412 



THK STANDARD Dlt'TH >.V\UY ol- r.UTS 



Bernard in the chair of experimental medicine at tin- 

 College of France. Hi- published two important SITUS 

 of lectures on the "Parahsis of tin- 1 ,-inities" 



and on "Functional Agitations." Died. 1894. 



Browne, Charles l-'urrar, a humorist and satirist, 

 known by the pseudonym of "Art emus Ward," was 

 born in Maine, United States, in 1S3-1. His tirst literary 

 effort was as "showman" to an imaginary traveling 

 menagerie. He traveled over America lecturing, carry- 

 ing with him a whimsical panorama as affording texts 

 for his numerous jokes, which he took with him to Lon- 

 don, and exhibited with the same accompaniment with 

 unbounded success. Browne spent some time among 

 the Mormons, and defined their religion as singular, 

 but their wives plural. Died. 1867. 



Broune, Sir Thomas, a physician and religious 

 thinker, born in London in Kit)."), resided at Norwich 

 for nearly half a century, and died there in H>SJ. He 

 was knighted by Charles II.; "was," Professor Saints- 

 bury says, "the greatest prose writer perhaps, when all 

 things are taken together, in the whole range of Kng- 

 lish.' 1 His principal works are " Keligio Medici." "In- 

 quiries into Vulgar Errors," and " Hydriotaphia, or 

 I'rn-Burial. a Discourse of the Sepulchral Urns Found 

 in Norfolk," all of the very first importance in English 

 literature. 



Browning. Elizabeth Barrett (broun'lng), one of 

 the greatest of English poetesses, born in 1809; she 

 married the poet Robert Browning, with whom she took 

 up her residence in Italy. Her principal works are 

 "Aurora I>eigh," "Lady Geraldine's Courtship," "Caso 

 Guidi Windows," and "Poems Before Congress." Died, 

 1861. 



Browning, Robert, an English poet, born in 1812; 

 married Elizabeth Barrett in 1846, and afterward re- 

 sided in Paris and Italy. His poems are numerous and 

 of much power, but notable for their obscurity. Died, 



Bruce, David, born in 1323; King of Scotland, and 

 son and successor of Robert Bruce. The invasion of 

 Scotland by Edward III. forced him to fly to France; 

 but he returned during the war between France and 

 England. He invaded England, but was defeated and 

 taken prisoner. He was ransomed for 100,000. Died, 

 1370. 



Bruce, Edward, brother of Robert Bruce, fought 

 with great bravery in the war against the English, and 

 in 1315, being offered the crown of Ireland, he went to 

 that country, maintaining his position with great suc- 

 cess. He was killed in a battle against the English in 

 1318. 



Brumm'el, Beau, born in London, in 1778; in his 

 day the prince of dandies, was patronized by the Prince 

 of Wales, afterwards George IV.; quarreled with the 

 prince; fled from his creditors to Calais, where, reduced 

 to destitution, he lived some years in the same reckless 

 fashion. He settled at length in Caen, where he died 

 insane in 1805. 



Brutus, Dec! mus Junius Albinus, one of the 

 assassins of Julius Caesar. After the murder of the 

 consul, he was besieged in Mutina by Mark Antony, 

 but drove off the enemy. Crossing into Macedonia, 

 he was betrayed into the hands of Antony and put to 

 death (43 B. C.). 



Brutus, Lucius Junius, a Roman consul. Tar- 

 quinius Superbus, having put the father and brother 

 of Brutus to death, Brutus feigned madness, until the 

 rape of Lucretia, when he excited the populace to insur- 

 rection, and drove Tarquinius from the city. He and 

 Collatinus were appointed consuls together, and in this 

 capacity Brutus ordered the execution of his own sons 

 for complicity in a conspiracy. He was killed by Tar- 

 quinius 



Brutus, Marcus Junius, born in 85 B. C.; the ! 

 nephew of Cato of Utica, sided with Pompey against | 

 Caesar, and after the battle of Pharsalia retired to liter- 

 ary pursuits. Caesar made him governor of Cisalpine 

 Gaul, but he joined the conspirators who murdered the 

 consul. After the assassination he collected troops in 

 Macedonia, and assuming the title of imperator, rav- 

 aged Rhodes and Lydia. In 42 B. C., he and Cassius 

 were defeated by Octavius Ceesar and Mark Antony, 

 when Brutus committed suicide. 



Bruyere (bru-yare'), John de la, a distinguished 

 French writer, born in 1644. He wrote dialogues on 

 quietism, and translated the characters of Theophrastus 

 from the Greek. He died in 1696. 



