LITERATURE 



377 



of being arrested for felony, when he drowned himself. 



Ouilp. Mrs. \\ife c.-f the dwarf, a young, obedient, 

 and pretty little woman, treated like a dog by her hus- 

 band, whom she loved but more greatly feared. 



Quintessence. "The fifth essence. In the modern 

 and general sense, an epithet applied to an extract 

 which contains the most essential part of anything. It 

 is quite an error to suppose that the word means an 

 essence five times distilled, and that the term came from 

 the alchemists. The ancient Greeks said there are four 

 elements or forms in which matter can exist fire, or 

 the imponderable form; air, or the gaseous form; water, 

 or the liquid form; and earth, or the solid form. The 

 Pythagore'ans added a fifth, which they call "ether." 

 !>tle and pure than fire, and possessed of an orbic- 

 ular motion. This element, which flew upwards at 

 . and out of which the stars were made, was 

 called the "fifth essence"; quintessence, therefore, means 

 the most subtle extract of a body that can be procured. 



(jiiintilliaiix. 1'hese were the disciples of Quintillia. 

 who was said to be a prophetess. These so-called hereti- 

 cal Christians allowed women to become priests and 

 bishops. 



ijumtu- I ixlein. Title of a romance by Jean Paul 

 EUchter ami the name of the principal character. 



(jtiivote. See Don (^uixote. 



(juixote of the North. Charles XII. of Sweden, 

 aometimea called in derision the Madman, was also 

 called the Quixote of the North. 



<jui\oti< . Like Don Quixote, or one who has foolish 

 and impractical schemes a would-be reformer. 



JHOI. Rev. Mr. iv\eril of the Peak, 



Scott. Chaplain to the Duke of Buckingham. 



i{.ni iiiniid. Faery .Queen* Spenser. Queen of the 

 fabled Amazons. Having been rejected by Bellodant 

 4 the Bold," she revenged herself by degrading all the 

 men who fell into her power by dressing them like 

 women, and giving them women's work. 



Kaiimna. Name of heroine and title of romance by 

 Helen Hunt Jackson. Hamona saw the American 

 Indian followed by "civilization" while retreating 

 slowly but surely toward his own extinction, and had 

 herself a share in the tragedy. Hamona is considered 

 the great romance o( Indian life. 



Ra--cla>. An imaginary prince hero of fhe romance 

 liv Dr. Johnson bearing same title. According to the 

 custom of his country, Abyssinia, he was confined in 

 paradise, with the rest of the royal family. This paradise 

 was in the valley 'of Amhara, surrounded by high moun- 

 tains. It had only one entrance, a cavern concealed 

 by woods, and closed by iron gates. He escaped with 

 his sister Nekayah and Imlac the poet, and wandered 

 about to find what condition or rank of life was the 

 most happy. After careful investigation, he. found no 

 lot without its drawbacks, and resolved to return to the 

 " happy vn' 



1C. tud the Strong. Tales of a Wayside Inn, 

 II. \> . Longfellow. The viking who worshiped the 

 old gods and lived by fire and sword. King Olaf went 

 against him sailing from Dronllucm to S:ilten Fjord. 



K.I v n-uood. Bride of l.ammcrmoor. ><ott. 

 I of Ravenswood an old Scotch no)j|cm:m :in<i 

 a decayed royalist. His son Edgar falls in !< 

 Lucy Ashton. daughter of Sir William Ashton, Lord- 

 Keeper of Scotland. The lovers plight 'heir troth, hut 

 Lucy is compelled to marry Frank Hays ton. laird of 

 Bucklaw. The I. Mile, in a tit of insanity, attempts to 

 murder the I Buddies. Bucklaw goes abroad. 



Colonel Ashton. seeing Edgar at the funeral of Lucy. 

 appoints a hostile meeting; and Kdgar. on his way to 

 the place appointed, is lost in the mncksamN. \ 



<! as a curse, hung over the family and was thus 

 fulfilled. 



It. in (loin. Cod, -IH K Random. ->,,,,, ||, !. A young 

 scapegrace in quest of fortune. Al one 



v. again h- r destitution. 



He roams at random, m keeping with hi* name. 



Rapp.H i ni. Mo.tNcsfromaii Manae, Haw- 



. A doctor in whose garden grew strange plants 



* and fragrance were poison. His daughter 



nourished on these odors became poisonous herwclf. 



her lover found an antidote which .she took, but the 



poison meant life and the Utidote meant death t" 



1C.) \ iiioiul. In .1, r it-. linn I>H 

 Raymond was known as the Nestor of the Cru:> 

 slew Aladine. the king of Jerusalem, and planted the 

 >nn standard UI.M the tower of David. 



