BIOGRAPHY 



449 



history very little is known. He prophesied under 



Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. kings of Judah. 



prophecies, though delivered later in point of time 



al of tho-e uttered by other prophets, occupy, 



in our Bible, the first place, both on account of their 



hulk, and for the sublimity and importance of the 



predict ion-. 



Ito. M.mnii- Hirohiiinl, a Japanese statesman; 



born in the province of Choshu, in 1x40. In 1X71. he 



cd the L nited States for the purpose of examining 



the ,inage system, and on his return to Japan was 



ssful in establishing a mint at Osaka. In 1^7v 



he wa-s transferred from the office of minister of public 



works to the home 9ffice. He became prominent in 



'se cabinet in 1886, and made many reforms. 



In Is'.t7-'.is. he made a tour of the (.'nited States and 



In the latter year he visited China to arrange 



i liance between that country and his own, and, in 



on the resignation of the Vamagata ministry, he 



was summoned by the emperor to form a cabinet. He 



1 the t'mted States in 1901. 



.li<U-on. Andrew, the seventh President of the 

 I'nited States, was born in South Carolina, March 15, 

 Irish parentage. After a harum-scarum youth, 

 -on, in 1788, commenced the practice of the law 

 m Nashville, Tenn., and became that State's sole repre- 

 .:ive in Congress in 1796, and senator in the follow- 

 ing year. Between 1798 and 1804, he served as a judge 

 of the Supreme Court of Tennessee; in 1806. killed Mr 

 Charles Dickinson in a duel; in 1807, appeared as the 

 ..pion of Aaron Burr; and, in 1812, upon the break- 

 it of hostilities with England, offered his services 

 to the Government. In 1813. he was severely wounded 

 m a duel fought with Colonel Benton, and defeated the 

 CB at Talladega in the same year. In May, 1814, 

 ing the appointment of major-general in 

 nited States Army, he commanded in the battle, 

 won over the British Army at New Orleans, in January. 



i his great victory raised the reputation of I 



Jackaon as a general to the highest point, and made 



him the idol of a large portion of the American people. 



Iii is 17- is. General Jackson conducted the Seminole 



War to a successful conclusion, and was appointed 



r of 1 londa in 1821. Two years later he was an 



essful aspirant for the presidency, to which office 



however, elected in 1828. and reflected at the 



en. I of his four-years' term, in 1832. Among the chief 



occurrences during his double tenure of office were: 



ant of a new charter to the Bank of the United , 



: the proclamation denouncing the South Car<>- 



\ullification movement; and the senatorial censure 



passe* 1 on the president for his authorizing the removal 



of the public deposits from the Bank of the United 



ad. June X, If 



Jack -on. Thomas Jonathan, Letter known the 

 world o\er as "Stonewall .la.k-on," an American gen- i 

 l>rn in Lewis County, Virginia, in lxi>4. and ' 

 at West Point Academy in 1X4(5. After 

 m with distinction in the Mexican War, Jackson i 



r in the Military Institute at Lexing- 



ton. Va . until the outbreak of the Civil War. Appointed 



:,er -general in the Confederate service at the 



of Mull Hun. July 21. 1861. his command on that 



?ood like a stone wall," to u-.- the words of 



languished general present. In September, he re- 



the rank of major-general; defeat. 



I Mil': fought an inde. 

 I.HH Keys, June Kth; com 



manded a corp- in the battle of < James' Mill. June 27th. 



ern Hill. July l-i; again defeated < leneral 



Ranks at (Vdar Mountain. August 9(h; captured liar 



Mlh 11,(MKI I c.lcral ] ;.(eml.er 



rpt at A lit let a m. September 17th ; 



and wax made lieutenant general fur Ins scr\ i. e- m largely 



' 



i the I 1th corps , 



eri a in. ellor-ville; and on the exening of 



: at by a patrol party of his own 



'k him and his -lafT. m the darknCM, 



> detachment of I nioti cavalry, and died of hm 



!" on the lllth. 

 I .i'i'i.i "I. Joseph Marie (:hnh-kahr). a Ft- 



r. was In.rn in 17*..'. and died in 



s <* H invent on of the Jac<|uard loom revolution 

 M IM art of wea\ me 



of a number of sovereigns of 

 l>ean states, the most noted of whom were Jan 



I. who was born in 1566. 



-otland while an infant or 

 abdication of his m ..f 



rudand having declared m In* fa\.-r Ib- 



-ded t<. her t|,i. .. a,,,! died in 1625. 



James II., born in 1633, succeeded his brother, Charles 

 II., in 1685. was driven from his kingdom by William 

 Prince of Orange, in 16SS. utterly defeated m Ireland, 

 and died an exile in Franee. in 17O1. James IV of 

 Scotland, "the handsomest and most chivalrous prince 

 of his age." born in 1468, suceeeded his father. James 

 III., who wa.s murdered after the disastrous defeat near 

 Bannockburn, in 14SS; James was killed in the sanguin- 

 ary battle at Flodden Field, in l.M.'i. m which nearly 

 the entire Scotch peerage of mature age perished with 

 their king. 



