BIOGRAPHY 



423 



of the Republican National Committee, and conducted 

 the campaign which resulted in the election of President 

 It. He entered the new cabinet on March 7, 

 1905, as postmaster-general, and on March 4, 1907, was 

 appointed secretary of the treasury. 



< ortr-. or (<>rtez (fcor'-tez), Fernando* a Spanish 

 adventurer; born in Medellin in Estremadura, in 1483. 

 He was first destined for the law; but a passion for arms 

 carrying him to the military profession, he went early 

 in the S:\te.-nth Century, with Velasquez, to Cuba, and 

 subsequently obtained the command of the expedition 

 sent against Mexico. With seven hundred men under 



mand, he landed at Tobasco in 1518, and imme- 

 diately burned his ships, that his followers might have 

 no hope but in victory. He advanced to Mexico, where 

 he was at fi: with friendly demonstrations; 



but on his seizing Monte/uma, the Mexican king, whom 

 he subsequently put to death by fire, a struggle ensued, 

 in which many thousands of lives were lost. He event- 

 ually succeeded in putting down all opposition, and in 

 overrunning M.-\,., while effecting which he is be- 

 lieved to have perpetrated the most enormous cruelties. 

 He was rewarded with the title of marquis, and a grant 

 of land; but subsequently, on his return to Spain, he 

 had the mortification to find himself neglected. Died, 



< (M u in. Thomas* an American statesman; born in 

 Kentucky in 1794; was admitted to the bar in 1818, 

 and after serving some seven years in the State legis- 

 lature, was elected to Congress in 1830, and to the United 

 States Senate in 1845. In 1850. he was appointed sec- 

 retary of the treasury, and, in 1861, minister to Mexico. 

 Died in Washington in 1865. 



Cox, Kenyon. painter; born in Warren, O., October 

 27, 1856; studied in Cincinnati and Philadelphia; in 

 Paris under Carolus Duran and Ge>6me, 1877-82; re- 

 turned to New York. Pictures are principally portraits 

 and figure pieces; painted two decorations in Library 

 of Congress, one in Walker Art Gallery, Bqwdoin College; 

 one in Minnesota State capitol, one in Citizens' building, 

 Cleveland, O., and frieze in court room, Appellate Court, 

 irk, and other decorative pictures. Has con- 

 tributed to leading magazines on art subjects; part 

 author of -Modern French Masters," edited by J. C. 

 Van Dyke, and of "The Nineteenth Century." Author: 

 rs," "Old Masters and New." 



< o\, I'. diner, artist; born in Granby, Quebec, Can- 

 ada. April 28, 1840; graduate of Granby Academy; 

 lived in San Franci-e,,. 1X63-75, contributing to "Golden 

 Era" and "Alta California"; since 1875, nas lived in 

 New York. His specialty is original humorous pictures 

 illustrating his own books. Author: "Squibs of Cali- 

 fornia, or Every-day Life Illustrated," "Hans von Pel- 

 ter's Trip to Gotham." " How Columbus Found America." 

 "That Stanley," "The Brownies." "Their Book." 



People." "Queer People with Wings and Stint's." 



People with Paws and Claws." "Another Brownie 



Book," "The Brownies at Hpme." "The Brownies 



Around the World. ..... 1 he Brownies Through the Union." 



' I he H row nies Abroad," "The Brownies in Fairyland" 

 (cantata in two acts), "Palmer Cox' Brownies" (spec- 

 tacular play in three acts), "The Brownies in the Philip- 



<r;.ik. I Uriah Maria, born in 1826; daughter of 

 Mr. Muloch. a clergyman. Besides poems ana essays, 

 she wrote manv novel-,, of which ".John Main". 

 tleman" (1856) is the best known. Died. issr. 



< r. miner, Tliom.i-. horn in 1489; ArcMnshop ,,f 



Canterbury, obtained the favor of Henry VI 1 1. l>\- 



ig his divorce fr no of Aragon, and 



was appointed primate in 1.">.'U. ll- favor, d the hv- 

 fortned doctrines during the reign of Henry VI II., and 



iwanl VI. Protestantism wax thoroughly 

 established, and the " Book of Common I 

 piled (1549) under his guidance. He was committed to 



M the accession of Mary, condemned at 



Oxford for hereby in I. "..". and after two years' miprn- 



hurnt there, openlv rejecting the 

 Protestantism which he hau been induced to aigt 

 1066, 

 Craftsn-.. Luetai l.i.inhm. the greatest 



f his day. became consul in ::> B. < 

 consulship a law was passed. 



to leave Rome, an edict which provoked the Social 

 *'). 



inlns. the triumvir with Pom- 

 1 Cbsar; WM nvan< UHMMP frrvnt 



wealth; apponi'ed to 

 out of cupidity war with the Part hintiH. in whi- 



.e kintr. cut off his head. 



and pourrd melted gold into hn mouth, Haying a* he 

 "Now sate thyself with the metal of which th.-u 

 HO greedy when ahve " 1 1 :, 53 B. C.). 