Bryan, William Jennings, editor; born in Salem, 

 111., March 19, 1860; early education in public schools 

 and Whipple Academy; graduate of Illinois College, 

 Jacksonville, 1881; Union College of Law, Chicago, I 

 1883. Practiced at Jacksonville, 111., 1883-87; since 

 then at Lincoln, Neb.; member of Congress, 1891-95; 



received Democratic vote for I'nited States senator in 

 Nebraska Legislature, 1893; nominated in Democratic 

 convention for United States senator, 1894, but was 

 defeated in legislature by John M. Thurston; editor 

 of Omaha "\\orld-Herald," 1894-96; delegate to 

 National Democratic Convention, 1896; wrote the 

 "silver plank" in its platform, made a notable speech, 

 and was nominated for president of 1'nited States; 

 traveled over 18,000 miles during campaign, speaking 

 at almost every stopping place; received 176 electoral 

 votes against L'71 for William McKinley. In 1897-98 

 he lectured on bimetallism; raised in May, 1898. the 

 3d Regiment of Nebraska Volunteer Infantry for war 

 against Spain, becoming its colonel. Again nominated 

 for president in 1900 by Democratic, Populist, and 

 Silver Republican conventions; "Imperialism" was de- 

 clared by the platform to be the paramount issue; he 

 made an active canvass, but was again defeated, receiv- 

 ing in electoral college 155 votes against 292 for William 

 McKinley. After the election, he established a weekly 

 political magazine, "The Commoner." Author: "The. 

 First Battle, "Under Other Flags," also many articles 

 in magazines and newspapers. 



Bryant. William Ciillen. born in 1794; American 

 poet and historian, when only nineteen published his 

 poem, "Thanatopsis," which attracted much attention; 

 and in 1825 he became editor of several periodicals in 

 New York. Having twice visited Europe, he wrote his 

 "Letters of a Traveler in Europe and America"; for 

 more than thirty years he acted as editor of the "New 

 York Evening Post," and wrote much poetry, as well as 

 many other prose works. Died, 1878. 



Bryce, Rt. Hon. James, was born in 1838; educated 

 at Glasgow University and Trinity College, Oxford 

 (Craven and Vinerian Scholar); Fellow of Oriel, 1862; 

 Honorable Fellow of Trin ty College; D. C. L., LL. 1)., 

 1 . 1{. S.; D. L. City of Aberdeen; member of Institute 

 of France and of the Royal Academies of Turin, Stock- 

 holm, Naples, and Brussels, and of the Royal Accademia 

 of the Lincei at Rome; P. C.; called to the bar, Lincoln's 

 Inn, 1867; regius professor of civil law at Oxford Uni- 

 versity, 1870-93; M. P. for Tower Hamlets, 1880-85, 

 and for South Aberdeen, 1885-1907; under-secretary 

 for foreign affairs for five months in 1886; chancellor 

 of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1892-94, and March to May, 

 1894; president of the Board of Trade, 1894-95; chief 

 secretary for Ireland, 1905-07. He was appointed 

 ambassador to the United States of America, December 

 31, 1906. He has taken a deep interest in the 

 condition of the Eastern Christians and their eman- 

 cipation from Turkish misrule. He strongly opposed 

 the war in South Africa, and 'the Education Act of 1902. 

 Author of "The Holy Roman Empire," "Transcaucasia 

 and Ararat," "The American Commonwealth," "Im- 

 pressions of South Africa," "Studies in History and 

 Jurisprudence," and ".Studies in Contemporary Biog- 

 raphy." 



Buck, Dudley, organist, composer; born in Hart- 

 ford, Conn., March 10, 1839; studied at Trinity College, 

 then Leipzig Conservatory of Music, and at Dresden and 

 Paris; for several years organist Music Hall, Boston; 

 was organist Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, and director 

 and organist Apollo Club, twenty-five years; retired, 

 1903. Composer of orchestral, organ, and vocal music. 



Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, favorite 

 of James I. and Charles I., born in Leicestershire, 1592, 

 rose under favor of the former to the high offices and 

 dignities of the state; provoked by his conduct wars 

 with Spain and France; fell into disfavor with the peo- 

 ple; was assassinated at Portsmouth, in 1628, by Lieu- 

 tenant Felton, on the eve of his embarking for Rochelle. 



Buckle, Henry Thomas, born in 1821; historian. 

 In 1857 the first volume of his "History of Civilization 

 in Europe" appeared, and was very well received. The 

 second volume, published in 1861, found, too, an appre- 

 ciative public, but in 1862 his health gave way, and he 

 died in 1862, leaving his work uncompleted. 



Buckley, James Monroe, editor "New York Chris- 

 tian Advocate" since 1880; born in Rahway, N. J., 

 December 16, 1836; educated at Pennington, N. J., 

 Seminary, and one year at Wesleyan University; studied 

 theology at Exeter, N. H..; Joined New Hampshire 

 conference, Methodist Episcopal Church. 1859; went 

 to Detroit, 1863; Brooklyn, 1866; pastor in vicinity of 

 New York until 1880. Author: "Oats or Wild Oats," 

 "Faith Healing," "Christian Science and Kindred Phe- 

 nomena," "Christians and the Theater," "The Land of 

 the Czar and the Nihilist," "Travels in Three Continents 

 Europe, Asia, Africa," "History of Methodism in the 

 United States," " Extemporaneous Oratory for Profes- 

 sional and Amateur Speakers," "Supposed Miracles. 



Buddha (bod'da), "the wise or enlightened," is the 

 sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, who appears 



