BIOGRAPHY 



413 



to have lived in the Sixth Century B. C. He was 



born a Hindu, of an intensely contemplative nature. 



the son of a king, who did everything in his power to 



tempt him from a religious life, from which, however, 



in his contemplation of the vanity of existence nothing 



could detain him; retired into solitude at the age of 30, 



as Sakyamuni, i. e., solitary of the Sakyas, his tribe; 



;>ted religious books, could get no good out of them, 



till, by-and-by. he abstracted himself more and more 



from everything external, when at the end of ten years, 



as he sat brooding under the Bo-tree alone with the 



universe, soul with soul, the light of truth rose full- 



orbed upon him, and he called himself henceforth and 



If out as Buddha. "Now," he said to him- 



self, "1 know it all," as Mohammed in his way did after 



him. and became a preacher to others of what had proved 



ion to himself, which he continued to do for forty 



years, leaving behind him disciples, who went forth with- 



ril, like Christ's, to preach what they, like Christ's, 



.(I was a gospel to every creature. 



HiiM'on <., or-rx I.oiii-, I.eclcrc. Count 



linent French naturalist, a member of the French 



v, and of that of sciences; was born in 1707. 



< itural History," which appeared in 1749, gave 



him fame, combining in an eminent degree reason, elo- 



. and research. Other works from his pen ob- 



-reat applause. He professed to be a materialist. 



.he was named Intendant of the Jardin Royal 



dee Plantes. Died, 1788. 



Hull. <le BornetiKinn, famous violinist; born in 

 in Norway, 1810; he secured great triumphs 

 both throughout Europe and in America by his wonder- 

 ful playing. He lost all his money in a scheme to found 

 a rolny <>f his countrymen in Pennsylvania, and had to 

 take again to his violin to repair his broken fortunes. 

 He afterwards settled down at Cambridge, Mass., and 

 had also a summer residence in Norway, where he died 

 in |NM. 



Itiiller. Sir Kedxcr*. born in 1839; soldier, first saw 



in the China War of 1860. In 1870 he took part 



in the Itcd 1! IVT expedition, and in 1874 in the Ashantee 



War. In 1879 he was sent on special service to the Cape, 



held command of the Frontier Light Horse in the Kaffir 



1878-79, and served with great gallantry in the 



Zulu War. He was present at Tel-d-Kebir, at El Teb 



and Tamai, and accompanied the Nile expedition of 



1884. In 1890 he succeeded Lord Wolseley as adjutant- 



general. !' inured prominently in the Boer War. 



Hulou. 1 iiiilii< h \Yilhelm von* born in 1775; 



Prussian general, obtained field marshal's rank in 1813, 



and by v at Lukan saved Berlin from the 



vn -tories at Grossbeeren and Dennewitz 



idinot and Ney respectively twice again saved 



the Prussian capital at critical moments. He was present 



,g. and in command of the right wing of the allies 



;;>ied the low countries. In 1814 he marched into 



France, and he was in command during the Waterloo 



campaign. Died in 1816. 



|{iin\;m. John (bun'y&n). author of the celebrated 



allegories, "Pilgrim's Progress," and "Holy War"; 



horn in England, 1628. was when young dissipated, but 



in early manhood reformed and joined the Baptists, 



;g so zealous as to invite persecution. He was 



'<! to transportation on a charge of promoting 



jM-ditious assemblies, but sentence was not enforced; 



was, however, imprisoned for more than twelve years. 



and during that time wrote his "Pilgrim's Progress." 



MM rh.mU. I MI In i . r of new fruits 



nnd (lowers; born in Lancaster. Mass., March 7. IM'.i; 

 boyhood on farm; educated at Lancaster Academy; 

 always devoted to study of nature, especially plant lite. 

 Moved to Santa Rosa, < n bank's 



>-iit I arms. Originator of the Hurbank potato; 

 gold and \M< k-on apple; October purple, rhalco, Amer- 

 ica and climax plums; giant, splendor, >ugar, and 

 toneless prunes: a new fruit, the plumcot ; peaenbtow. 

 -. and Santa Rosa roses; gigantic forma of 

 amaryllis, tigridias, the Shasta daisy, giant and fra- 

 grance callas; and various new apples, peaches, nuts, 

 berries, and other valuable trees, fruits, flowers, grasses. 



Burdett-Coutts, Vn-.-im.i (.eonrina. n ; , 

 bom m IMI; the daughter of 

 eseded in lv;r to thesrreat wealth of her gnu 



. bla.-k Brigade. the Nova 



iodel lodging houses, nnd Columbia 



'I in- poor and I he dis- 



liisjsiiil at home and abroad have had a constant bene- 

 factress in her; the east-end weavers, the Irish fishermen 



in 1881 the baroness married Mr. William Ashmead- 

 Bartlett. Died. li>(7. 



