432 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



Turks in 1683, and was present at the siege of Belgrade. 

 in 1688. After serving against the 1 'reach, and defeat - 

 ing Catinat in Italy, he overthrew the Turks at Xenta. 

 Again opposed to the French in the War of S . 

 he captured Villeroi at Cremona, and joined Marl- 

 borough in 1704, taking part in the battle of Blenheim. 

 He then went to Italy, and was defeated at Cassano 

 (1705), but soon afterwards trained a victory, and re- 

 lieved Turin. In 170S, he joined Marlborough in 1- lan- 

 ders, and was present at Oudenarde and Malplaquet. 

 He again distinguished himself asrainst the Turks at 

 the battles of Petenrandin and Belgrade. Died, 17'M. 



Euler, I.eoiihard. mathematician; born in Basle in 

 1707; was invited by Catherine 11. to Russia in 1727, 

 and taught mathematics at St. Petersburg. In 17-11. 

 he went to Berlin, but returned to St. Petersburg in 

 1766. His writings are numerous and valuable. Died, 

 1783. 



Euripides, Greek tragedian; born in Salamis in 

 480 B. C.; rtval and contemporary of Sophocles, and 

 friend of Socrates; studied under Anaxagoras, and pro- 

 duced his first tragedy in 455. He sought in Macedonia 

 a refuge from the satire of Aristophanes. Among his 

 works are the ".Alcestis," ".Hecuba," and ".Medea." 

 Died, 406 B. C. 



Eusehius. I'amphili (u-se'Jx-us), a celebrated divine 

 honored with the title of "Father of Ecclesiastical His- 

 tory," was born in Ca-sarea in 266. He was bishop of 

 his native city from 314 till his death, about 340. 



Eustachio, Bartolommeo (us-t&sh'e-d), an Italian 

 physician of the Sixteenth Century, settled in Rome, 

 and made several anatomical discoveries, among others 

 those of the tube from the middle ear to the mouth, 

 and a valve on the wall of the right auricle of the heart, 

 both called "Eustachian" after him. 



I : vans, Robley Dunglison, officer of United States 

 Navy; born in Floyd County, Va., August 18, 1846; 

 educated in public schools of Washington; appointed 

 to the United States Navy for Utah, September 20, 

 1860; graduate of United States Naval Academy, 1863; 

 rear admiral, February 11, 1901. During the Civil War 

 he participated in both attacks on Fort Fisher, January 

 15, 1865, and in land attack received four severe rifle- 

 shot wounds. When in command of the "Yorktown" 

 at Valparaiso, Chile, 1891, during period of strained 

 relations between Chile and United States, his actions 

 in connection with various incidents earned him his 

 popular name of "Fighting Bob." In war with Spain, 

 commander of "Iowa" in Sampson's fleet off Santiago, 

 taking active part in battle with Cervera's fleet, July 3, 

 1898; was president of Board of Inspection and Survey; 

 commander-in-chief at Asiatic Station, October, 1902, 

 and in command of the Asiatic expedition, 1908. 

 Author: "A Sailor's Log." 



Ev'erett, Alexander Hill, an American litterateur 

 and diplomatist, was born in Massachusetts in 1792, 

 and died while commissioner to China, in 1847. He 

 was minister to Russia, Holland, and Spain. 



Everett, Edward, born in 1794; American author 

 and statesman, brother of the preceding; became pro- 

 fessor of Greek at Harvard in 1815; traveled in Europe 

 from 1815 to 1818; became editor of the "North Ameri- 

 can Review," and was a member of Congress from 

 1824 to 1834; governor of Massachusetts from 1835 to 

 1839; and from 1840 to 1845, minister-plenipotentiary 

 to England, in which capacity he succeeded in adjusting 

 several delicate matters. He became secretary of state 

 in 1852, and was elected to the senate in 1853. He 

 wrote ".The Dirge of Alaric the Visigoth" (a poem), 

 " Lives of Washington and General Stark," and other 

 works, but was best known as an orator. Died, 1865. 



Ezckiel (e-ze'-ke-el), one of the four great Hebrew 

 prophets, was the son of Buzi, and one of the sacerdotal 

 race. He was carried to Babylon as a captive by 

 Nebuchadnezzar, 598 B. C. Favored by the Almighty 

 with the gift of prophecy, he soothed, and comforted, 

 and admonished his countrymen, till at length he was 

 stoned to death by order of the Babylonian authorities. 



Fabius, Maximus Quintus, born about 275 B. C.; 

 Roman general, was great-grandson of the preceding, 

 and was surnamed "Cunctator" because, haying, in 

 217, been appointed dictator for the second time and 

 entrusted with the defense of Italy against the victori- 

 ous Hannibal, he pursued a course of cautious and 

 patient generalship, never risking a general engagement 

 with his opponent, but cutting off his supplies, and 

 gradually wearying him out, and meeting with signal 

 success. Before his appointment to the dictatorship, 

 he was five times consul. Died, 203 B. C. 



Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel, born in 1686; Prus- 

 sian experimental philosopher; after traveling in Eng- 

 land, Germany, and France, settled in Holland. About 

 1714, it occurred to him to use quicksilver instead of 



spirits of wine in the construction of thermometers. 

