BIOGRAPHY 



Aaron, son of Amram and Jochebed, of the tribe of 

 Levi. and the elder brother of Moses and Miriam. He 

 appeared with Moses before Pharaoh, and was the first 

 high priest of Israel, his sons being also consecrated to 

 the priesthood. He shared the sin of Moses at Meribah 

 as well as its punishment, his death taking place shortly 

 afterwards on Mount Hor. 



Abbey. i:l\vin Austin, R. A., studied at Philadel- 

 phia Academy of Fine Arts. Mr. Abbey stands in tin 

 foremost rank of Anglo-Saxon painters of historical and 

 subject pictures. All his works show his fine decorative 

 net. and are painted with a rich glowing palette 

 They are remarkable for the correctness of all archa olo^i 

 ul. He has acquired great fame as an illustrator 

 of Shakespere, whose plays have also supplied him with 

 the subjects for some of his most successful pictures. 

 Principal works: Richard III. and Lady Anne. King 

 Lear's Daughters. Hamlet, the decorative panels illus- 

 tratinn the Quest of the Holy Grail, in the Boston Public 

 Library, Coronation of King Edward VII. , Columbus in 

 the New World. 



Abbot, Ezra, LL.D., I). I)., born in 1819. Amer- 



: tic, very precocious as a child, graduated 



loin College, and settled at Cambridge, eaininir 



able reputation as a biblical critic. II- OOO 



tnhuted to periodicals, and also wrote several critical 



works, and in support of Unitarianism ; the best known 



is that on "The Authority of the Fourth Gospel." Died. 



1884. 



Abbott, Lyman. clergyman, author, editor "The 

 Outlook"; born in Roxbury,- Mass., December 18, 1835; 

 graduated University of New York, 1853: practiced 

 law; ordained Congregational minister, 1860; pastor 

 Tern- Haute. Ind.. 1860-65; New England Church, New 

 York, 1865-69; resigned pastorate, 1869. to devote him- 

 self to literature. Kdit.-d "Literary Record " of Harper's 

 Magazine; associate editor "The Christian Union " with 

 Ward Beecher, whom he succeeded as pastor of 

 Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. May, 1888; resigned, 

 tier. 1898. Author: Jesus of Nazareth; Old 

 Testament Shadows of New Testament Truth; A Lay- 

 S - >ry ; How to Study the Bible ; Illustrated Com- 

 v on the New Testament; Dictionary of Reliirious 

 !ir- (with lateT. J. Conant)- A Study in Human 

 In Aid of Faith; Life of Christ; Evolution of 

 ['neology of An Evolutionist; Chris- 

 tianity and Social Problems; Life and letters of Paul- 

 ..:> Is; Problems of Life; Life and 

 Literature of the Ancient Hebrews; The Rights of Man 

 Henry Ward !> cher; The Other Room: The Great 

 an Ministry; Personality of God; 

 and Industrial I'rol.l.-ms. 



\lMl-ul-llaniid II., Sultan of Turkey, was born 

 '. is-i'J, and was the second son of Sultan 

 Alxl-ul -\I.-.!j,d. He was proclaimed Sultan in succes- 

 sion to Ins 1, rot her Murad V., who was deposed ir 



..f his m.-ntal incapacity (August 81, 1 S76), and 

 died or, 1904. The sureetwion to the throne. 



aeeordinfj to Turkish custom, vests in the senior male 



f the house of Othman. sprung I 

 Harem. The Sultan does n.t marrv. Imt from 

 i'-s of the Han-rn -!. is a <--tta.n mm 

 vn an ladies of the palace, the oil. 

 \t subordinate to them. All children born m the 

 are h.-ld to I,,- ,.f legitimate and equal birth. 

 The eldest eon of the Sultan only succeed* when there 



uncles or cousins of greater ace than 

 The Sultan has several children, ti 

 hemmed-Selin KnVmh. I... M . .Januarv 11. 1870. 



I be lard, kballard (o6'-o-W). Pierre, a 1 



her and e<. g ),,,rn m the year 1079. 



at Palais, near Nantes, in Brittany. He was cei 

 arning and genius, and opened a nrlu.nl 



where he taught philosophy with great succese. 

 HIM romantic love for I Moise. and the mi*fort m .. 



m consequence of his unhappy : 

 added t' 



St. Marcel, near Ch | !. ||, M ,. ., 



tarred by the monki of ciuni in thrir monastery, l.ut In* 



monastery in Champagn- M^Urd had himself 



founded, and which waa then a convent presided over by 



Hdloise) ; and finally they were deposited, together with 

 those of Heloise. in the cemetery of Pere la Chaise. 