I*-"' Beotts Daughter of Isaac 



the Jew m love with Ivanhoe. Rebecca, with her father 



and Ivanhoe, as prisoners, are confined in Front de 



if's <.i.stle. Rebecca is taken to the turret chamber 



tie old sibyl, but when Brian de Bois 



i >ert comes to her, she spurns him with heroic dis- 



dain. Ivanhoe. who was suffering from wounds received 

 in a tournament, is nursed by Rebecca. After escape 

 and adventure, and being again prisoner, the Grand 

 Master commands the Jewish maiden to be tried for 

 sorcery, and she demands a trial by combat. The 

 demand is granted, when Brian de Bois Guilbert is 

 appointed as the champion against her; and Ivanhoe 

 undertakes her defense, slays Brian, and Rebecca is set 

 free. In contrast with this strong character, Rowena 

 seems insignificant even when she becomes the bride of 

 Ivanhoe. Scott is said to have named Rebecca from 

 the beautiful Rebecca Grata of Philadelphia, described 

 to him by Washington Irving. 



Red-Cross Knight. The Red-Cross Knight is St. 

 George, the patron saint of England, and. in the obvious 

 and general interpretation, typifies Holiness, or the 

 11 of the spiritual man in religion. In Spenser's 

 " Faery Queen " the task of slaying a dragon was assigned 

 to him as the champion of Una. 



Red '-iraunt let. One of the principal characters in 

 Sir \\alter Scott's novel of the same name, a political 

 enthusiast and Jacobite, who scruples at no means of 

 upholding the cause of the Pretender, and finally accom- 

 panies him into exile. His race bore a fatal mark 

 roeiiihling a horse-shoe which appeared on the face of 

 Red-gauntlet as he frowned when angry. 



Red-Riding- Hood. This nursery tale is. with 

 slight variations, common to Sweden. Germany, and 

 France. In Charles Perrault's "Contes des Fees" it is 

 called "Le Petit Chaperon Rouge." 



KcprcvcntatUe Men. In this work Emerson, more 

 nearly than in any of his other works, gives expression 

 to his system as a whole. The topics are, ( 1 ) Plato, the 

 Philosopher; C_M Swedenborg, the Mystic; CD Montaigne 

 the Skeptic; <4i Shake^pere. the 1'oet ; (.">> Napoleon. 

 the Man of the World; (6) Goethe, the Writ.- 

 mental portraits sketched under these six heads give 

 us Emerson himself, so far as he is capable of being 

 formulated at all. 



Republic. The. A work composed by Plato 400 

 years before Christ. The "Republic" is not. as the 

 title would suggest, a political work, like the "Politics" 

 of Aristotle. The principles and government of an 

 ideal moral organism, of which the rulers shall 1 

 of fully developed and perfectly educated men, is the 

 real subject. In the "Republic" we find the necessity 

 of virtue to the very idea of social life proved in the tot 

 book; then the whole process of a complete moral and 

 scientific education is set forth. It lias been said that 

 the most complete record of the beliefs or opinions of 

 Plato are found in this 



Reveries of a Bachelor. Name of a writing by 

 Mitchell. This "Reveries" is a collection of 

 sketches of life and character, painted in such a dream- 

 like, delicate manner as to make the reader lose for the 

 time being the full consciousness of his own real 

 has called forth a number of imitators more or less suc- 

 cessful, no one of whom, however, is comparable to the 

 original. 



Re. MI ard the Fox. The hero in the beast-epic, a 

 celebrated epic fable of the Middle Ages, belonging to 

 and terminating the series of poems in which "beasts" 

 are the speakers and actors. It is written in Low- 

 Cerman. professedly by a Hinreck van Alckmer, and 

 was printed in the year 1498. Before Jacob Grimm 

 published the results of his lat>orious research** 

 believed that tjie poem printed at l.uUvk in 1498 was 

 the earliest hterarv embodiment . if not t he direct source. 



of the fable, (irimm ha* shown that, in one form or 



he " beast-fable " goes back to the remotest 



,'nty. and is a common inheritance of the Aryan or 



Ind, races. According to many authorities 



prose poem, in im prwent form, is a satire on the 



. i many it. the M.ddle Am-.. 



Oil, typifies the 



baronical elrmci r> lion, the regal. How- 



ever that may he. in the real fable. I. 

 has a constant impulse to deceive and victimise every 

 body, whn .-i :,-i... foe, i rt ;< sib toei . . 



eat strait*, he general h 



v now consulted by general readers M 

 >e-'s version which has been 



ICh.ii y means songs strut 



was origumllv applied to the OOL 



"Odyssey, which at one time were in fragments. Oer- 



tain bards collected together a number of the fragi 



rnourh i,. nata .- oonMi ted 1 Mkd, M i Mftf 



uinstreb saog the deeds of famous heroes. m 



of a female character in 

 ystehes of Paris." It has acquired a 

 :y, and is used as a synonym of "gri- 



