BIOGRAPHY 



411 



caneer," "The Doctor of Philosophy." "In the War 

 with Mexico," "The Corner in Coffee," "The Recprds," 

 "A Little Traitor to the South," "A Midshipman in the 

 Pacific," "Indian Fights and Fighters," "The Conquest 

 of the Southwest," "The Two Captains." 



Brahe, Tycho (br&h), the most distinguished astron- 

 omer of the Sixteenth Century, was born in 1545, and 

 died in 1601. A native of Denmark, his active life was 

 passed in Germany. 



K rah rns, Johannes* born in 1833; German musical 

 composer. Schumann early expressed the highest opin- 

 ion of Brahms' genius, but for manv years he was not 

 appreciated in Germany. In 1861 he went to Vienna, 

 where he acquired a high reputation, and held several 

 important musical posts. In 1868 he composed the 

 itsches Requiem," which, after the Franco-German 

 War. was performed all over Germany, and since then 

 his compositions have been very highly valued. 



Brant. Joseph (brdnt). An Indian chief of the Mo- 

 hawk nation, born in Ohio, about 1742, held a commis- 

 sion in the British service, and fought against the Amer- 

 olonists in the Revolution. He went, afterwards, 

 idaml. where he published the Gospel of St. Mark 

 HI Mohawk. Died. 1809. 



Brcckenridce* John Cabell* born in 1821; American 

 politician; in 1851 entered Congress, and in 1856 was 

 elected vice-president under Buchanan. In 1860 he 

 was a candidate for the presidency in the Southern 

 interest, but was defeated by Lincoln; and having de- 

 nounced Lincoln's address as a declaration of war, he 

 was expelled from the House of Representatives. He 

 was given a command in the Confederate army. Died, 

 1S7-V 



Brewer, David Joslah* associate justice in United 

 States Supreme Court since December 18, 1889; born in 

 Sm\: Imor, June 20, 1837; graduate of Yale, 



1856; Albany Law School, 1858. Began practice. 

 Lsawenworth, Kan., 1859; United States commissioner, 

 1861-62; judge in probate and criminal courts, Leaven- 

 worth County, 1863-64; judge in district court, 1865-^59; 

 county attorney, 1869-70; justice supreme court. Kan- 

 sas. 1870-84; Judge circuit court of United States, 

 1884-89. Appointed by President Cleveland, 1896. 

 >er Venezuelan Boundary Commission; member of 

 British-Yene/uela Arbitration Tribunal, 1899. President 

 >f I'mversal Congress of Lawyers and Jurists, Louisiana 

 Purchase Exposition. St. Ixmis, 1904. Author: "The 

 Pew to the Pulpit." "The Twentieth Century from An- 

 other View Point." "American ('it i/.enship." 



Hre\\xter 'broo'stur), Sir David, an English philoso- 

 pher and author, born in 1781, and educated at Edin- 

 burgh. From 1808 to 1829. he was editor of the " Edin- 

 burgh Encyclopedia." In 1815. he was elected F. K. S.. 

 tic next \car invented the kaleidoscope. Among 

 his chief works are a "Treatise on Optics" and "Mem- 

 f the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Newton." 

 researches on double refraction, and discovery of 

 the law of the polarization of light are his chief titles 

 Mooe. hied, 1868. 



Brian Horn. Itoroiiuhe (brl'an-bo-roo'), a celebrated 

 hief. Kmir of Munster. I afterwards sovereign of all 

 Ireland, was born in 937, and died in 1014. He de- 

 feated the Danes in forty battles, his last victory being 

 at Clontarf. where he was killed. He was equally dis- 

 hed for his patronage of learning and piety. 



Hrid-j. i- St. <!'}<*). or St. Hrlde. the patroness of 

 Ireland, born at Fochard, County of Armagh, who flour- 

 ished m the beginning of the Sixth Century, was re- 

 nowned for her beauty, and founded the monastery of 

 Kildare. where she devoted herself to the education oi 



Brim, Charle* Augustus. .-,. theologian; 



Norn in Ncu Kiry 15, 1841: studied in Uni- 



nary. 1861-63; University of Berlin, 1866-69. Pastor 

 of Presbyterian Church. Roeelle, N. J.. 1870-74; pro- 

 fe^orof Hrbr.-w. 1S7J '.!. B.Mical theology, is'.U I'.'iH. 

 Theological Encyclopedia and Symbolics since 1904, 

 Theological Seminary. Editor " Presbyterian 

 Review," 1880-90: was tried for heresy and M. 

 by Presbytery of New York. 1892. but suspended by 

 General Assembly, 1899; ordained priest by Protestant 

 Episcopal bishop of New York, 1899. Author: "Bib- 



lical St. id an PnwbyUriam-r M 



\ Theological Question 



"The Authority of Holv i ii. 



.Me. the 

 and the Reason," "The Messiah of 



three parts; "General Introduction to the Study of 



Holy Scripture." "The Incarnation of the Lord," "New 



Light on the Life of Jesus." " Ethical Teachings of Jesus." 



