LITERATURE 



lectual convulsion, when the nation began to assert its 

 free/lorn from the fetters of an artificial literary spirit. 

 The period derives its name from a drama of Klmger 



i-1831). whose high-wrought tragedies and in 

 reflect the excitement of the time. 



"iir'name. The overname; either the name written 



he Christian name, or given over and above it; an 



additional name. For a long time persons had no family 



name, but only one. and that a personal name. Plato 



ended parents to give happy names to their 



children; and the Pythagoreans taught that the minds. 



. and successes of men were according to their 



names, genius, and fate. The popes changed their names 



ation to the pontificate, "a custom intro- 



duce- 1 by I'l-i'i- SeMrius." In France it was usual to change 



'apt ism, as was done in the case of 



two sons of Henry II. of France. They were christened 



ler and Hercules; but at their confirmation. 



these names were changed to Henry and Franci- 



usual for the religious at their entrance into monasteries 



to assume new names, to show they are about to lead a 



new life. 



-\\allou Ham. The three novels. "Swallow Barn." 

 -hoe Robinson." and "Rob of the Bowl." besides 

 their value as works of art, are all careful historical studies 

 giving admirable pictures of life in the Southern States 

 in the earlier days of the republic. They were written 

 by John P. Kennedy, who is quoted in literature as 



er Cooper among American novelists. 

 \\i\ el-ler, Dick. A careles-. lurht-headed fellow 

 in Dickens's novel of the "Old Curiosity Shop," whose 

 flowery orations and absurdities of quotation provoke 

 laughter, but whose real kindness of heart enlists sym- 

 pathy. 



i rd. The name of the Inn at Southwark where 

 the pilgrims in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales " assembled. 

 . its name from its sign, a tabard, or herald's 

 jacket. 



'I .ili--. of ;i \> ayslde Inn. Name given by Long- 



fellow to a collection of short poems arranged by himself 



ami collected together much in the same form as Chau- 



anterbury Tales." These "tales" were mostly 



gathered from old literatures and translated into Long- 



fellow's own verse, only one, " The Birds of Killingworth," 



is said to be entirely original. Seven narrators are 



ted: the Landlord, the Student, the Spanish 



Cavalier, the .lew, the Sicilian, the Musician, and the 



an. Four colonial tales are included in the work. 



Paul Revere's Ride," "Elizabeth," " Lady Wentworth," 



e Rhyme of Sir Christopher." 



I .il iiiuil is a Hebrew word meaning doctrine. It 



name applied to a work containing traditions 



:. the usages and laws of the Jewish people. 



The law, among that people, was divided into the written 



and the unwritten. The written law embraced the five 



books of Moses; the unwritten was handed down orally; 



ral being, in fact, explanatory of the written. But. 



in tune, the oral came, al-o, to be put in writing, and 



formed the text of the Talmud. This was first done, it 



. ed, about the year 200. There are two separate 



commentaries on this text, which are disi mgmshed n 



iylonian and the Jerusalem. The Talmud of 



Jerusaleri consists of two parts, the "Mishna" and the 



I he .Mishnu" is more correct than the 



i." which is filled with dreams and foolish dis- 



ns. The Talmud of Babylon. which is of higher 



authority among the Jews than thai <>f .1- 



composed by Rabbi Aser, who lived near Babylon; he 



live to finish, it, but it was completed by 4ui 



i<) years after Christ. 

 1. 1 MI (I'^li. inter. The title of a poem by Burn*. 



rid the name of its her... a farmer, who. riding home 



! ate and very drunk from Ayr. in a stormy night. 



had to pass by the kirk of Allowav. a place reputed t.. 



haunt of the Devil ami hi* friend* and emis- 



saries. On approaching the kirk, he ixrceived a light 



gleaming through the windows, but having got c.uirage- 



drunk. he ventured on till In- could look into the 



". when he saw a dance of witches. His presence 

 became known and. in an instant all w lam, 



recollecting himxclf. turned and -purred hi* home t. 



f her speed, chased bv the whole hcndi-h crew. It 



a current belief that witrhe*. or un'y evil *piru. have | 

 no power to follow a poor wight any f ti the 



running 

 er Doon was near and Tarn escaped 



occasions of triumph and thanksgiving, and a theme upon 

 which the most celebrate* I composers have exercised 

 their musical genius. The hymn is one of the most simple 

 and at the same time the most solemn and majestic in 

 the whole range of the hymnology of the Roman Catholic 

 Church. Its authorship is uncertain. 



. A famous legendary hero of Germany, 

 and the subject of an ancient ballad of the same name. 