Abraham (d'bra-ham). the progenitor of the Hebrew 

 nation, descendant of Shem. born 1996 B. C., in Mesapo- 

 tamia, died at the age of 175 years, and was buried in 

 the Cave of Machpelah. Isaac and Ishmael were his 

 sons by Sarah and Hagar, the latter being a slave. 



Abruzzi, Duke of the* prince of Royal House of 

 Italy, was born in 1873; scientist, explorer, aeronaut, 

 sportsman, litterateur: traveled round world as a youth; 

 ascended Mount St. Elias. Alaska. 1896; his Arctic ex- 

 pedition in 1899 penetrated nearest to North Pole; in 

 1906 he ascended the topmost height in the Ruweniori 

 Range, and in January, 1907, at Royal Geographical 

 Society, was eulogized by King Edward. 



Abu Bekr (d'&u ba'ker), father-in-law and successor 

 of Mohammed, born in 571, was elected Caliph over Ah. 

 son-in-law of Mohammed, and the contest caused a 

 schism in the Church, which still exists. Died, 634. 



Adams, Charles Francis, born in 1807; son of 

 J. Q. Adams; spent his childhood in Europe, and, 

 returning to America, graduated at Harvard College,' 

 1825. He was educated for the law, but adopting 

 politics, eventually joined the coalition now known 

 as the Republican party, and was appointed minister 

 to England. 1861-68. He was arbitrator for America 

 for the settlement of claims under the Treaty of Wash- 

 ington, 1871, and continued to take an active interest 

 in political life. He wrote biographies of his father and 

 grandfather. Died. 1886. 



Adams, Charles Francis, history writer; born in 

 Boston, May 27, 1835; graduated at Harvard, 1856 (LL. 

 D., 1895) : admitted to bar, 1858; served in Union Army 

 through Civil War; brevetted brigadier-general. United 

 States Army, May, 1865. Became identified with rail- 

 way interests; appointed member board of railway 

 commissioners of Massachusetts, 1869; president Union 

 Pacific Railway, 1884; president Massachusetts Histori- 

 cal Society, 1895. Author: Chapters on Erie and Other 

 Essays; Railroads, their Origin and Problems; Note* 

 on Railway Accidents; Massachusetts. Its Historians 

 and Its History; Three Episodes of Massachusetts His- 

 tory; Life of Charles Francis Adams; Richard Henry 

 Dana, a Biography; A College Fetich; Lee at Appomat- 

 tox, and other papers. 



Adams, Henry, author: born in Boston. February 

 16, 1838; graduate Harvard, 1858; private secretary to 

 his father, who was American Minister at London. 1861- 

 68; assistant professor history Harvard. 1870-77; editor 

 North American Review. 1870-76. Author: Essays in 

 Anglo-Saxon 1 aw; Historical Essays; Life of Albert 

 r.allatm; John Randolph ; Document* Relating to New 

 England Federalism; History of United States (9 vols.); 

 etc. 



Adams, llnir\ < art <r. professor political economy 

 and finance University of Michigan, since 1887; born 

 m Davenport, la., 1851: graduate Iowa College. 1874; 

 l.-cturer in Cornell and rmvep.it. v of Michigan. 1880-87. 

 also in Johns Hopkins, 1880-82; director division trans- 

 portation, lit)) census; statistician, Interstate Com- 

 merce Commission since 1887; president American 

 my Association, 1895-97. Author: Outline of 

 l.-.tures on Political Kc..n,.my; State in Relation to 

 Industrial AcCi.n. Taxation in the t'mt.-d States; Pub- 

 c Debts; > < of Finance; Statistics of Rail- 



ways; and Boonomioi and .1 'imprudence. 



Adams. .ioi,,i. ., MI 1735: second President of the 

 United States; graduated at Harvard, and was rnll.-d 

 to the bar in 1 7i 1 . He was one of the delegates at the 

 at Philadelphia. 1774. and throughout encour- 



Mced the 



aged the movement for independence, in which, a* rl 

 man of the board of war, he took an active part. 

 wae commissioner to the Court of France. 1788, and 

 -.n! ..n an embassy to England, 1779. He wae eta 



He 



in embassy to England. 1779. He was elected 

 Vice-President of the Union in 1789. and succeeded 

 d. MII >n 1797. but in 1801 failed to 

 gain reflection, and then retired from public affaire. 



I, John . 



hn Adam*, and mxth 

 States, studied at Leyden and Harvard, and wae ad- 



mtt,,l (.. l,.u m IT'.l He entered the diplomatic 



. i rn m 1767; eon of Presi- 

 Prudent of the United 



