424 



TI1K STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



facture of Beet Sugar." " Handbook <>f Dyeing," "Man- 

 ual of Practical Assaying," "Select Methods in Chemical 

 Analysis," " The Wheat Problem," etc.; editor of the 

 "Chemical News," 



Cuja-. .laci)iics (koo'zMs), an eminent French jurist, 

 born in l.">_'d; became profes.-or of the Roman law at 

 Bourges and Valence. Among his numerous works are 

 "Commentaries on Justinian'.- Institutes," and on the 

 "Pandects and Decreta \ led by 



Hallain the "greatest of all civil lawyers." Died, 1590. 



Culber-on, Charles A., I'nited State- senator from 



i.ora in padeville. Ala., June Id. 1S.YV, graduate 



of Virginia Military Institute. Is7-l: .-tudird law at 



:a. lx7f,-77: -euled in Texas, 1856; 



county attorney. Marion County, attorney-general of 

 Texas, governor. Ivt 98; delegate and 



chairman of Texas delegations to Democratic National 

 conveir ted United States senator, 



1899, to succeed Roger q. Mills; reflected, 1905; mi- 

 nority leader of the I'nited States Senate, ddth Conure-s. 



( inn iniii-, Albert Hainl, governor, lawyer; born 

 in Cannichaels, Pa., February 1~>. lv~>o; academic edu- 

 cation : urg. Pa.; admitted to bar; settled 

 in practice in Des Moines, la.; member of Republican 

 National Committee, 1 896-1900; elected governor of 

 Iowa, 1901, for term expiring January, 1904; renomi- 

 nated, l.w:i and 1906. 



('urran, John Philpot, born in 1750; Irish poli- 

 tician, of humble birth, educated at Trinity College, 

 Dublin; was, in 1775, called to the Irish bar, where he 

 won a high reputation as an orator; opposed the Union 

 in the Irish Parliament; in 1808, was made Master of 

 the Rolls in Ireland. Died, 1817. 



Curtis, William Eleroy, journalist; born in Akron, 

 O.. November 5, 1850; graduate of Western Reserve 

 College, 1871. On staff of "Chicago Inter-Ocean," 

 1873-87; Washington correspondent for "Chicago Rec- 

 ord," 1887-1901; "Chicago Record-Herald," since 

 March, 1901. Special commissioner from United States 

 to Central and *South American republics; executive 

 officer of International American Conference, 1889-90; 

 director of Bureau of American Republics, 1890-93; 

 chief of Latin-American department and historical sec- 

 tion at World's Columbian Exposition, 1891-93; com- 

 missioner of Columbian Exposition to Madrid, and 

 special envoy to the Queen Regent of Spain and Pope 

 Leo XIII., 1892. Author: "Tibbalses Folks," "A 

 Summer Scamper," "The Life of Zachariah Chandler," 

 "Children of the Sun," "Capitals of Spanish America," 

 "The Land of the Nihilist, "Trade and Transporta- 

 tion," "Handbook to the American Republics," "Guate- 

 mala," "Costa Rica," "Ecuador," "Venezuela: a Land 

 Where It is Always Summer," "The United States and 

 Foreign Powers," "The Existing Autographs of Colum- 

 bus," 1893 (American Historical Association); "Relics 

 of Columbus," " Recent Discoveries Concerning the 

 Early Settlement of America in the Archives of the 

 Vatican," "The Yankees of the East," "To-day in 

 France and Germany," "Between the Andes and the 

 Ocean," "The True Thomas Jefferson," "The Turk and 

 His Lost Provinces," "Denmark, Sweden, and Norway," 

 "The True Abraham Lincoln," "To-day in Syria and 

 Palestine," "Modern India," "Egypt, Burma 1 , and the 

 British East Indies." Member of nearly all learned 

 societies of United States and several in Europe. 



( 11 1 /on of Kedleston, Baron, English statesman 

 and author; viceroy of India, 1898-1905. His term of 

 office was extended. In June, 1905, difficulties over the 

 new military scheme in India led to his resigning. The 

 resignation was withdrawn at request of home author- 

 ities, but in August, controversy again reached an 

 acute stage, and Lord Cur/on finally relinquished office. 

 He remained in India to receive the Prince and Princess 

 of Wales. The "Times" spoke of his work as "among 

 the most brilliant and strenuous accomplished for the 

 empire in our limes," and of his having infused into 

 Indian civil administration a new spirit born of his own 

 indomitable belief in reform and his own unshaken 

 determination to carry it into practice. His wife died 

 in 1906. Elected chancellor of Oxford University, 

 March, 1907. 



dishing, Caleb, born in 1800; American lawyer 

 and diplomatist, in 1843, negotiated the first treaty of 

 the United States with China; was attorney-general 

 from 1853 to 1857, and one of three jurists entrusted 

 with the revision of the laws of Congress (1S66); in 

 1872, he was one of the counsel for the settlement of 

 the Alabama claims. Died, Is7'.t. 



