442 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



Hainan, a courtier of Ahasuerus, King of IVrsia: 

 out of motives of personal revenge, sought the extermi- 

 nation of the Jewish race in that kingdom, in which 

 design he was thwarted by Esther (q. v.), who effected 

 his disgrace, about 485 B. C. 



Hamilcar Barea, a Carthaginian leader, father of 

 Hannibal, and head of a faction at Carthage; com- 

 manded in Sicily in the first Punic War, at the close of 

 which he defeated the mercenaries, who had rebelled ; 

 was killed in battle with the Vettones when meditating 

 a fresh attack upon the Romans. Died, 228 B. C. 



Hamilton, Alexander, American general and states- 

 man; born in St. Kitts in 1757; published, when 17, 

 some papers on the rights of the colonies, and before he 

 was 19, was captain of artillery. In 1777, he was Wash- 

 ington's aide-de-camp, in 1782, a member of Congress, 

 and, in 1787, a delegate to the convention which drew 

 up the American Constitution. Washington appointed 

 him secretary to the treasury, and, in 1798, he became 

 second-in-command of the army, of which he became 

 afterwards commander-in-chief. He was killed (1804) 

 in a duel with Colonel Burr, Vice-President of the United 

 States. 



Hamilton, Sir William, Bart., born in 1788; 

 Scottish metaphysician, became, in 1821, professor of 

 moral philosophy at Edinburgh, and, subsequently, of 

 universal history. From 1836, when he became pro- 

 fessor of logic and metaphysics, he was widely known 

 as a philosophical writer. His chief books were an 

 edition of Reid's works, "Discussions on Philosophy, 

 Literature, and Education," and his "Lectures," pub- 

 lished after his death. He left his library to the Uni- 

 versity of Glasgow, Died, 1856. 



Ha in I in, Hannibal, American statesman; born in 

 Paris. Maine, in 1809; practiced as a lawyer, and became 

 a member of the State Legislature. In 1842, he was 

 elected as a Democrat to Congress; was United States 

 senator from 1848 to 1857. when he was elected governor 

 on the Republican ticket, but resigned immediately on 

 again being elected senator. In 1861, he became vice- 

 president under Lincoln, whose views he shared. He 

 was again senator from 1869 to 1881, when he was named 

 minister to Spain. He was chiefly instrumental in pass- 

 ing the "Wilmot proviso" through the House of Repre- 

 sentatives. Died, 1891. 



Hammond, James Bartlett, typewriter inventor; 

 born in Boston, April 23, 1839; graduate of University 

 of Vermont, 1861; newspaper correspondent during 

 Civil War; graduate of Union Theological Seminary, 

 1865; studied philosophy and science at University of 

 Halle, Germany; devoted many years to mechanical 

 experiments; patented, 1880, a typewriting machi-ne 

 made on scientific principles; introduced "Ideal" key- 

 board and true alignment in the " Hammond Type- 

 writer"; put machine on market, 1884; won highest 

 honors in competitions. Collaborator on American 

 translation of "Lange's Commentary on The Psalms," 

 1884. 



Hammond, John Hays, mining engineer; born in 

 San Francisco, March 31, 1855; graduate of Sheffield 

 Scientific School, Yale, Ph. B., 1876 (A. M., Yale); 

 mining course at Royal School of Mines, Freiburg, 

 Saxony. Special expert of United States Geological 

 Survey, 1880, examining California gold fields; later 

 in Mexico, and afterward consulting engineer of Union 

 Iron Works, San Francisco, and to Central and Southern 

 Pacific railways; has examined properties in all parts 

 of the world; became consulting engineer for Barnato 

 Bros., 1893, and later for Cecil Rhodes, of whom he 

 became a strong supporter; consulting engineer of Con- 

 solidated Gold Fields of South Africa, British South 

 Africa Company, and the Randfontein Estates Gold 

 Mining Company. Was one of four leaders in reform 

 movement in the Transvaal, 1895-96; after Jameson 

 Raid (with which he was not in sympathy), was ar- 

 rested and sentenced to death; sentence was afterward 

 commuted to fifteen years' imprisonment; and later 

 was released on payment of a fine of $125,000; went 

 to London and became interested in many large mining 

 companies; returned to the United States and has 

 traveled extensively, examining mines in United States 

 and Mexico. 



Hampden, John, an English patriot and parlia- 

 mentary leader, was born in London, in 1594. During 

 the twenty-two years he held a seat in the House 9f 

 Commons,. he identified himself as an advocate of public 

 opinion and champion of popular rights, when the 

 latter were encroached upon by Charles I. and his gov- 

 ernment. He suffered imprisonment for his refusal to 

 pay the obnoxious ship money; was one of the framers 

 of the Grand Remonstrance; and also one of the five 

 members illegally committed to prison by order of the 



kiim. Hampdcn was killed in the fight of Chalgrove 

 Field, 1043. 