. Brown and 8. R. Driver) New Hebrew 



lexicon. Editor: " International Theological Library." 

 " International Critical Commentary." 



Bright, John, born November 16. 1811; an eminent 

 orator and Radical statesman. Of Quaker parentage. 

 he entered his father's business at the age of 16. Though 

 he had taken part in the Reform movement, he first 

 became prominent along with his friend Cobden in the 

 anti-corn law agitation; entered parliament for Durham, 

 being afterwards returned for Manchester, and losing 

 that seat through his opposition to the Crimean \\ ar. 

 In 1857, he was returned for Birmingham, holding that 

 seat till his death. He joined Mr. (iladstone's govern- 

 ment which disestablished the Irish Church, but opposed 

 his Home Rule policy in 1886, dying in the unshaken 

 conviction that it was a fatal error. As a master of 

 really pure Saxon English, in all its power and pathos. 

 Mr. Brmht was never surpassed, and his speeches are 

 worthy attentive study on that account alone. Died, 

 March 27. 1889. 



Brock, Sir Isaac, a gallant British officer. In 1812. 

 when an American army, under (leneral Hull, invaded 

 Canada, the measures adopted by Brock were so effectual 

 that the Americans surrendered without striking a blow. 

 He did not long enjoy the fame he had won. An affair 

 occurred at Queenstown, in October the same year, in 

 which he lost his life. 



Bronte, Charlotte, born in 1816; English authoress. 

 the eldest of the three Bronte 1 sisters. After some ex- 

 perience as a governess she became engaged with her 

 sisters in the writing of novels, and in 1846 put>h-hcil 

 with them a small volume of poems under the names of 

 Currer. Ellis, and Acton Bell. In 1847 she published 

 the well-known story. "Jane Eyre." Its success was 

 instantaneous and complete. Although adversely and 

 severely criticised, it was and is admitted to be one of 

 the most remarkable of English novels. Her second 

 story. "Shirley" was published in 1849, and her third 

 and last. " Villette," in 1853. Another stor\ 

 Professor," which had been refused by the publisher 

 before "Jane Eyre" had made its authoress famous. 

 was published after her death. In June, 1854, she 

 married the Rev. Mr. Nicholls, who had been for a time 

 her father's curate. But soon after her marriage, con- 

 sumption, which had carried off her sisters and brothers, 

 settled on her, and she died in her fortieth vear 



Brooke, Kev. Slop ford A., M. A., was born in 1*.<J 



Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated 



(1856), winning the Downe prize and Vice-Chancellor's 



medal for English verse. He was formerly chaplain to 



l^ueen Victoria and to the Empress Frederick of C.er- 



j many. In 1880, Mr. Brooke seceded from the Church 



j of England because he could not accept the orthodox 



i views on miracles, and became minister of Bedford 



! Chapel, Bloomsbury. In 18..">, however, after a lengthy 



illness, he found himself compelled to retire from tin- 



post. He is the author of several works, among winch 



! are "Life and Letters of the Late F. W. Robertson." a 



"Primer of English Literature." "The Early Life of 



I Jesus," several volumes of sermons, a volume of poem-. 



j "History of English Poetry," a work on "Early English 



Literature." "The Old Testament and Modern 1 



and a book on Browning. 



Broug 

 (brdo'iim) 



the high school and university of that rit v. was admitted 

 to the Scotch l>ar in IMH). F.xcluded from promotion 

 in Scotland by his liberal principles, he Joined U 

 lish bar in 1808. speedily acquired a reputation as a 

 lawyer for the defense in Crown IH and. by 



his eloquence in the cause of Queen Caroline, 1820. 

 Died. 1868. 



Brtmn. lleiir\ Hilling** asuocia 

 States Supreme Court, i- 

 Mass.. March 2. 1836; graduate of > 

 law in private office; attended lecture* at Yale 

 Harvard law schools. Deputv Tinted State* m 

 isr.i (i.-t; Msjstaot United gtetej tttonMj for wten 

 district of Michigan, 1863-68; then for a few months. 

 to fill a vacancy, judge State ami 

 County; practiced law in Detroit until 1ST.'.; rmt.-d 



States judge for en l..n d " ' ' M I, ,-m. 1878 '-". 



Compiler of Brown's Admiralty Reports. 



Brown. John, in American slavery abolitionist, born 

 in 1800. settled m K.I.IH.-UI. and resolutely opposed the 



lave State. In ' 

 emancipation, \\itli 



in hop*- of n 



timed in it, was surrounded, sriied, tnsd, And 

 i in IK50. 



iiro\\ ii-*. -1)11.1 ni. i .lu.n.i. bora m IMS; American 



profrMor of pathology at Harvard, professor to the 

 .0 at Paris, and succeeded Claude 



Brougham. Henry. Ixrd Brougham and Vaux 

 o'iim), born in Edinburgh in 1778; and educated at 



