BIOGRAPHY 



431 



twenty years of age, she was deprived of her regency Erasmus, Destderius, one of the greatest scholars 

 by her husband's brother Henry, and lived for some of the Renaissance; born in 1467, at Rotterdam; on his 

 time in great poverty. Ultimately, the regency was parents' death entered a monastery, which he left to 

 once more offered to her, and her son Hermann was | become a teacher at Paris, and, at the invitation of his 

 declared heir to the throne; but she preferred hence- pupil. Lord Mountjoy, came to England. He settled at 

 forth to live in retirement at Marburg, and to d. rd, where he became the friend of More, and studied 



herself to works of piety under the direction of her con- divinity under Colet, and Greek under Grocyn and 

 fessor Conrad. Died. 1231. ! Linacre. In 1506 he visited Italy, staying at Bologna 



Klliott. Maxine (Mrs. N. C. Goodwin), actress; born and Rome, where he was warmly received, but returned 

 in Kockland, Me.; made ddbut with . S. Willard in to England, and was made Margaret professor of divinity 

 small parts; soon after played leading parts in Rose and professor of Greek at Cambridge. He returned to 

 Coghlan's company; was under Augustin Daly's man- the Continent, and, after a journey to the Low Countries, 

 agement two seasons; later played in Nathan Hale as settled at Basle, where he published his edition of the 

 co-star with her husband, Nat. C. Goodwin, to whom New Testament. Erasmus was in favor of moderate 

 she was married February 20, 1898. | reform in the church, as is shown by his " Enchiridion 



Oliver, jurist, was born in \Vindsor. Militis Christian! " and " Encomium Moria?." but he gave 



Conn., April 29. 1745. He became prominent in State 

 affairs and in the Continental Congress, and was a mem- 

 ber of tin- federal convention of 1787, which prepared 

 the constitution of the United States. It was on his 



that the words "National government" in that 

 organic act were replaced by the definition "Govern- 

 ment of the United States." He became United States 

 senator from Connecticut in 1789. and was chairman of 



nit tee which organized the federal judicial sys- 

 tem. He led the Federalist party in the Senate, and 

 was an earnest advocate of Jay's treaty with England in 



From 1796 to 1799 he was chief justice of the 



little s 

 against 



support 



ist him. 



to Luther, although he refused to write 

 Died. 1536. 



Eric the Red, a Norwegian navigator, who. in 982, 

 located on the island of Iceland. In 983 <he sailed from 

 Bredifiord to reach some western shore said to have 

 been visited by one of his countrymen in former times. 

 On the voyage he passed Cape Farewell, and on the 

 coast met with reindeer. He named the country Green- 

 land and the inlet Ericfiord. Returning to Iceland in 

 985, he interested the people of the island in his discov- 

 ery, and with twenty-five sail set out for the voyage. 

 Some of the ships were lost in a storm, and others were 



ipreme Court, and in 1800 negotiated, driven home; but he succeeded in reaching the Green- 

 with Patrick Henry and Governor Davie, a treaty with land coast with fourteen, and located on the fiord, at 



France. He afterward served on the governor's council some distance from the ocean, where there 



of Connecticut, and in_May, 1807, became chief justice j and trees. About twelve years later his son Lief is said 



-upreme Court. Died, 1807. 

 I'.merson. K.ilph \Valdq. an American poet and 

 prose writer, born at Boston in 1803. He graduated at 

 Harvard in 1821, for five years taught in a school, and 

 in 1829 became minister to a Unitarian church in Bos- 

 ton, but in 1832 resigned his charge. He spent the greater 

 part of 18.'W m Europe, and on his return began his 

 career as a lecturer on various subjects, in which capacity 

 he acted for a long series of years. In 1835 he took up 

 his permanent residence at Concord, Mass., and in 1836 

 published a small volume called "Nature." He was one 

 of the original editors of the Dial, a transcendental 

 magazine begun in 1840. Two volumes of his essays 

 were published in 1841 and 1844, and his poems in 1846. 

 His miscellaneous addresses had been published in Eng- 

 land in 1844, and on visiting Great Britain in 1847 he 

 was welcomed by a large circle of admirers. In 1850, 

 he published "Representative Men"; in 1856, "English 

 Traits"; in 1860. "The Conduct of Life"; in 1869, 

 "May Day and Other Poems," and "Society and Soli- 

 tude ; in 1871, "Parnassus," a collection of poems; in 

 1876. "Letters and Social Aims." Emerson showed 

 certain similarities with Carlyle, of whom he was a 

 friend and correspondent. Their correspondence ap- 



to have discovered the continent of North America, 

 which he called Markland and Vinland. 



Ericsson, John, engineer, born in Lanibanshyttan. 

