry and the tillage of the soil. I he 

 most famous example of the kind is that by Virgil. 

 31 B. C.. in four books. 



<..--i.niii . Sir. One of the knights of the Round 

 Table. His story is told in Tennyson's " Idylls of the 



i nid." 



(.. t .1 Mmc. A name frequently found in romantic 

 name is said to have been adopted from 

 the heroine. ;th Surrey, whose praises he 



celebrates in a famous sonnet, and who has been the 

 occasion of n versy among his biographer* 



and critics. There is no doubt that t!, 

 Geraldme was an Irish lady named I h.-:.!. 

 gerald. the daughter of Gerald Kitrgermld. Thin nonnet 

 led to the adoption of the name into the class of romantic 



Heroine of a poem by 



(.. . t rude of Wyoming. 

 Thomas Campbell. 



tale en lied 



Giaour. roni tale c*llel 



represented as told by a fisherman, n 

 committed a crime which haunted him 



'The Giaour" in 

 .- ML dbo )..-.d 

 all hie life. See 



Gru'ta Romano mm. P. led by P>rre 

 cheur, prior of the Benedictine Convent of St. E 



I'nn-. A rollertion of ..Id r.mian.-.-. h,rh ha- horn 



storehouse for our best story writers. Sbakespere, 

 Spenser, Cower, and many later writers nave gone to 

 this source. It took its preset* 

 the beginning of the Fourteenth Century, the fou 



