BIOGRAPHY 



441 



sylvania, 1872; since then in oil and gas production; 

 probably the largest individual oil producer in the United 

 extensively engaged in silver and gold mining, 

 with large bituminous coal holdings; well-known as a 

 leader in Democratic politics, and a member for Penn- 

 sylvania on National Committee, but never held or was 

 a candidate for office. 



(iuido (ffue'do). Rent* a famous Italian painter of the 

 Bolognese school; born in 1575. After studying 

 under the Caracci, he took up his residence in Rome, 

 where he obtained the patronage of Pope Paul V. His 

 - are characterized by an exquisite grace of 

 expression and delicacy of touch. Among his "chefs- 

 d'oeuvre" may be quoted "The Martyrdom of St. 

 can), "The Assumption," and ".The 

 Massacre of the Innocents." Died, lt;4J. 



<.iii-r;ird. Robert, born in 1015; Norman soldier; son 



of Tancred d'Houteville: defeated Leo IX. at Civitella. 



ami. with his brother Humphrey, was invested by him 



with the dukedom of Apulia. Subsequently he rescued 



Gregory VII. from the Emperor Henry IV., invaded the 



Empire, and died when on another expedition 



it, having defeated the fleets of the Eastern 



e and Venice. Died, 1085. 



<.iiit,-r.i-, John, professor of general pathology and 

 diseases. University of Havana, since August, 

 1900; born in Matanzas, Cuba. January 4, 1852; edu- 

 cated at La Empresa, Matanzas; M. 1)., University of 

 Pennsylvania, 1873 (Ph. I).). In marine hospital service, 

 1879-89; served as expert in yellow fever in all epi- 

 -ince 1881; was professor of pathology, Univer- 

 1 Vnnsyl vania ; on staff of General Shaf ter as yellow 

 ;-ert in Santiago campaign, 1898. Prominent in 

 Cuban politics in this country. Editor "La Revista de 



i Tropical." 



(.iii/nt, Francois Pierre Gulllaume (pe-zo'), a dis- 

 tinguished French scholar, historian, and statesman, 

 was born in 1787. As an author. Guizot has 

 been pronounced by the "Edinburgh Review," "the 

 greatest French writer of his time, and scarce owning an 

 equal in any other country." His chief works are a 

 translation of Gibbons's "Decline and Fall," a "History 

 of Civilization (fifth edition, 1845), "Histoire de la R- 

 volution d'Angleterre (1827-56), a "Life of Oliver Crom- 

 well. " and a "History of France" (1870). Died. 1874. 



<in-tavus (gu9-t<ir'u*> i- the name of four kings of 

 Sweden. Gustavus I. (Vasa) was born at Stockholm, 

 1496. He drove the Danish usurper, Christian II., from 

 ii.try, and was crowned king, 1527; died, 1559. 

 Gustavus II. (Adolphus), grandson of above, one of the 

 greatest generals of history, was born, 1594; crowned, 

 1611; killed at the battle of Liitzen, Germany, 1632. 

 He defeated the Prussians and Poles, and as champion 

 of the Protestant cause overran nearly the whole of 

 Germany. Gustavus III., born in 1746, was crowned, 

 1771; assassinated by Ankarstrom, one of his nobles. 



ustavus IV.. born in 1778,suc< t -.-<l-,l his father, 

 Gustavus III., 1792; was deposed, and died in Swit/.er- 



<.utenbrrg, Johann (goo'ten-bairg), the inventor of 



the art of printing; horn in M.-nt/.. < Jermany, 1400. 



i into partnership with John Faust 



i connection severed five years later by a lawsuit 



the parties, m consequence of which (lutenberg 



was compelled to resign to Faust all the appliances and 



s of his invention. I tied, 1468. 



(.u\oi. i mold, born in 1807; Swiss geographer and 

 t; went to America in IM'i. and devoted his hfe 

 e' was professor of geology and physical geog- 



Princeton College; formed an int.n. . 

 Agassis, and made numerous maps, mathematical tables 



were "Tl,. 



rological and Physical Tables" issued by the Smith 

 it .on. and his " Earth 



ll;ulle\. \itlmr T \\inini:, p resident of Yale "ince 

 June 29, 1SW); born in n, Conn., April j:<. 



1856; graduate of 



irer. 1883-86. 

 1885; professor of ixihtical IS86-99. 



Laws." "Connecticut Labor I 







i of the 



mi and l{r|Hintbilit.v 

 ' the tenth edition ol 



II . I II. inrlrli. bom ... Pol d 



fioor of 



n .-ill imrts of 



l.ur..pe. and visited Egypt, Syria, a- -r. In 



1881. he went to India. His chief works are "Natural 

 History of Creation." "The Origin of the Human Race," 

 Popular Lectures on Evolution," contributions to the 

 "Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger." etc." 