Hancock, John, born in 1737; American politician, 

 was one of the leaders in the revolt in Massachusetts, 

 the seizure of his sloop, "The Liberty," being the occa- 

 sion of a riot in Boston. He was very active in denounc- 

 ing the "Boston massacre," and was one of the persons 

 whose seizure was attempted by the expedition which 

 led to the Lexington affair. He was president of the 

 Continental Congress from 1775-77, and governor of 

 Massachusetts from 17X0 till his death in 1793. 



Hancock, Wlntield Scott, an American general; 

 born in lVnn>\ 1\ ania in 1824; after graduating at West 

 Point in 1844, served with great gallantry during the 

 Mexican War. Appointed brigadier-general of volun- 

 teers in 1861, he took part in the campaign on the 

 Potomac, fought at Antietam, and commanded a corps 

 in the battle of Gettysburg, where he" was wounded, 

 1863. In August, 1864, Hancock became brigadier- 

 general in the regular army; held from August, lSt>7, 

 till March, 1868, the command of the 5th Military Dis- 

 trict. June, 1880, became the unsuccessful Democratic 

 nominee for president. At his death, February 9, 1886, 

 he was in command of the Department of the East. 



Handel, George Frederick, the greatest composer 

 of oratorio music that has yet appeared, was born in 

 Halle, Germany, in 1684. After producing some minor 

 operas, etc., in Italy, he settled in England, in 1712, 

 where he became chapel-master to George I. In 1740, 

 appeared his oratorio of "Saul," and in the following 

 year that sublime conception, "The Messiah." "Sam- 

 son," "Moses in Egypt," "Joshua," and "Jephthah" 

 are his later works. Died, 1759. 



Hanly, J. Frank, lawyer; born in St. Joseph, 111., 

 April 4, 1863; educated in common schools, Champaign 

 County, 111. Taught school nine years in Warren 

 County, Ind.; admitted to bar, 1889; practiced at 

 Williamsport, Ind., 1889-9'6; elected to State Senate, 

 1890; Congress, 1894, serving one term; candidate for 

 United States Senate, 1899; governor of Indiana, 

 1905-09. 



II anna, Marcus Alonzo, an American politician and 

 legislator; born in New Lisbon (now Lisbon), Colum- 

 biana County, O., September 24, 1S37. He was ap- 

 pointed to the United States Senate as a Republican by 

 Governor Bushnell, March 5, 1897, to fill vacancy 

 caused by the resignation of John Sherman, who re- 

 signed to accept the position of secretary of state in 

 President McKinley's cabinet; took his seat March 5, 

 1897. His term' of service under the appointment 

 expired in January, 1898, and he was elected for a full 

 term, and served until his death in 1904. 



Hannibal, born in 247 B. C. ; Carthaginian general, 

 son of Hamilcar Barca, who devoted him from an early 

 age to war with the Romans. After attacking the 

 allies of the latter in Spain, he marched into Italy, over 

 the Pyrenees and Alps, and, arriving in 218, won the 

 battles of the Ticinus and the Trebia, and next year 

 defeated Flaminius on Lake Thrasymene. After his 

 great victory at Cannse in 216, he wintered at Capua, 

 but was unable to take Rome. In 203, he returned to 

 Africa, and was defeated at Zama in the following year 

 by Scipio Africanus. He became chief magistrate at 

 Carthage, but was compelled by the hostility of rivals 

 to flee to the court of Antiochus. When his surrender 

 was demanded by the Romans, he took refuge in Bi- 

 thynia, but took poison from apprehension of being 

 given up. Died, 183 B. C. 



Hapgood, Norman, editor, author, and critic; born 

 in Chicago, March 28, 1868; graduate of Harvard, 

 1890, LL. B., Harvard Law School (A. M., 1893): 

 Author: "Literary Statesmen," "Daniel Webster, 

 "Abraham Lincoln," "The Stage in America"; Dra- 

 matic critic of "New York Commercial Advertiser" and 

 "Bookman," 1897-1902; editor of "Collier's Weekly" 

 since 1903. 



Hardy, Thomas, novelist, educated as an architect; 

 born in Dorsetshire in 1840, the scene of his novels 

 being laid in the south of England, the early Wessex. 

 His chief works are "Desperate Remedies," "Under the 

 Greenwood Tree," "Far from the Madding Crowd," 

 "The Trumpet Major," "The Woodlanders," "The 

 Mayor of Casterbridge," and "Wessex Tales," "Tess of 

 the D'Urbervilles," etc. 



Harlan, John Marshall, associate justice United 



States Supreme Court, since November 29, 1877; born 



in Boyle County, Ky., June 1, 1833; graduated at Centre 



College, Ky., 1850 (LL. D., Bowdoin, 1883; Centre Col- 



j lege, and College of New Jersey, 1884); studied law at 



Transylvania University; practiced at Frankfort; 



: county judge, 1858; Whig candidate for Congress in 



. Ashland district, 1859; elector on Bell and Everett ticket, 



, 1860; removed to Louisville in 1867 and practiced law 



