-BIOGRAPHY 



397 



from the French. He was raised to the peerage in 

 1776, and was appointed field marshal in 1796. Died. 

 1797. 



Ampere, Andre Marie, born in 1775; a distinguished 

 electrician, who may be considered the father of electro- 

 magnetics. He first attracted attention by a treatise 

 on the "Theory of Probability," published in 1802, and 

 obtained a post as teacher, and ultimately as professor, 

 at the polytechnic school in Paris. In 1820, Orsted's 

 discovery of the effect of voltaic currents upon magnetic 

 needles was brought to his notice, and Ampere verified 

 and completed this, and showed also the mutual effect 

 of currents upon each other, from which he deduced a 

 ;tory of magnetism. The Royal Academy of 

 Sciences recognized his services, and gave his name to 

 one of the electro-magnetic units. Ampere's last great 

 work was the classification of the sciences, but this he 

 did not live to finish. Died, 1836. 



Amphlctyon (am-fik'-tf-on). One of the heroes of 

 i', son of Deucalion and Pyrrha. On the 

 dominions of his father bein$ divided between him and 

 his brother Helenus, Amphictyon reigned over Ther- 

 mopylae, in the Fourteenth or riftaento Century before 

 In 1 !"7 B. C., he invaded Athens, which he 

 consecrated to Minerva, and governed it as sovereign 

 during ten years. 



\m\ntus (a-min-tas), several Macedonian monarchs 

 bore this name, of whom the principal wius Amyntas III. 

 (son of Menelaus), who came to the throne 807 H. C.. 

 after having assassinated the king, Pausanias. When 

 expelled by the lllyrians, he was enabled by the Spartans 

 and Thessalonians to regain his dominions. His wife, 

 Kurydice. conspired against his life, but her plot was 

 frustrated. He was the father of Philip, and the grand- 

 father of Alexander the Great. Amyntas, grandson of 

 Amyntas III., was yet in his early infancy when iVr- 

 tu's father, and Alexander, were murdered, at the 

 lion of Kurydice, their mother. He was heir to 

 the throne; but his uncle, Philip, who was his tutor, 

 having been raised to it, Amyntas was compelled to 

 give up his own right. He served in the armies of Philip 

 and Alexander the Great; but, plotting against the 

 latter, he was put to death. 



\nicreon (an-ack'-re-on). A celebrated Greek lyric 

 poet, born at Teos in Ionia, towards the close of 500 

 He was patronized by Polycrates, the tyrant of 

 Samos, and Ilipparchus, the tyrant of Athens. He 

 died at Abdera. suffocated by a grape-stone while in 

 the act of drinking. His poems are chiefly devoted to 

 the praises of love, pleasure, and wine. 



\II.H renn. horn al>c>ut 560; a Greek lyric poet who 

 lived at Samos under the patronage of the tyrant l'.>!\ 

 crates, and afterwards at Athens. His poems were ad- 

 mirably translated by Moore. 



Anaxagoras (an-ax-atf -o-ra) , a Greek philosopher of 

 the Ionian school, horn at Clazomen:r>, 500 B. C. He 

 studied under Anaximenes. and, after traveling through 

 all the known parts of the globe, in search of knowledge, 

 established himself at A then-, where he opened tli. 



I of philosophy. Pericles, So. -rate-. : md Kuripides 

 among his pupils. He was condemned to die for 

 alleged impiety, a sentence which was changed to . 

 when he retired to I amp-acti-. ;i |,,| there continued to 

 philosophy till his death. US I',. C. 



Anaxlm.imli r nn-ai-e-man'-<l> r). a philosopher and 

 . mathematician of the Ionian school, dorn in (ill) 



II.- was the fir-t who noticed the obliquity , ,f the 



I t.'iught that the n,... n is indebted for her 

 hgh 1 and that the earth is round. H> 



re to represent the heavenly divisions. 



-aid to have invented geographical charts and the 



II. He also believed in a multitude of World*. 



\inlcr-eM. II. 111- < lit -i-ii.ni. born in 1KO.V The son 

 of poor parents, was born at >den-ce m I mien . ),, . 

 inclination for the -tage. and at fou- 

 to Copenhagen, when- he ol I'agement 



at the theater roval. i-i\\n. but 



,i'h the kindness of Conference Councillor Colhn he 

 was admitted to the grammar school m sh/. | , || 



; IOH. woik. a b.... ll.li-hed Ml ' 



^an followed i.s well as novel* ami poems. 



U-st known for his fairy tnle-. which an- full of 



\iider-oii. M > in 1850. at Sacrmmenio. Cali- 



fornia: well known as an actress of great beauty and 

 ierabie ,!,- ttio taste: at 10 years of ace made 



'but at I/.Ulsvillc H.M Juliet. She met With great 



success both in the United States and m I ondn. 