James, St.. one of Christ's favorite apostles, son of 

 Zebedee and brother of St. John. He was martyred 

 about 44, by order of Herod Agrippa. 



James, lidiiiuml Janes, educator; born in Jackson- 

 ville, 111., May _'l. ls.->5; educated at Illinois State N,, r - 

 I mal School and Northwestern and Harvard universities 

 (A. M., Ph. !>.. 1S77. University of Halle; 1.1.. 1 

 nell College, Wesleyan, Queen's College); principal high 

 school, Evanston. 111., 1878-79; principal Model High 

 School, Normal, 111.. 1x79-82; professor of public finance 

 and administration. Wharton School of Finance and 

 Economy, University of Pennsylvania, 1883-95; pro- 

 fessor of political and social science, University of Penn- 

 sylvania, 1884-95; professor of public administration 

 director of extension division of the University of 

 Chicago, 1896-1901; president of the Northwestern 

 University, February 1, 1902 to September 1. 1904; 

 president of University of Illinois since September 1, 

 1904. Author: " Relation of the Modern Municipality 

 to the Gas Supply," "The I^gal Tender Decisions/' 

 "The Canal ami the Railv. :.-ral Constitution of 



Germany," "Federal Constitution of Switzerland." 

 "Education of business Men in Europe," "Charters of 

 City of Chicago." "Crowth of Great Cities in Area and 

 Population," "Government of a Typical German City 

 Halle," also over 100 papers, monographs, and addressee 

 in transactions of societies, etc. 



James. Henry, author; lM>rn in New York. April 1*>. 

 1843; educated in France and Switzerland, ami Harvard 

 Law School; began as contributor to periodicals. 1866; 

 since 1869, has lived in England; brother to professor 

 William James, of Harvard. Author: "Watch and 

 Ward," "A Pas-ionate Pilgrim," " Koderick Hudson," 

 "Transatlantic Sketches." "The American." "French 

 Poets and Novelists," "The Europeans," "Daisy Miller." 

 "An International Episode," 'life of Qawthoi 

 "A Bundle of Lett* Confidence." "Diary of a 



Man of Fifty," "Washington Square." "The Por 

 Of a Lady," "Siege of Ixnidon, " Portraits of 

 Places," "Tales of Three Cities." "A Little Tour in 

 France." " Beltraffio." "The Bostonians." "Princess 

 C.-t-amassima," "Partial Portr, "The Aspern 



Papers" "The Reverberator," "A Ix.ndon Life." 



Tragic Muse." "Terminations. 1'he S|>oils of ! 



"What Maisie Knew." "In the Cage." "The 

 Magics." "The Awkward Age," "The S>ft Side." "A 

 Little Tour in Franc; t." "The 



Wings of the Dove." "The Better Sort," "Questions of our 

 Speech," "The Lesson of Baliac" (two lectures). 



James, William. }:". .-.. New York. January II. 

 1842. An eminent American psychologist and philo- 

 sophical writer, professor of iMulo.sophy in Harvard 

 University since lv7. In !'.'("> <'-' he was Gifford 

 lecturer at the Uni\> Edinburgh. Author- 



'Principles of Psychology. I'he Will to Bel.. 



and other es>ays. "Talks to Teachers" < Hum:ui Im- 

 mortality. Ilie Varieties of Religion* 1 



Jay, John* an eminent American state-man, was 

 l-"ti, when- he wa* admitted to 



a member of th< 



(mental Oonffrem, he formed one of the commit (or of 

 rntod addrens to the prople 

 at Britain. He also largely assisted in framing the 



National Con-t it ut i, m. and. m 1777. wat ap|tointd 

 chief justice of New York, and in the following year 

 > nt of Congress. I k part in negotiating 



th treaty of peace entered into at Pan... 



Great Britain and (lie l Inn return 



he was appointed *vrrtary of forrign affair*, and in 



i 

 proceeded on a special minuon to England, where he 



boa the AM, RdinlM parti H,- MflmSSI I..-M 

 the fovemorahip of New York State, and. after refuain 



Nooad mt M to <!.-,!,,.-( . -,,..,..,,, ,,..,1. is.-, 



bhoy, ill i ..MM-llee, Indian philanthropist; 

 a pr.,-.. i,v birt Md tmft bon i BoSE i aS\ 



realised a fortune as merrhnnt. and employed it in 

 releasing debtor, from jn.l lv paving thnr dol.t*. ami in 

 founding a hospital and nrhools- in 1857 was made a 

 baron* x'. 