Haggard, Henry Rider, English novelist; born in 

 Bradenham, Norfolk. 1856; went to Natal in 1875. as 

 secretary to Sir H. Bulwer, and was afterwards master 

 of the High Court of the Transvaal. In 1879, he returned 

 to England, and published in 1882, "Cetewayo and his 

 White Neighbors." This was followed by several novels. 

 the chief of which were "Dawn. ..... Hie Witch's Head." 



"King Solomon's Mines," and "She." "Jess." ".Cleopa- 

 tra," ' Beatrice." and "Eric Brighteyes. 



Ifahncmunn, Christian Samuel Friedrich, born in 

 1755; German physician, the founder of honm-opathy. 

 to which he was led by experiments made on himself with 

 Peruvian bark. He practiced at I^eipzig. but was 

 obliged to retire on account of the hostility of the apothe- 

 caries there. He was invited to Ktithen by the Duke of 

 Anhalt, and afterwards spent eight years in Paris. He 

 expounded his system in 'Organon of the Healing Art," 

 and other works. Died, 1843. 



Hale, Edward I \< xu. author, chaplain United 

 States Senate; born in Boston. April 3, 1822; studied 

 in Boston Latin school; graduate of Harvard. 1839. 

 S. T. D., 1879; (LL. D., partmouth, 1901, Williams. 

 1904): studied theology; licensed to preach; minister 

 Church of the Unity. Worcester, Mass., 1846-56: Prom- 

 inent promoter of "Chautauqua" circles and Lend-a- 

 Hand ft clubs. Editor " I,end-a-Hand Record." Author 

 (stories) : "The Man Without a Country; " "Ten Times 

 One is Ten." "Margaret Percival in America," "In His 

 Name," "Mr. Tangier's Vacations." "Mrs. Merriam's 

 Scholars." "His I^evel Best." "The Ingham Papers." 

 'Ups and Downs," "Philip Nolan's Friends." 

 "Fortunes of Rachel," "Four and Five," "Crusoe in 

 New York," "Christmas Eve and Christmas Day," 

 "Christmas in Narragansett." "Our Christmas in a 

 Palace." Other works: "Sketches in Christian His- 

 tory," " Kansas and Nebraska," "What Car- 

 Heroes," "The Story of Massachusetts," "Sybaris and 

 other Homes," "For Fifty Years" (poems), "A New 

 England Boyhood," "Chautauquan History of the 

 t iiited States." "If Jesus Came to Boston." Memories 

 of a Hundreil Years," "Ralph Waldo Kmerson." "We, 

 the People," "New England Ballads." Prayers in the 

 United States Senate." Editor: "Modern Achievement." 

 ten volumes, 1905. 



Hale, Eugene, United States senator from Maine. 

 1881-1911; born in Turner. Oxford County, Me.. June 

 9. 1836; academic education (LL. 1).. Bates College. 

 Colby University and Bowdoin College) ; admitted to 

 bar, 1857; county attorney of Han.-o, -k County for 

 nine years; member of Maine Legislature. 1S67, 1868. 

 and 1880; member of Congress. 1869-79. Was appoint- 

 ed postmaster-general by President Grant. 1^ 

 declined; was tendered naval portfolio by President 

 Hayes, but declined; delegate to National Republican 

 conventions, isf.s. ix7-,. and ISMI. 



Hale. 9Il M.ml.eu, born in 1609: English judge. 

 was called to the bar in 1630. Though a Royal. -t. he 

 was appointed head of the committee for prevention of 

 delays and expenses of law in Hi.'.j; became a judge of 

 common pleas in 1655, and sat in parliament till the 

 Restoration, when he was made lord chief baron In 

 1671, he became lord chief justice, and resigned just 

 before his death. He wrote a " History of the Plea* of 



the Crown." " Dilli- and an essay on "Gravi 



tation of lluids " hied. 



II. ill. (.LIMN ille -in.'. . ! pmfcwor of 



psychology, Clark rmver-itv. since 1888; l*rn 

 tield. Ma--.. February 1. iMo; graduate of William*. 



Ph. D.. Hnrvar 

 ..f MichitM 



1872-76; studied in Berlin, Hon... liridHberc ami 



illiams 

 ,1881 



Culture. 



, . 



; lecturer on psychology in Harvard nnd Williams 

 ; professorof p\ * Hopkins ,1881- 



iarned. Author: " A -e, t* of German Culture." 



iography 



erican 



ry. 

 Edu- 



Leipzig 

 isso M 



Miarned. Author: " A -pe, t* 

 II ve Bibl 



luc.-ition" (with John M Man 



i founder of "Tin* 



Journal of Piycholog: -iaogical Se 



i Journal of Religious Psychology a 

 cat ion " 



II. ill. mi. Henry, an English hi*tor 

 greatest 



of the Si:,'- :ig the Middle Aft**." 



Constitution:*; I nland from tl.< 



the Death of Oeoreo II.." and hi* master- 

 piece. tho "Introduction i> the Literature 



tteeuth, and Seventeenth Centurie. 