Cuvier (ku'-ve-a), George Leopold Christian Fred- 

 erick Dagobert, Baron, was born at Montbeliard in 

 the duchy of Wiirttemburg in 1769. He devoted him- 

 self to the study of natural history, and gained extra- 

 ordinary celebrity. He was placed by Bonaparte in 



the mo.-t important ollices in the department of public 

 instruction. The additions he made to the general 

 stock of knowledge gave him fame throughout the 

 civilized world, and he was received with appropriate 

 honors by the scientific, when he visited England in 

 IMS, and in ISM. He died in ls;{J. 



Cyrus Mir (ireat, born circa, 590 B. C.; founder of 

 the Persian Empire; was the son of Cambyses and 

 Mandane, daughter of Astyages, King of Media. His 

 early history is probably mythical; in 559 B. C., he 

 excited the Persians against the Medes, defeated Asty- 

 ages, and usurped his throne. He subsequently con- 

 quered Lydia and Babylon, and marched against the 

 Massegata?, governed by Queen Tomyris, by whom he 

 was defeated and slain. Died, 5i_'9 B. C. 



Cyrus the Younger, born in 424 B. C.; son of 

 Darius, and governor of the western provinces of Asia 

 Minor; after unsuccessfully plotting against his elder 

 brother, Artaxerxes, raised a large army, including 

 about 12,000 Greek soldiers, with which he marched 

 against him, but was defeated and slain at Cunaxa. 

 Xenophon then conducted the retreat of the 10,000 

 surviving Greeks. Died, 401 B. C. 



Daguerre, Louis Jacques .Alande, born in 1789; 

 the inventor of photography by the daguerreotype 

 process, by which the portrait was fixed on a plate of 

 copper thinly coated with silver, by the successive 

 action of the vapors of iodine, bromine, and mercury, 

 in which invention he was associated with M. Niepce 

 Daguerre. He was also celebrated as a dio ramie painter; 

 was named by the French Government as an officer of 

 the Legion of Honor, and granted a pension of six thou- 

 sand francs. Died, 1851. 



Daniel, one of the Jewish prophets, is affirmed by 

 Josephus to have descended from the royal family of 

 Judah. While young, he was carried as a captive from 

 Jerusalem to Babylon. There his talents caused him 

 to be advanced to the rank of chief of the magi, or wise 

 men, and to the government of the province; and his 

 wisdom, courage, and skill in prophecy gave him great 

 distinction. He is supposed to have died about 

 year 534 B. C. 



Da I /.ell, John, congressman, lawyer; born in New 



York, April 19, 1845; removed to Pittsburgh, 1847; 



graduate of Yale, 1865; admitted to bar, 1867; has 



practiced ever since; for years one of the attorneys for 



the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for all its western 



lines; also attorney for many corporations in Allegheny 



County, Pa. Member of Congress since 1887; member 



' of Committee on Rules and Committee on Ways and 



! Means, 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, and 60th 



Congresses. 



Daniel, John Warwick, United States senator, 

 1887-1911; born in Lynchburg, Va., September 5, 

 1842; educated at Lynchburg College and Dr. Gessner 

 Harrison's University School; in Confederate States 

 Army of Northern Virginia throughout war; became 

 adjutant-general on General Early's staff; studied law 

 1 at University of Virginia, 1865-66; has practiced ever 

 since. Member of Virginia house of delegates, 1869-70, 

 1871-72; of State senate, 1875-81; presidential elector, 

 ! 1876; defeated for governor of Virginia, 1881; member 

 of Congress, 1885-87; member of National Democratic 

 conventions, 1880, 1888, and 1896; permanent chair- 

 man of latter. Author: "Attachments Under the Code 

 of Virginia," "Negotiable Instruments," etc. 



Dante Alighieri, Italian poet; was born in Florence, 

 , 1265. < )f his early days little is known, till, as related 

 j in his "Vita Nuova," he first met "the lady of his heart, 

 Beatrice." According to Boccaccio, she was the daugh- 

 ter of Folco Portinari, and married Simone de Bardi 

 and to her Dante was passionately but platonically 

 attached. She died in 1290, and shortly afterwards 

 Dante married Gemma Donati, a daughter of one of 

 the "Guelph" families. In 1289, he fought at Cam- 

 paldino, and was present at the surrender of Caprona. 

 After filling various minor offices, in 1300, he became 

 one of the six priors of Florence. In 1301, he went as 

 ambassador to Pope Boniface VIII., and never returned 

 to his native town. Charles of Valois aided the Neri or 

 Black Guelphs against their opponents, the Whites, of 

 whom Dante was a supporter, and, in 1302, he was 

 banished. He made many unsuccessful attempts to 

 return, and spent the remaining years of his life wander- 

 ing from town to town, finally .settling in Ravenna, 

 where he died in 1321. His most celebrated work is 

 the "Divina Commedia," and others are the "Vita 

 Nuova," the "Convito," and the "Canzoniere." 



Danton (d&n'ton,) George James, a French advo- 

 cate, and notorious republican; was born in 1750. He 

 took a leading part in dethroning Louis XVI., and was 

 a prominent actor in the sanguinary scenes that followed. 

 He became a formidable rival to his associate Robespierre, 



