BIOGRAPHY 



401 



Athanasius (a-tha-na'-ghus) Saint* was born in 

 Egypt about the year 296, entered the Church at an 

 early age, and was chosen bishop of Alexandria in 326. 

 He is esteemed one of the most eminent among the an- 

 cient fathers of the Church. He was a violent opponent 

 of Anus; and his earnest advocacy of the Catholic 

 faith, more particularly of the doctrine of the Trinity. 

 subjected him to much persecution from the emperors 

 Constantine and Julian, by both of whom he was several 

 times exiled, but he finally closed his days in tranquil- 

 lity in 373, in the forty-eighth year of his prelacy. His 

 works are numerous, out consist chiefly of invectives 

 against his enemies, and controversial treatises against 

 Arianism. The more important of his writings are his 

 "Apologies." "Two Books on the Incarnation," " Con- 

 wit h the Arians," "The Life of St. Anthony." 

 "The Abridgement O f the Holy Scriptures," "Letters to 

 Those that Lead a Monastic Life," and "Letters to 

 Serapion." 



\ihelstaii (Uh'cl-Mn), or /Kthelstan, one of the 



ablest of the Anglo-Saxon kings, born about 895, suc- 



ceeded his father. Edward the Elder. 925. In 937 he 



Kained a great victory at Brunenburg, over the hi; . 



.rid reigned over all the island except Cum- 



hna. Wales, Cornwall, and Scotland, which were tribu- 



< him. Died without issue. 941. 



Alhenagoras (ath-e-naa'-o-r(u), a Christian philoso- 



pher. horn in Athens, who lived toward the close of the 



Second Century. His conversion to Christianity has 



been likened to that of St. Paul. Writing against the 



ma, in order to render his attacks more formid- 



able. he referred to the Scriptures, and by reading them 



was converted to the true faith. A "Discourse on the 



Resurrection of the Dead" and his "Apology for Chris- 



were much admired. 



Vttila (afU-ia), a king of the Huns, who lived in the 

 Fifth Century. He styled himself "The Scourge of 

 God," and devastated Lombardy. The city of Venire 

 was founded by those who fled before him. On his 

 death, in 4">:<. his body was buried in three coffins, made 

 of silver, gold, and iron. The captives who dug his 

 grave v.-ere put to death. 



Atuood, (iconic. T. R. S., a distinguished mathe- 

 matician. and author of many valuable scientific works, 

 born in 174:.. and died in 1807. 



Atuood. Thomas, horn in 1767. was the son of a 

 coal merchant. He commenced his musical education 

 in the choir of the Chapel Royal under Dr. Nares. The 

 celebrated Mozart, under whom he studied, thought 

 highly of his talents. In 1796 he was appoint) <1 

 organist of St. Paul's. He wrote c.,n, nation anthems 

 for George IV. and William IV.. and died in 1838. 



\uler, Daniel I ramois Ksprlt. born in 1782; 

 French composer, was intended for a bu.sine.-- 

 nnd it was not until he met with Scribe, in 1SJ3. that 

 his long course of successful composition commenced. 

 "La Muette de Portici," or " MasanLnllo." as it is call- .1 

 in England, was brought out in 1828. He produc. d 

 many other works which enjoy a European reputation, 

 his last bein: d'Aniour >m posed 



shortly before his d,. : ,th. Died. IS7I. 



\ul.i- Henri .Mi-Mr d'. Lorn in 1794; 



Swiss theologian and writer, studied at l.eijwic and 

 Berlin, and became professor of Church history .-it (lene\a 



He was author of "Tin- H-storv of tl,. 

 mation of the Sixteenth Century," anu other works. 



Died 



AiidiihoM. John James, born in 1780; a celebrated 



1:1 naturalist of French de-cent; a pupil of th-- 



great painter David; from his rhildlnnxl he was dev.t.d 



to natural history, but it was not until is.ni that the 



first of the four volumes of his irreut wor 



apjM'arcd. This magnificent coll. 



plate*, which was sold for $1.000 a copv. was <im< kh 



: ly explanatory letterpress under the title of 



an Ornithological Biography." Audiibon also 



milar work on the "(^uadrupeda of \mer 



it much of this work was done l.y his .. 



\iierha< li. Herlhold. 



WO.M a native of the I Hack ] 



was established by the publication, m If \ ,\ 



lag* Talon from the Bla 

 by a number of other popul.i \monu his earlier 



a were a tr.-i 

 essay on m 

 in 18*. .11 of " Hru- 



\ngiisiJiH-. -...mi. MM of the father- -,f il,e Christian 

 Church, was born at Tagaxt l It. his 



he was favorable to the Mm. -hem <|o( t 

 Subsequently he became Bishop of || ; 



dee 



called the "Apostle of the English," was sent with a 

 party of forty monks by Pope Gregory I. to preach the 

 Gospel in England in 597. where he was advanced to 

 be first Archbishop of Canterbury. The exact date of 

 his death is not known. 



