BIOCJRAPHY 



409 



the treaties of peace at I.um'-ville (1801). and at Amiens 

 (1802). When his brother was proclaimed F.mi>eror, 

 he was placed upon the throne of Naples, but being a 

 merely nominal ruler, his good judgment and better 

 instincts had no play. In 1808. he was transferred to 

 the throne of Spain, where his position was still more 

 unfortunate. He was twice compelled to fly from 

 Madrid, and finally abandoned the throne after the battle 

 .f Vittona. He was lieutenant-general of the empire 

 during the 1814 campaigns and the Hundred Days: and 

 after Waterloo he lived for some years in the United 

 e as the Comte de Survilliers. He died in Florenc -e 

 in is 14, and left his highly interesting "Memoirs and 

 Correspondence." (2) Napoleon, the second son. (Na- 

 poleon I.) (3) Lucien, born in 1775, in 1795 became 

 commissary to the army of the North. In 1798, he was 



d to the council of the Five Hundred, and played an 

 important part in the revolution which destroyed the 

 Directory and made Napoleon First Consul. After 

 becoming minister of the interior, he went as ambassador 

 to Madrid; but his marriage with Mme. Joubuthon 

 brought about an estrangement between him and the 

 emperor, and in 1804 he retired to his estates in Italy, 

 as Prince of Canino, where he cultivated his tastes for 

 literature and the fine arts. After the peace of Tilsit 

 he was offered the crown of Italy, but he refused it; and 

 m IK 10 set out for the United States. Captured by a 



!i cruiser, he was kept a prisoner in England till 

 1814. After Waterloo he induced Napoleon to abdicate 

 in favor of his son; and he himself retired to Italy. He 

 wrote an epic, "Charlemagne." Died. 1840. (4) Marie 

 Anne Elisa, born in 1777, married Felix Pascal Baciocchi. 

 and was created Princess of Piombino and Lucca, and 

 Grand Duchess of Tuscany. She retired from France 

 in 1815, and died in Trieste in 1820. (5) Louis, born in 

 1778. the father of Napoleon III. He served in the 

 Italian and Egyptian campaigns; and in 1802 he was 

 compelled to marry Hortense Beauharnais, from whom 

 he was afterwards separated. Under the empire he was 

 created a prince and constable of France, and after 

 oc< -upying Holland he was proclaimed king of the country. 

 He became extremely popular with the people, but 

 offended the emperor, and in 1810 he abdicated, the 

 country being absorbed in France. He spent most of his 

 life after Napoleon's banishment in Italy, and wrote 

 several books, of which the 'Documents Historiques" 

 i* the most important. Died, 1846. (6) Marie Pauline. 

 (Pauline Borgnese.) (7) Caroline Marie Annonciade, 

 born in 1782. married Marshal Murat in 1800. Died. 

 1839. (8) Je>6me, born in 1784. He was given a com- 

 mand in the navy, and while on the American station 

 married a Miss Paterson, a marriage which he was forced 

 to renounce by the emperor. In 1806 he was made King 

 of Westphalia, and married a daughter of the King of 

 \Vurt temberg. who became the mother of Prince 

 Napoleon. In 1812 he proved so incapable a general 

 annul tne Russian campaign that he WJLS removed from 

 command; but he commanded a division at Waterloo. 

 After Napoleon's abdication he li\ed in exile, until 1847. 

 when Napoleon III. made him a marshal of France and 

 president of the senate. Died, 1860. Of the second 

 ation: (1) Napoleon, son of Louis. (Napoleon 

 III > (2) Napolqnn. Joseph, born in 1822, commonly 

 known as. Prince Napoleon, and son of Jcrdme Bonai 

 HIM early life wa* spent in travel, hut after the 1848 

 revolution he was eli-cted to the assembly. Iti IS49, he 

 held for a year the post of am bit- 1 idrid; and 



in 1 s.'i I he commanded a division of the army in the 



i. He threw up his command suddenly, and in 

 1858 became president of the mini-try for Algiers. In 

 1859. he held a command in Italy, and married the 



5w Clotilde. a daughter of Victor Emmanuel. In 

 1861. he created a sensation ,,, the senate l,\ a line <> 

 in support of Democratic princii ng a chal- 



lenge from the Due d'Aumale. His |,,u.li 



t the 1'ohsh revolution bronchi him int. 

 grace with the emperor more than <>n> -e. and compelli -.1 



--ignation of t h.- |>r.-i.|.-n--v of ti 



for the Universal ' .!.. n 



III., and the death of Pr n. he was 



recognized as head of the Napoleon famil\ 

 In- \vas imprisoned for a |>r.num-ianii-nto. an 

 was banish*, I f: arid died MI i-xile m 



nee ile Canino, horn H; 



i Bonaparte, a h -t .t.."i -h.-d nat uralist; 

 in ! - 



'(id noon after went to At 



His son, Lucien, born in 1828, is a cardinal. (4) Louis 

 Lucien, horn in 1813, the second son of Lucien Bonaparte. 

 He passed his youth in scientific and linguistic study. 

 In 1848. he was elected to the constituent assembly as 

 deputy for Corsica, but the election was annulled. In 

 1 V.j. he was made a senator, and in I860 grand officer of 

 the Legion of Honor. He has written a great deal, much 

 of his work being translations. Died, 1891. (3) Pierre 

 Napoleon, prince, born in 1815. third son of Lucien. 

