398 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



landaio, a celebrated artist of his day. He soon dis- 

 played such uncommon merit, that l.oren/o de Medici 

 took him into his service. His mastery over the grand 

 and terrible has never been equaled; and his correct 

 design and knowledge of anatomy has not been attained 

 by other artists. Several editions of his poetry have 

 been published. Michael Angelo discontinued painting 

 in his 75th year, and terminated his brilliant career at 

 Rome, at the advanced age of 90, in i:.r>-l. II. wai 

 splendidly interred in that city by Cosmo, Duke of Tus- 

 canv, but his remains were subsequently, l>y command 

 of that prince, removed to Florence, and deposited be- 

 neath a magnificent monument, embellished with three 

 statues, representing painting, sculpture, and archi- 

 tecture. 



Anjou. Counts and Dukes of (an-joo'), a powerful 

 French family, connected with the regal house of Valois 

 which maintained a considerable share of independence 

 until the reign of Louis XI. One of its members, Fulke, 

 became King of Jerusalem, 1131; and his son, Geoffroy, 

 founded the royal house of Plantagenet. The second 

 house of Anjou was a branch of the royal family of 

 France. The title of Duke d'Anjou was also borne by 

 several sons of kings of France, and lastly by a grandson 

 of Louis XIV., who became Philip V. of Spain. 



Anna Coinnena (kom-ne'-na), thedaughter of Alexius 

 Comnenus I., by his wife Irene, was born at Constanti- 

 nople, in 1083. She devoted herself to the study of litera- 

 ture and philosophy, and was esteemed the most learned 

 female of her age. After the death of her father, she 

 conspired to depose her brother, and to place the crown 

 upon the head of her husband, Nicephorus Bryennius. 

 Her plot being discovered, she lost all her influence at 

 court, and employed the last ten years of her life in 

 composing a history of her father's reign, called the 

 "Alexiad." Died, 1148. 



Anne of Austria, the eldest daughter of Philip III. 

 of Spain, was born in 1604, and married Louis XI II., 

 King of France, in 1615. Upon the death of her consort, 

 in 1643, she was declared queen-regent, during the mi- 

 nority of her son. She placed unbounded confidence in 

 Cardinal Mazarin, whose rule was so unpopular that a 

 civil war ensued, which compelled the queen and her 

 son to fly from Paris, and to solicit the aid of the great 

 Conde\ In 1661, the young king assumed the reins of 

 government, and Anne retired, to pass the remainder 

 of her life in religious exercises. She died from the effects 

 of a cancer in her breast, in 1666. 



Anne of Beaujeu, daughter of Louis XL, married 

 Peter Beaujeu, Duke of Bourbon, and constable of 

 France. She acted as regent of the kingdom during the 

 minority of her brother, Charles VIII. , from 1461 to 

 1465. She died in 1522. 



Anne Bpleyn, the second queen of Henry VIII., was 

 born in 1507. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas 

 Boleyn, and a maid of honor to Queen Katherine, whom 

 Henry divorced, that he might raise Anne to the throne, 

 who became the mother of Queen Elizabeth. The fickle 

 king caused her to be decapitated in May, 1536. 



Anne of Brittany, the daughter and heiress of Duke 

 Francis II., was born in 1476. In 1491 she was united 

 to Charles VIII., King of France, and governed the 

 kingdom during the expedition of that prince to Italy. 

 After his death, she married Louis XII. in 1499, over 

 whom she exercised great influence. She died in 1514. 



Anne of Cleves, the fourth wife of Henry VIII., to 

 whom she was married in 1538. She was the daughter 

 of John, third Duke of Cleves. The match was pro- 

 jected by Cromwell, and was partly the cause of that 

 minister's ruin. Henry put her aside, settled on her a 

 liberal annuity, with which she was well satisfied, and 

 she spent the remainder of her days in England, where 

 she died in 1557. 



Anne, Queen of England, was the second daughter 

 of King James II., by his first wife, Ann Hyde, and was 

 born in 1664. In 1683, she married Prince George, 

 brother to the King of Denmark, by whom she had a 

 numerous family of children, all of whom died young. 

 Anne ascended the throne on the 8th of March, 1702. 

 She established a fund, known as "Queen Anne's Bounty,' 

 for the augmentation of the livings of the poor demy. 

 During her reign (which was made illustrious by the mili- 

 tary triumphs of the Duke of Marlborough), Sir George 

 Rooke and Sir Cloudesley Shovel conquered the fortress 

 of Gibraltar, a possession which Spain has never been 

 able to regain; and the legislative union of Scotland 

 with England was effected. The glorious galaxy of 

 writers, in almost every branch of learning, who nour- 

 ished in her time, has caused it to be considered the 

 Augustan age of British literature. She died on the 

 1st of August, 1714. . 



