430 . 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



Jerusalem. On March 10, 1863, he married Princess 

 Alexandra of Denmark, the surviving issue being one 

 son and three daughters. Late in 1871, he suffered 

 from a dangerous attack of typhoid fever, and his 

 recovery in February, 1872, was celebrated by a national 

 thanksgiving festival. Between November, 1875, and 

 March, 1876, the prince was engaged in a grand tour of 

 India. He has taken a great interest in exhibitions 

 and institutions, as the Colonial and Indian Exhibitions, 

 the Royal College of Music, and Imperial Institute. 

 Ascended throne as Edward VII., January 22, 1901. 



Edwards, Jonathan, was born at East Windsor, 

 Connecticut, October 5. 1703. He was a celebrated 

 metaphysician and divine, chiefly remembered as the 

 author of a treatise on "The Freedom of the Will." 

 He was the author, however, of several other treatises, 

 especially of one on the "Religious Affections," and of 

 a "History of Redemption," which have been many 

 times republished. At the time of his death he had 

 just been appointed to the presidency of Princeton 

 College, New Jersey. As a- preacher, Edwards was 

 especially famous; and, according to some authorities, 

 he ranks by his writings, in the Calyinistic school of 

 theology, amongst the greatest luminaries of the Chris- 

 tian Church. Died. 1758. 



Egan, Maurice Francis, educator, author, diplo- 

 mat; born in Philadelphia, May 24, 1852; graduated 

 at La Salle College; entered Georgetown, D. C., College-, 

 1875 (A. M., LL. D.); afterward sub-editor, consecu- 

 tively, of McGee's "Illustrated Weekly," "Catholic Re- 

 view," and (editor) "Freeman's Journal"; professor of 

 English literature, University of Notre Dame, Ind.; 

 J. U. D., Ottawa University, 1891. Author: "A Garden 

 of Roses," "Stories of Duty," "The Life Around Us," 

 "The Theater and Christian Parents." Translator (for 

 Mr. Augustin Daly), of "CpppeVs Pater," "Modern 

 Novelists," " Lectures on English Literature," "A Gentle- 

 man," "Jack Chumleigh," "Jack Chumleigh at Boarding 

 School," "A Primer of English Literature," "The Dis- 

 appearance of John Longwqrthy," "A Marriage of Rea- 

 son," "The Success of Patrick Desmond," "The Flower 

 of the Flock," "Preludes" (poems); "Songs and Son- 

 nets," and other poems; "The Vocation of Edward Con- 

 way," "The Chatelaine of the Roses," "Jasper Thome, 

 "In a Brazilian Forest," "The Leopard of Lancianus, 

 "Studies in Literature," "The Watson Girls," "Belinda, 

 "Belinda's Cousins," "The Sexton Maginnis Stories. 

 One of the editors of "The World's Best Literature, 

 "Encyclopedia of Irish Literature," etc. In 1907, ap- 

 pointed United States minister to Denmark. 



Egmont, La moral, Count, Prince de Gavre, Flem- 

 ish noble, was born in 1522; accompanied Charles V. 

 on his expedition to Africa (1544), and distinguished 

 himself against the French in the battles of St. Quentin 

 and Gravelines. During the regency of the Duchess of 

 Parma he sought to mediate between her and the people 

 of the Netherlands. Becoming obnoxious to Philip II., 

 owing to his connection with the Prince of Orange, he 

 was seized and executed at Brussels by the Duke of 

 Alva. Died. 1568. 



Eiffel, Gustaye (I'-fel), an eminent French engi- 

 neer, born at Dijon, 1832; early obtained a reputation 

 for bridge construction; designed the great Garabit 

 viaduct, and also the enormous locks for the Panama 

 canal; his most noted work is the gigantic iron tower 

 which bears his name; in 1893 became involved in the 

 Panama scandals, and was fined, and sentenced to two 

 years' imprisonment. 



Eldon, John Scott, Earl of, was born 1751, son of 

 a Newcastle coalfitter; after a successful career at 

 Oxford, entered the Middle Temple (1773), and was 

 called to the bar (1776); entered parliament as a sup- 

 porter of Pitt (1783); became solicitor-general (1787), 

 and as attorney-general (1793) prosecuted Thelwall, 

 Home Tooke, and other revolutionary agitators. He 

 became chief justice of the Common Pleas in 1799, 

 and was lord chancellor from 1801 to 1806, and 1807 

 to 1827. In politics he was an unbending Tory, oppos- 

 ing all improvements in the law or constitution. Died, 

 1838. 



Eliot, Charles William, born in Boston, Mass., 

 March 20, 1834; graduated at Harvard in 1853. He 

 taught mathematics and chemistry at Harvard, and in 

 1863 he went to Europe for study of chemistry and to 

 investigate the educational institutions of that conti- 

 nent. While at Vienna was chosen in 1865 professor 

 of analytical chemistry in Massachusetts Institute of 

 Technology, which post he filled for a period of four 

 years and again went to Europe and spent fourteen 

 months in further investigation, mainly in France. Dr. 