 Sweden, January 31. !>-"<. At the age of twelve he 

 became cadet of engineers, and at seventeen 

 the Swedish army; in 1827 he was promoted captain. 

 In 1828 he constructed a flame engine, and 

 London to introduce it, resigning his captaincy in the 

 army. He also produced in succession an instrument 

 for sea-sounding, a hydrostatic weighing machine, and 

 a tubular steam boiler, besides other important 

 In 1833 he constructed the caloric engine, and in 1853 

 the ship "Ericsson," of 2,000 tons, propelled by this 

 motor. In 1836 Ericsson invented and patented the 

 screw propeller, and in 1839 he came to the United 

 States, where, in 1841. he designed for the government 

 the screw-propelled war ship " 1'rmceton." This was the 

 pioneer screw war ship; she carried a twelve-inch 

 wrought-iron gun. designed by Ericsson, and a wrought- 

 iron gun carriage, which took up the recoil without 

 breaking. In 1861 he built for the United States Gov- 

 ernment, in 100 days, the iron-clad "Monitor." which, 

 on March 9, 1862. in Hampton Roads, defeated the 

 Confederate iron-clad ram "Merrimac." In 1881 he 

 built for the United States a vessel called the " Destroyer.' 

 His recent scientific investigations included computa- 

 tions of the influences that retard the earth's rotary 

 motion, and the intensity of solar heat. Died, 1880* 



1. 1 -kin.-. Thomas, Lord, born in 1750; son of the 



peared in 1883. He was one of the most original and 

 influential writers that the United States has produced. 

 1S82. 



inn. I, I ilibert. Duke of Savoy, son of Charles 



III., born l.YJs. wa> commander-in-chief of the imperial 



troops in Italy against the French, who, on his father's 



death, seized most of his inheritance; appointed govern- 



therlands by Philip II. in 1556, he attacked 



France. winning the battle of St. quentm, and by the | and of Lord George Gordon. A strong Whig, he 

 Treaty of Chateau-Cambresis (1559) recovered his ances- for the defense m the political trials of the tune. 

 tral domains, and married Marguerite, sister of the King his aid to Home Tooke, Thelwall. and Tom ', 

 of France. He applied himself to the administrative his defense of the latter cost him the post of attorney- 

 -.miration of his country, and is con- ! general to the Prince of \\al.s. ||, was now regarded 

 sidered the founder of the Sardinian monarchy. Died, as the defender of |>opular liberties* and constitutional 



I . tSl I. 



t-ntli Karl of Buchan; after serving in the army and 



navy, was called to the bar in 1778. and soon 

 as an advocate by his defense i 



Robert. Irish revolutionist, born 1778; 



' Dublin <! led from Dublin I'niver- 



!7'.'S owing to his anti-Knuh-h sympat 

 1803 led an unsuccessful attack on Dublin Castle; es- 



caped int 



klow. but was captured :m d executed 



Hoy Moore. 



\v 



Ihe 



I i . '-.ic philosopher of the 1st century. 



A. D.. born at Hierapob 



'hroditus. a favorite of Nero. When eman- 



cipn 





lectures were transcribed by his pupil. Ai 



I i.i.nnis. (Jreek philosop 

 B. C. It Is doubtful whether 

 or after his arents' removal fr 



pirun. 



philosopher, was born !> 



In* birth " 

 om Cnw* 

 Hin youth was s,H-nt in t 





he removed to Athens, when about nirhtwn. and nfti-r- 



1 



till his death. He was founder of 1 1 

 who hold that the tummum fomum 

 chiefly mental pleasure. Died 



rights. From 1790, he sat in parliament as a 



in 1806, became chancellor under him. an. I 

 raised to the peerage. Henceforward he took little nut 

 in politics, but vigorously supported Queen Caroline 



1. Died. 1X23. 



I si., inc. < \\.^\\< ^ II. tor. ( mint d*. ' 

 1 ren. h admiral; after serving in the army in Indin. 

 under the Marquis de Huwy. ami IHMUR made prisoner 

 at the siege of Madras, entered the lr*l an 



expedition to Sumatra, capturing ncvrral Kngltsh forte. 



Placed in command of a f 



States againnt l.nnland. he captured the I nip of 



but ultimately met \\ith rrvrnww. nml rrturnwl to France 



in disgrace. Be was guillotined during the Revolution. 



I ) I 1 7O4 



i ,l of Me i. .ml rift, a celebrated gr...,,. 



of hi* bfo. According to Proclus. be 

 |Wd troq Hi M IB < . md one "t UM Platook 



s.l ! II. .. ,.-..- ,.- m "' I "' VOd - !.!."< 



the ' 1 i. in. !,i i ..:,,.- , 



rim.-ne. I r.mols. , offi .. bl III D IMS, 



\,,. ;...... ierv . .i - itci U i. I :.,-.. t.-t UM 