 The noble Tannhauser is a knight devote*! to valorous 

 adventures and to l>eautiful women. In Mantua, he 

 wins the affection of a lovely lady, Lisaura. and of a 

 learned philosopher, Hrlario. with whom he converses 

 frequently upon supernatural subjects. Enchanted by 

 marvelous tales, he wishes for nothing less than to parti- 

 cipate in the love of some beauteous elementary spirit, 

 who shall, for his sake, assume the form of mortal woman. 

 Hilario promises to grant even more than he has wished, 

 if he will have courage to venture upon the Venusberg. 

 Tannhauser ascends the mountain and, hearing of his 

 departure, Lisaura dies., Tannhauser stays long on the 

 enchanting mountain, but at last, moved to repentance, 

 he obtains permission to depart. He hastens to Mantua, 

 weeps over the grave of Lisaura, and thence proceeds to 

 Rome, where he makes public confession of his sins to 

 i Pope Urban. The pope refuses him absolution, saving 

 he can no more be pardoned than the dry wand which 

 he holds can bud and bear green leaves. Tannhauser, 

 llees from Rome, and vainly seeks his former precentor, 

 Hilario. Venus appears before him, and. lures him back 

 to the mountain, there to remain until the day of judg- 

 I ment. Meanwhile, at Rome the dry wand bears leaves. 

 I i ban, alarmed at this miracle, sends messengers in search 

 of the unhappy knight ; but he is nowhere to be found. 

 This Tannhauser legend is very popular in Germany, and 

 is often alluded to by German writers. Tieck has made 

 it the subject of a narrative, and Wagner of an opera 

 which has gained great celebrity. 



Tar-tuffe'. A common nick-name for a hypocritical 

 pretender to religion. It is derived from a celebrated 

 comedy of the same name by Moliere, in which the hero, 

 a hypocritical priest, is so called. 



Tea /le. Lady. The heroine of Sheridan's comedy. 

 "The School for Scandal." and the wife of Sir Peter 

 Teazle, an old gentleman who marries late in life. She 

 is represented as being "a lively and innocent, though 

 imprudent, country girl, transplanted into the midst <>f 

 all that can bewilder and endanger her. but with enough 

 of purity about her to keep the blight of the world from 

 settling upon her. 



Tea /le. Sir Poter. A character in Sheridan's play, 

 "The School for Scandal." husband of I-ady Tearle. 



Tempest, The. This has been called one of Shnkes- 

 pere's fairy plays. The story of it run*: Prospero. 

 bukeof Milan, was dethroned byhis brother Antomo.nnd 

 left on the open sea with his three-year old daughter. 

 Miranda, in "a rotten carcass of a boat." In this they 

 were carried to an enchanted island, uninhabited 

 by a hideous creature, Caliban, the son of a witch 

 pero was a powerful enchanter, and soon had n 

 Caliban, but all the spirits of the region under his control. 

 including Ariel, chief of the spirits of the air. Years 

 I Antonio. Alfonso. Sebastian and other fnrmls 

 of the usurper came near the island. Prospero, by his 

 i .tises a storm which casts their ship on the shore 

 and the whole party are spell-bound and brought to 

 Prospero. Plots and counter-plots follow, bringing 

 in Caliban and clow its. but all are made ridiculous and 

 d by Prospero and At 



i. n -on. A kind of poem among the troubadours 

 which carries on a cont. luputr, apparently 



and often concerning love. The tenson was 

 usually reined by two persons in alternating stanra*. 

 The greater number of these are found in early Italian 



and I tench literature. 

 I , n I lines (in. . \ 



Hale. It i- said that th. * story led to 



the found.; King's Daughters" Society. 



i ii...i<i. -us ,.( uarx.iu. The hero and title of a 



e Porter. 



I i,., in: 1. 1. mil. I ales of a Waynldr Inn. II. \> . 

 l.ongfellou. King dlnf* drunken prient. horl f 

 stature and large of limb." who was sent to Irdaml. 

 found the people poring over their books, and sailed 

 Norway .to say to Olaf that there wa 



k la. The daughter of Wallenetein. .n 



mare. Maggie. It drama of this name. She is n 



is been said of "Tarn O'Shanter' 1 thai u. , Thm.io M.S. 1 1,,. .,.., ..( a |.-.% - : . =,.,. n. i:..i .-..,.- 



f the same length can in. I so much 



brilliant description, pnthiw. and quaint humor, nor 



i combination of ! 1 Die ludicrous. 



I- !> -ii in. A well-known hymn (*o culled f- 

 first word*) of the Roman Cath'ir Church, mmg on all 



romance of " Gargantua." At the requmt of 

 Gargantua's tutor, he undertook to cure 

 . I..IM manner of living, and 



medicine be cleared out all the 



latter 