 After getting into disfavor in Italy and America, he went 

 to Paris in 1848, and sat in the assembly. In 1849 

 he served in Algeria, and finally settled in England. 

 Died, 1851. Of the third generation: Prince Louis, 

 I better known as the Prince Imperial, born in 1856. the 

 only child of Napoleon III. and the Empress Euge*nie. 

 He accompanied his father at the opening of the Franco- 

 German War, but after Sedan he went to England. He 

 entered the Woolwich Military Academy, and in 1879 

 went with the expedition to Xululand. He was killed 

 in this war, a small body of soldiers with whom he had 

 gone out having been surprised by the Zulus. A monu- 

 ment was erected to his memory at Chislehurst. Died, 

 1879. 



Ilonheur* Rosa (bdn-ner'), a French painter, born at 

 Bordeaux. 1 vjj; ,* unrivaled among her own sex for the 

 minute and spirited delineation of the various forms of 

 animal life. Her most celebrated pieces are '"The 



Nivernais Ploughing." "The Horse-Fair. I'he Three 



Musketeers," and "Cows and Sheep in a Hollow Road." 

 Through the Empress Eugi'-nie. she received the Cross 

 of the Legion of Honor. During the siege of Paris, her 

 studio was spared by order of the Crown Prince. 



Boniface. Saint, horn in 680, an English monk. 



known as the "Apostle of Germany." abandoned certain 



and distinguished preferment to go in 716" as a mis- 



j sionary to Germany. Having obtained authority from 



Pope Gregory II., he lived among the barbarous tribes 



, for many years, and finally met a martyr's death near 



Utrecht. Died, 755. 



Boone. Daniel (boon), the pioneer of Kentucky, born 

 in Bucks County. Pennsylvania, 1735. was one of the 

 most successful of the enterprising American pioneers of 

 the Eighteenth Century. 



Booth-Tucker. Frederick St. George de l.aufour. 

 I commander of Salvation Army in the United States; 

 i born in Monghyr. Bengal. India. March 1M . 1S.V1; edu- 

 cated at Cheltenham College, England; passed Indian 

 I civil service examinations, 1874; studied m London 

 until 1876; appointed to Punjab and held positions of 

 assistant commander magistrate, and treasury oil. 

 resigned to join Salvation Army, 1881; inaugurated 

 Salvation Army work in India, 1SS2; had charge there 

 until 1891; secretary for international work. Salvation 

 I Army, London. 1891-96; since March, 1896. in charge 

 of Tinted States; married in 1888. Emma Moss, daughter 

 of (iencral \\m. Booth, of Salvation Army (she died m 

 railway accident October L's. 1903); adopted name of 

 Booth Tucker. Author: "The Life of Catherine Booth." 

 "Life of General William Booth." "In Darkest In.!. a 

 and the Way Out," "Favorite Songs of the Salvation 

 Army." "Monograph for the Pans 1 on tho 



Work of the Salvation Army in the United States." etc. 

 Bopp. Franz, a celebrated German philologist and 

 Sanskrit scholar, born at Mayence: was professor of 

 Oriental Literature and General Philology nt Berlin; 

 his greatest work. "A Comparative ( Ira m mar of Sanskrit, 

 /.end. Greek. Ijitin. Lithuanian. Old Slnve. Gotlm 



..m": translated portions of the "Mahibharata." 



791-1867). 



Borghese (Mr-0T'/<J). The name of a family of high 

 and great wealth in Home. Camillo. hnvmg 

 become nope, in 1605, under the title of Paul \ 

 Prince Borghewe having married Pauline Bonaparte. 

 sister of Napoleon, who separated himself from 

 the fall of her brother. He a-s born ,n 1 7 7 

 The palace of the family is one of the finest in Rome, 

 and has a rich collect ...n of paintings. 



Boric! > ' ' Italian master of 



ut evil fame, was the fourth son of 



Pope Alev.i- : r VI., b\ Rosa Vanotta. and wan created 

 a cardinal, though h.- div.-i.-d l.imvlf of the office in 

 later years to purposes. He compassed U* 



death of hi* brother Gmvnnni. who wan Duke of Candia 

 in ord.-r to gam complete a/. et.d.-nrv m the papal gOV- 



ernment ; and m i IMS. having been sent an nun 



..... " 'in | . i i . 1 1 1- 1 ^'".ii .1 . i i > . i ..... . * 1 1 1 i 11 .1 I -I I ;s \ I I . ' 'I I ' 1 1 , ' . I . ' u i i T t ' 1 1 ' l i' ' >' \ 



here lie devoted himself to t!, I married the daughter of Jean d' A Ibr. 



ibhshed hi* rateable [n of Navarre. After accompanying Ixtui* XII. 1 * Italian 



returned to Italy; in IVi.l he published h 



irned to Italy: in |v[:{ he pub! 



a," and in 



of prince. He wn* for n short tin n Italian 



but finally set lied at Paris, where i 



. 



m. n\ d the idea of a kingdom m < 



I murder he had nearly 



VM tin ,1. ,th 5 Efi 