Crawford, Thomas (krau'furd), an American sculp- 

 tor, was born in New York, in 1814. He early mani- 

 fested a taste for artistic studies, and. in 1835, repaired 

 to Home, where he entered the studio of Thorwaldsen. 

 i His principal works are the bronze statue of Beethoven. 

 executed for the Boston Music Hall; the colossal eques- 

 I tnan statue of Washington at the capitol, Richmond; 

 ainl the marble and bronze statuary for the capitol, 

 Washington. Diet! in Ixindon in 1857. 



Creasy, Sir Edward (Arre'w), an English historian, 

 born in 1812, is the author of the "Fifteen I 

 Battles of the World." which has exhausted s. 

 editions; "The Rise and Progress of the Knglish Con- 

 stitution" (1856); and a "History of England, " the 

 first volume of which was published in 1869. 



CrUpi, Francesco, horn in 1819; Italian statesman, 

 joined in the conspiracies which led to the overthrow 

 of the kingdom of the two Sicilies (1848); planned the 

 second Sicilian revolt of 1859-60; fought un-i 

 baldi; became a minister of state; represented Palermo 

 in the first Italian Parliament, in which he was leader 

 of the constitutional opposition. In 1R77, he was 

 appointed minister of the interior; in 1887. president 

 of the council and premier, and resigned in 1891. Died. 

 1901. 



Crit tendon, John Jordon (kni'tn-dtn), an American 

 statesman, born in Kentucky in 1786. After having 

 studied and engaged in the practice of the law, he, in 

 1816, became a member of the Kentucky House of 

 Representatives, and. in 1817. was elected to the 1'nited 

 States Senate. In 1841. he became attorney-general in 

 President Harrison's administration; and, in l v 

 elected governor of Kentucky. He served as attorney- 

 general in President Fillmore's cabinet from Ju! 

 till the accession of President Pierce. Throughout his 

 political career. Crittenden's name is Identified with 

 most of the measures introduced and advocated by his 

 friend, Henry Clay. Died. 1863. 



Crompton. Samuel, inventor of the spinning-mule; 

 born near Bolton ; for five years he worked at his pro- 

 ject, and after he got it into shape was tormented by 

 people prying about him and trying to find out his 

 secret: at last a sum was raised by subscription to buy 

 it, and he got some 60 for it, by which others became 

 wealthy, while he had to spend, and end, his days in 

 comparative poverty, all he had to subsist on being a 

 life annuity of 63, which some friends bought him 

 (1753-1827). 



Cromwell, Oliver, the Protector, son of Robert 

 Cromwell, was born in Huntingdon in 1.VJ9. and edu- 

 cated at the free school and at Cambndne. where he 

 did not graduate; represented Huntingdon in the par- 

 liament of 1628; always an advocate of puritanical 

 views, first became seriously religious himself about 

 1638; was member for Cambridge in the short and long 

 parliaments, and soon made himself prominent by his 

 zeal in the cause of liberty: on the outbreak of the 

 civil war raised a troop of horse for the parliament; 

 distinguished himself in the battle* which fouOWi 

 was specially exempted from the Self-denying Ordi- 

 nance (1046); joined the Independent party in oppo- 

 sition to the Presbyterians, and by the ejection of mem- 

 bers known as "Pride's Purge," secured the condem- 

 nation and execution of Charles I. (1649). After reduc- 

 ing Ireland to submission, he attacked the Scottish 

 Royalists, defeating them at Dunbar ' Ht.'rfH and 



. d the I ting Parliam 



and, after an unsuccessful attempt at re 

 nment. assumed the title of Protector 

 ' as a military despot, enforcing order at home, and win- 

 ning the resfH-ct of foreign countries. Died. 1658. 



Cromwell. \\illi.iiH NeUoii. <<nior of 



law firm of Sullivan V Cr< 



rganiied, 1899, National Tube Company 

 180,000," : since then n an] < UM m 3 I j 



appointed alienee and reorr . .well A- 



Cotniiat : later. Price. M.Cormiek Company, 



which had fail.-d for several millions, and put both on 

 paving basis; officer, director, or Counsel of more than 



n the U-"- 1 ~ 



mclud ation. 



Panama Canal Company of France, and 



.-. passage of Panama Canal bill m 

 leuuls of the 



transfer of Panama Canal to I mt.-d States Government. 

 - \\ Mtuit; born in 



em.lenl of 



i dent of the Institution of Electneal Engineer*; president 

 of the Britnh Association. 1898; vice-president of 



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