 Thomas Hill having resigned the presidency of Harvard 

 College, Mr. Eliot was in -1869 chosen to that office, 

 which he has since filled. During his administration, 



many notable changes in the government of the college 

 have occurred, its scope has broadened and a great in- 

 crease in the number of its professors and students is 

 seen, while its wealth by gifts and benefactions has 

 greatly increased, so that now it successfully competes 

 with the great European universities in its curriculum. 

 Mr. Eliot was given the honors of LL.D. by Williams 

 and Princeton colleges in 1869 and by Yale in 1870, and 

 is an honored member of many scientific and literary 

 bodies. Beside numerous addresses, chemical memoirs, 

 and technical investigations, he published in conjunction 

 with Prof. F. H. Storer a "Manual of Inorganic Chem- 

 istry," and a "Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analy- 

 sis." More recently he published "American Contribu- 

 tions to Civilization," "Educational Reform," and 

 "Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect." 



Eliot, George, the nom de plume of Marian Evans, 

 the great English novelist. She was born in Warwick- 

 shire, England, November 22, 1819. She received a 

 superior education, and became familiar with Latin, 

 German, and the higher mathematics. In 1844-46 she 

 translated Strauss' "Leben Jesu," and later Spinoza's 

 "Ethics," and other works. In 1851 she became assist- 

 ant editor of the "Westminster Review." At this time 

 she first met George Henry Lewes, and with him she 

 formed a connection, only terminated by his death in 

 1878. Lewes had been married many years, but his 

 wife proved unfaithful. He condoned her offense by 

 taking her back to his home, and, when she left him 

 finally, he was unable, by reason of the condonation, to 

 secure a divorce under the law of England. Under 

 these circumstances, and after due deliberation, Lewes 

 and Miss Evans decided to live together. 



In 1857, the first of the "Scenes of Clerical Life" 

 appeared in "Blackwood," and in 1858 "Adam Bede" 

 was published. This magnificent piece of work at once 



? laced its author in the front rank of living writers, 

 t was followed in succession by "The Mill on the Floss," 

 "Silas Marner," "Romola," and "Felix Holt," the latter 

 appearing in 1866. George Eliot published her first 

 poem, "The Spanish Gypsy," but neither this nor 

 others which followed proved as successful as her prose 

 writings. "Middlemarch," by many considered as even 

 superior to "Adam Bede," was issued in 1871, and five 

 years later appeared "Daniel Deronda," a much inferior 

 work. Mr. Lewes died in November, 1878, and Miss 

 Evans married on May 6, 1880, a stockbroker, named 

 John Cross, a man much younger than herself. Died, 

 1880. 



Elizabeth, Queen of England, daughter of Henry 

 VIII. and Anne Boleyn, was born 1533. Her education 

 was entrusted to the most learned men of the age, and 

 she became an accomplished scholar. During the reign 

 of her sister Mary she was imprisoned for a time in the 

 Tower. On her accession (1558), Mary's enactments in 

 favor of Romanism were abrogated; by the Act of 

 Supremacy the sovereign again became head of the 

 Church, and a form of worship was established which, it 

 was hoped, would conciliate moderate men of all parties. 

 At first the spirit of discontent dared not show itself 

 amidst the general satisfaction. But after the escape of 

 Mary Stuart into England (1568), her presence in the 

 country was a constant source of disquiet. She was the 

 heir to the throne, and as Elizabeth persistently refused 

 to marry, it seemed probable that she would be her 

 successor. The disaffected Papists were further encour- 

 aged by the sentence of excommunication pronounced 

 against Elizabeth by the Pope, and by the triumph of 

 their cause abroad; Jesuits from Douay traversed the 

 country in disguise, several plots were formed, and it 

 became necessary to put the penal enactments against 

 Recusants more stringently in force. The Protestantism 

 of the country was acutely aroused, and a strong party 

 in the council urged the queen to put herself forward as 

 the champion of the Reformed faith on the Continent. 

 But Elizabeth chose rather to encourage a feeling of 

 independence and energy at home than to involve 

 England in foreign complications; the prudence and 

 patriotism of her policy we.re fully proved by the after 

 history of her reign. The growing feeling of nationality 

 proved stronger than the lingering attachment to the 

 old faith, especially after the hopes of the Roman 

 Catholics haa been dashed by the execution of Mary 

 (1587), and when Philip of Spain sent his long-pro- 

 jected expedition against England (1588) Papists as 

 well as Protestants came zealously forward in defense 

 of the realm. During the latter part of the reign, the 

 disturbances created by the Puritans foreshadowed the 

 troubles of the opening century. Died, 1602. 



Elizabeth, St., of Hungary, was born 1207, a 

 daughter of Andrew II., King of Hungary, and the wife 

 of Louis IV., Landgrave of Thuringia. Left a widow 

 after six years of marriage, and when she was only 