Annunzio, Gabriele d', the pseudonym of the Italian 



poet Gaetano Rapagnetto; was born in 1864. on a boat 

 in the Adriatic-; educated in a college at Prato, near 

 Florence, and studied in Rome. He was elected, in 

 1898, a deputy in the Italian Parliament. His first vol- 

 ume of verse, "Primavera," appeared in 1879, and was 

 followed by "In Meinoriain," 1880; "Canto Novo," 

 1SSJ; "Intermezzo di Heine," 1883. His "Odi No- 

 velli" reached their ninth edition in 1899. Of his nu- 

 merous novels, the first, "Terra Vergine," appeared in 

 1882; "II Piacere" obtained ten editions between 1889 

 and 1898. He then turned to the drama, with "Un 

 Sogno d' un Mattino di Primavera," "Giaconda," "Fran- 

 cesca da Rimini," produced by Signora Duse at the 

 Adelphi in 1903, and "Piu che 1* Amore" produced at 

 Rome, November, 1906. 



AMM-IMI. Saint, horn in 1034; Archbishop of Canter- 

 bury during the reigns of William Rufus and Henry 1., 

 to which post he was summoned from his position as 

 Abbot of Bee in Normandy. He was a man of great 

 piety and intellectual power, and firmly resisted the 

 efforts of the king to despoil the Church of her dignity 

 or revenues. He died at Canterbury in 1109 and was 

 canonized in the reign of Henry VII. 



Anthony the Great, St. (dn'to-ne), the founder of 

 monastic institutions, was born A. D., 251 near Heraclea, 

 in Upper Egypt. In 205, having sold all his property 

 and given the proceeds to the poor, he withdrew into 

 the desert whither a number of disciples were attracted 

 by his reputation for sanctity ; and thus was formed the 

 first community of monks. He afterwards went to 

 Alexandria to seek the honor of martyrdom amid the 

 persecutions there raging against the Christians; but 

 as his life was spared, he again returned to the desert, 

 and died at the great age of 105. 



Anthony, Susan Brownell, reformer; born in Adams, 

 Mass., February 15, 1820; educated in school maintained 

 by father for his own and neighboring children, Batten- 

 ville, N. Y., and 1837-38 at Friends' Boarding School, 

 West Philadelphia. Taught school from age of 15 to 30; 

 aided, 1852, in organizing the first State woman's temper- 

 ance society; active in anti-slavery and woman's rights 

 work; organizer and secretary of Women's National 

 Loyal League during Civil War. Since war was entirely 

 devoted to the woman suffrage movement; founded, 

 1868, "The Revolution," exclusively woman's rights 

 paper; managed it several years; in 1869 organized, 

 with Mrs. Stanton, National Woman Suffrage Associa- 

 tion; joint author with Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton 

 and Mrs. Matilda Joslyn Gage of "The History of Woman 

 Suffrage" (3 volumes), and of Volume IV. with Mrs. 

 Ida Husted Harper; has contributed to leading maga- 

 zines and has lectured in England and throughout the 

 United States. 



Antigonus, Cyclops or '*one-eyed," a distinguished 

 general of Alexander the Great, on whose death he be- 

 came Governor of Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia, and 

 after defeating and slaying Eumenes, and waging other 

 successful wars, assumed the title of king. His am- 

 bitious schemes united his rivals, and he was slain in 

 battle at Ipsus. Died, 301 B. C. 



Antiochus (&n-ti'o-kus), a favorite royal name in 

 ancient Syria, no less than eleven of her kings bearing it. 

 The most noted was Antiochus III., the Great, contem- 

 porary with Hannibal, 223 B. C., and Antiochus IV., 

 his son. 



Antipater, born in 390 B. C.; the Macedonian, the 

 friend and minister of Philip and Alexander the Great, 

 during the absence of the latter was appointed regent 

 of Macedonia and Greece, and in that capacity defeated 

 the Greeks. On the death of Alexander Antipater re- 

 ceived the government of Macedonia. Died, 319 B. C. 



Antipater of Idumea, father of Herod the Great; 

 took part in the disputes between Hyrcanus II. arid Aris- 

 tobulus II. He assisted in placing Hyrcanus on the 

 throne of Judaea 63 B. C., and contrived to get the power 

 in his own hands. He was afterwards appointed Procu- 

 rator of all Juda>a. Died, 43 B. C. 



Antoinette (ong-twd-nef ) , Marie, Archduchess of 

 Austria, was born at Vienna, November 2, 1755. She 

 was the daughter of the Emperor Francis I. and Maria 

 Theresa, and was given in marriage to the Dauphin, son 

 of Louis XV., in 1770, being then 15 years of age. Her 

 beauty and amiable C9nduct, gained universal admira- 

 tion. Her consort having ascended the throne as Louis 

 XVI., during the troubles which occurred in the latter 

 years of his reign she became the object of popular 

 hatred. She was confined in the same prison with her 

 husband for some time, but afterwards separated from 

 him and detained in the Conciergerie, whence, after 

 much suffering, she was carried before a Revolutionary 

 tribunal in October, 1793, by judgment of which she 

 suffered by the guillotine on the same day. 