\mlcr-ori. IC;i-imi- It jorn. ant h.. r ; born at Albion. 



u:e. Jnn- 

 i-'. 1846; graduate of l.uther College, Dftoorab, 



Iowa, 1866; University of Wisconsin, 1869 (LL. D.. 

 1888); professor of Greek and modern languages. Albion 

 (Wis.) Academy, 1866; instructor of languages, 1869-75; 

 professor of Scandinavian languages and literature. 

 1875-83; United States minister to Denmark, 1885-89; 

 married July 21, 1868, to Bertha Karina Olson, 

 and publisher of "Amerika" since October. 1898, 

 Author: "Norse Mythology," "Viking Tales of the 

 North," "America Not Discovered by Columbus." "The 

 Younger Edda," "First Chapter of Norwegian Immi- 

 gration, 1821-1840"; also many translations of Norse 

 books, and author of several works in Norwegian. 



Anderson, Robert, born in 1806; an American gen- 

 eral, who served under Lincoln in the Black Haw 

 and distinguished himself in the Mexican War (1846-47), 

 in the battle of El Molino del Key. On the outbreak of 

 the Civil War he was appointed to" the defense of Charles- 

 ton Harbor, and held Fort Sumter for two days against 

 the Confederates; failing health prevented his taking 

 further part in the war. Died. 1871. 



Andre, John, born in 1751; a British soldier who 

 i served in the war with America, and rose to the rank 

 of major. He conducted the negotiations with Benedict 

 Arnold for the betrayal of West Point, but being dis- 

 < -overcd in disguise, was arrested and put to death as a 

 spy. His remains lie in Westminster Abbey, where a 

 cenotaph was erected to his memory. Died. 1780. 



Andrea, Pisano, born in 1270; an Italian architect 

 and sculptor, who produced many fine works in Florence. 

 his greatest being the bronze figures in relief for the 

 baptistery of St. John's. Died in 1345. 



Andrea (an'-dre-a), a distinguished engraver, who 

 flourished in the Seventeenth Centurv. He obtained 

 engravings worked by other hands, which he disposed 



his own. He engraved on wood in a peculiar 

 known as "chiaro-oscuro," of which, however, he was 

 not the inventor. One of his productions, "The Triumph 

 of Julius Csesar." from Andrea Mantegna, the original 

 >f which is at Hampton-Court, is cut on ten blocks of 

 wood, and dated 1598. Andrea died at an advanced 

 age, in lt,_':{. 



Andrew, Saint, one of the twelve apostles, who be- 

 i fore his call was a disciple of John the Bapc-t. He was 

 the means of bringing his brother. Simon Peter, to 

 Christ, and is said to have preached the ( MIS pel in various 

 countries, and to have been at last crucified at Patne in 

 Achaia. 



Andreu-, I li-lia Benjamin, chancellor University 

 of Nebraska since July, I'.XH); horn in Hmsdale, N. || . 

 January 10. 1844; served private to second lieutenant 

 of Union Army in Civil War; wounded at Petersburg, 

 August 24. 1864, losing an eye: graduate of Brown 



v. 1S7U; Neuton TI logical Institution. 1874; 



Principal Connecticir 'ution. Suffield 



Conn., 1870-72; pastor First Baptist Chun! 

 Mass., 1874-75; president Denison U 

 ville, O., 1875-79; professor homiletic- I heo- 



logical Institution, ISTD-S'J; professor history and po- 

 litical economy. Brown University, 1882-88; professor 

 political economy ami finance, Cornell, 1888-89; presi- 

 dent Brown University, 1889-98; superintendent 

 schools, Chicago, 1898-1900; member of intermit tonal 

 monetary conference. Brussels. -,. 



Author: "Institute* of Constitutional i 

 and American." "Institutes of Orient! I 1 

 tutes of Economics," "An Hone-t Dollar." "Wealth and 



Law." "Hi-tory of the United States 

 of the last (,'uarter Century in the I 



rv of United States m Our Own Times." 



Andros. Sir r.ilmimd. born in li. rlnh 



ofliccr who served in the wars with the hutch, and a 



:H went as governor to of North 



America, He was recalled in 1698 from Virginia, but 



irtls appointed lieutenant-governor of tin- 

 sey. D.cd 1713. 



. Jatnc- Hurt-ill, educator, diplomat; born 



i;. I.. Jai '. graduate of p.- 



-nor modern language* ami litera- 

 ture. Brown. IK&I-60: editor Providence Journal, 



uiiml. ISI',1. 



since 1871 ; 1 



na. isso si. a. img as commia- 



m negotiating un|M,rtant treaties; member Anglo- 



.1 Commission on Canadian Fwh- 



iman Can < 



Sen. 1R96: appou 



key. 1807, but resigned May, 1806. 

 \uthor numerous addresses aMarticilnUsjdlngrvle* 



Ituon. .mill 



<nd |Met of Italy. He was 



bom in 1171. i" \rc7/o. m Timmny. 



At an early age he became the pupil of i 