 By this substitution the accuracy of the instrument was 

 greatly enhanced. In 1724, he was elected a Fellow of 

 the Royal Society of London, and in the "Philosophical 

 Transactions" of that year there appeared several 

 papers from his pen. Died, 1736. 



Fairbanks, Charles Warren, vice-president of the 

 Tinted States; born on a farm near Unionville Center, 

 Union County, O., May 11, 1852; graduate of Ohio 

 Wesleyan University, Delaware, O., 1S7J; admitted to 

 Ohio bar, 1S7-1, and established practice at Indianapolis. 

 Was Republican caucus nominee for United States 

 senator, 1893, but defeated by David Turpie, Democrat. 

 Appointed, in 189S, member of Joint High British- 

 American Commission, and chairman of American com- 

 missioners. Elected I'm ted States senator from Indi- 

 ana, 1897, and reflected in 1903; elected vice-president, 

 in 1904; term expires in 1909. 



Fair'fax, Thomas, Lord, an English parliamen- 

 tarian general, was born in Yorkshire, in 1611. After 

 serving with distinction in the Low Countries. Lord 

 Fairfax was declared general-in-chief of the parliament 

 army at the opening of the civil war, in 1642, and airain 

 in 1645. He distinguished himself in most of the great 

 battles and sieges of that struggle, and after its close 

 refused to act as one of the judges of Charles I. In 

 1659, Lord Fairfax used all his influence with the army 

 to promote the restoration of Charles II. Died, 1671. 



Falconio, Diomede, Archbishop and apostolic dele- 

 gate; born in Pescocostanzo, in the Abruzzi, Italy; 

 entered Franciscan Order, September 2, 1860; on com- 

 pletion of studies, November, 1865, sent as missionary 

 to United States; ordained priest, January 4, 1866, by 

 Bishop Timon, of Buffalo; professor of philosophy and 



vice-president of St. Bonaventure's College, Allegheny. 

 N. Y., 1866; professor of theology and secretary of 

 Franciscan Province of the Immaculate Conception, 

 1867; president of college and seminary of St. Bona- 

 venture, 1868; became citizen of United States, 1868; 

 secretary and administrator of cathedral at Harbor 

 Grace, Newfoundland, 1872-82; in United States, 

 1882-83; returned to Italy, 1883, and elected provin- 

 cial of Franciscans in the Abruzzi; later reflected and 

 was also commissary and visitor-general, Province of 

 Naples, 1888; synodical examiner in diocese of Aquila; 

 commissary and visitor-general Franciscan Province in 

 Puglia, 1889; procurator-general Franciscan Order and 

 visitor-general in various provinces of the Order, 1889- 

 92. Consecrated, July 17, 1892, Bishop of Lacedonia, 

 and was raised, November 29, 1895, to be Archbishop 

 of Acerenza and Matera, in Basilicata; apostolic dele- 

 gate to Canada, 1899-1902; apostolic delegate to 

 United States since September 30, 1902. A volume of 

 his "Pastoral Letters" (translated into French) pub- 

 lished in Canada, 1900. 



Faraday, Michael (jftr'ah-da), one of the most emi- 

 nent of English chemists and physicists, was born in 

 Surrey, in 1791. In 1833, he became professor of 

 chemistry in the Royal Institution, London, where his 

 lectures attracted the admiration of European and Am- 

 erican savans. Faraday's great fame principally rests 

 upon his discoveries in electricity and electro-magnet- 

 ism. Of the latter science he may truly be termed the 

 founder. His earlier writings have been collected into 

 three volumes, entitled "Experimental Researches in 

 Electricity"; and, among his later works, "Experi- 

 mental Researches in Chemistry and Physics." Died, 

 1867. 



Farragut, David Glasgow, a famous American ad- 

 miral, of Spanish extraction; born at Knoxville, Ten- 

 nessee, 1801 ; entered the navy as a boy; rose to be captain 

 in 1855, and at the outbreak of the Civil War attached 

 himself to the Union; distinguished himself by his daring 

 capture of New Orleans; in 1862 was created rear-ad- 

 miral, and two years later gained a signal victory over 

 the Confederate fleet at Mobile Bay; was raised to the 

 rank of admiral in 1866, being the first man to hold this 

 position in the American Navy. Died, 1870. 



I enclon (ftn'-a-lbng), Francois de Salignac de la 

 Mot he, an eminent French divine and writer; was born 

 in 1651, and died in 1715. 



Ferdinand I., "the Great," King of Castile, of Leon 

 and Galicia; was the second son of Sancho III., King of 

 Navarre and Castile, and succeeded to the latter king- 

 dom in 1035. He was one of the most powerful mon- 

 archs of his age, and disputed with Henry III. of Ger- 

 many for the imperial crown. Died, 1065. 



Ferdinand V. of Castile. III. of Naples, and II. of 

 Aragon and Sicily, surnamed "the Catholic." He was 

 the son of John II., and succeeded his father on the 

 throne of Aragon and Sicily in 1466. In 1469 he was 

 married to Isabella, sister of Henry IV. of Castile, and 

 in 1479 became, through her, King of Castile, Isabella 