Burgess, John William, educator; born in Coners- 

 ville, Giles County, Tenn.. August 26. 1844; attended 

 Cumberland University. Lebanon. Tenn.; graduate of 

 Amherst, 1867. Admitted to bar, Springfield, Mass.. 

 1869; professor of English literature and political econ- 

 omy, Knox College. 1869-71; studied history, public 

 law and political science. Gottingen, Leipzig, Berlin. 

 1871-73; professor history and political science, Am- 

 herst. 1873-76; professor political science and consti- 

 tutional law since 1876, dean faculty of political science 

 since 1890, Columbia University. Author: "Political 

 Science and Comparative Constitutional Law" (2 vol- 



umes), "The Middle Period, 1'he Civil War and the 



Constitution" (two volumes), ".Reconstruction and the 

 Constitution." contributor to reviews on historical, 

 political and legal topics. 



BurKoyne, John, General (bur-noin'), an English 

 officer in the American Revolution, was defeated and 

 surrendered his army to General Gates at Saratoga, in 

 1777. Born, 1714 ; died, 1792. 



Burke, Edmund, born in 1728: statesman and 

 orator; an Irishman by birth; graduated at Trinity 

 College, Dublin. Going to London, he attracted at- 

 tention by his essays on the "Sublime and Beautiful." 

 and devoted himself to literature, founding m 17.VJ 

 "The Annual Register." In 1761 he became private 

 secretary to Hamilton, the new chief secretary for Ire- 

 land; and served Lord Rockingham in the same capacity 

 when that nobleman became prime minister. He was 

 returned to Parliament for Wendover, and his speeches 

 on American affairs created a great sensation in the 

 House of Commons. His position in political life was 

 raised still higher by the pamphlets which he wrote on 

 current questions. Returned for Malton, he produced 

 in 1780 his great plan of economical reform; and in 1782 

 he became paymaster under Lord Rockingham's govern- 

 ment. He again took office in the Duke of Portland's 

 coalition ministry, when he made his famous speech on 

 the India bill. In the impeachment of Warren Hastings 

 Burke played a leading part, his opening speech extend- 

 ing over four days. The outbreak of the French 1 

 tion was the occasion of one of his finest efforts of oratory. 

 Burke's attitude in this matter severed his friendship 

 with Fox, and he seceded from the Whig party. In 1794. 

 he retired from parliamentary life, though he continued to 

 produce his pamphlets on political affairs. Died. 1797. 



Burlelgh (buSl. \\illi;, m Cecil, lord, prime 

 minister of England during the reign of Elizabeth; born 

 in 1520, was regarded as one of the ablest statesman of 

 his time. Died. 1598. 



Kurlingamc, (bur'ttno-am), Anson, an American 

 diplomatist; born in Chenango County, N. "S 

 He was elected member of Congress by the Republicans 

 of the fifth district of Massachusetts, in 18o4-56-58. 

 In 1861, he was sent as minister to China, and, in 1867. 

 appointed ambassador from China to the 1 

 and to the great powers of Europe. In 1868 he visited 

 this country at the head of a Chinese embassy, and con- 

 eluded a liberal treaty between the I'nited States and 

 China, which was promptly ratified by the Chinese Gov- 

 ernment. The embassy afterwards visited 1 

 i'aris. Berlin, and lastly 8t Petersburg, where Burungame 

 suddenly died, February. 1870. 



liurne-.lones. l.duard, born in 1833; painter, early 

 fell under the influence of the pre-Kaphaehte Brother- 

 hood, and his paintings are marked by the medievalism 

 and realism of that school. He was elected an associate 



of the Koyal \. i l.-mv iti 1885. 



Burnett. 1 I.IIK.-. Hodgson, author, pla vwright ; 

 born (I Igson). Ma nglnnd, 



November 'Jl. IM'.t; family moved. 1865, to Knoxvillr. 

 Tenn.; began writing for nmg.-i married Dr. 



I M Burnett, ' s -~.i; settled m Washing 

 t:i;ned.: 8; married second time. 1900. .-- 



Townsend. English author. Author (nOTtsl): 

 Lass o' Lowries." "Dolly, n l.ove > 

 ' 



as \ I ->ir Barbarian, I h rough < 



ministration." " I ntle I 



"Little Saint F.hr.tbrth 



Little IMgrim-. rr.s-r.-~." ' I 1,,- !' 



"A Lad His Grace of On 



Votinge- 1 .-rtioti with the ! 



oughhy Claim. ..... The Making of n Mnrchionww." " 



of Cape Clear, the Turkish peasantry after the Russo- Quality " ( 

 , War. are among thosTwho have received her Burns, R. 

 .help. In 1871. the queen made Miss Coutta a peeress, and eon of an Ayrshire farmer, nnd with hm brothers f 



Captains 



oughhy Claim. ..... The Making of n Mnrchionww." "The 



i ittle I'rincww." Plays: 

 " l.ittl.- i wman's 



Daughter." " F.MH. i he Firt Gentleman of 



oseod), "A I ,dy of 



rind 