Augustulus, Romulus, the last of the Roman em- 

 perors m the West, was the son of Orestes, who. after 

 deposing Julian Nepos, advanced him to the throne. 

 Odoacer. a barbarian, raised a mutinv against him. and 

 having put Orestes to death, compelled Augustulus to 

 resign his imperial dignity. He was then dismissed 

 with his family, and allowed 6,000 pieces of gold annually 

 for his maintenance in the castle of Luculus in Campania. 



Augustus, Caius Julius Ctesar Octavlanus, a 

 Roman emperor, born 63 B. C.. was the son of Caius 

 Octavius and Accia. niece of Julius Cirsar. by whom he 

 was adopted when but four years of age. He was in 

 Epirus when Julius Cirsar was assassinated, but speedily 

 returned to claim his inheritance. Connected with 

 Antony and Lepidus, Octavianus shared the guilt which 

 stains the name of the triumvirate. His colleagues put 

 aside, at the age of 36. he became emperor, with the 

 title of Augustus. His reign was fortunate, good laws 

 were framed in it, and the arta flourished under his 

 protection. He died. A. D., 14. 



Aurellanus, Claudius or Lucius Domltius. Em- 

 peror of Rome, born in 212. the son of a peasant; en- 

 tered the Roman army, his exploits in which attracted 

 the notice of the emperors Valerian and Claudius, and 

 on the death of the latter in 270, he was proclaimed 

 emperor. His short reign was a series of brilliant vic- 

 tories: the Goths and Vandals were subdued, the 

 Alemanni, who threatened Rome itself, were extermi- 

 nated. Palmyra was sacked, and in the splendid triumph 

 of Aurelian were led captive Tetricus, the ex-emperor 

 of Gaul, Britain and Spain, and /enolua. the renowned 

 Queen of the East. A formidable rebellion at home was 

 crushed with terrible sternness, and the emperor's 

 S- verity made him feared even by his friends, who. as 

 thev deemed in pure self-defense, conspired against him 

 and put him to death. Died 



Aiirelins. Antoninus .Marcus, born in 121 AD. 

 Emperor of Rome, was the adopted son of Antoninus 

 Pius, to whose throne he succeeded in 101. and took as 

 associate Lucius Verus. Most of his reign was disturbed 

 by wars with the (lermans. Aurelius w.-m distinguished 

 for his love of truth and his adhesion to the Stoic school 

 of philosophy, and his " Meditations " still exist, and 

 give a trustworthy record of his private opinions. 

 180. 



Aurungzebo (air-rwnfl-re' bf). Em|H>ror of Hindustan, 

 known as the Great Mogul, was born in \G\^ 

 third son of Shah .lehan. he affected devotion in early 

 life but subsequently, at the call of ambition, he deposed 

 his father and put t<. death his two brothers and nephew. 

 As emperor, his career was brilliant. He conquered 

 Golconchv, Visapour, and llengal. His sons disturbed 

 Ins latter days by attempting to dejxwe him. He died 

 in 17(17. 



Au-ten, Jane, novelist ; born in 177.">. at St. 

 Hants, of which parish her fathei II. t 



principal productions are "Pride and Prejudice 

 posed 1796. published is - and Sensibihtv" 



(1811). and "Emma" (1816) Thev ate di-tn 

 for originality, naturalness, and fidelity of delineation. 



in which the literature of her time \\.-. 

 deficient. Her family moved successively to Bath and 

 Chawton. and she died at \\inchestor in 1817. and was 

 l.uricd m the cathedral. 



Xii-iiti, Alfred, born in 1S.'{."; critic, journalist, and 

 -it meal poet, was educated for the bar, but resigned 

 that profession for literature. As a strong (' 

 live, in one of the editors of the "National Review." 

 and has acted as correspondent to the "Standard." 



\ rerrboesi '^iv the great 



Arabian philceopher, of good birth, and a pupil 



I Avenxoar. Hr devoted hi- hfe to the study 

 Me. HP wan banished for itwhilr from C 

 and his views were cundemned )>v the University of 

 Died, ll'.is ,, r 1206. 

 H 



graduate of Uni- 

 



mustered out or oil 1th M 



pal of high school. I 

 Creek. Mich., and hu'h and normal nrhool*. Cleveland, 



Volunteer Cnvalrv. Principal 



with great force against .ill v. horn he deemed heretics _____ 

 d in 430. Another St. Augustine (or St. Austen), Chen. 



O. Member of Clevrl Council. I s 



Philatoph> 



.1 rhiiowpk 



i 





