452 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



most beautiful of his songs. Also, a son of Mattathias 

 and brother of Judas Ma,,al,eu,. He succeeded h?s 

 brother Judas ,n the leadership ,,f the Jew* and WU 

 made high-pneM by Alexander Balas. After BOEDfl 

 v,c,s> fl ,udes of fortune he renewe 1 ,he league Ins brother 



d formed with the Romans and WM at la,t treach- 

 erously slain by 1 ryphon. 



Jokal, .Maurice, horn in is-,; 



. Jowett, Henjaniin, M A : born in 1817; succes- 



sively schoar fellow, and master of Balhol (\, ee 

 Oxford, and Repug profewor of < In-ek since 1855. His 

 works mclude tlWatiOM ,,f 1'la.o and Thucvdides 

 He contributed a paper on "The Interpretation of 



>cnpture t,, Eaeayaand Review^." Died ISMS 



Jlldas Iseuriol, ,,ne of the twelve .li-ciplcs chosen 

 >>; ; J.v..,s. and the one who betrayed InsMaste f, 



the 



Jones. P. ml al name John Paul), a brilliant Ann-r- 

 an naval commander in the Revolution. was horn iii 



r>Pt an H -V 1 - 1 ' 4 ,'- , After the '1""> of peace with 



Britain, he became rear-admiral in the Russian 



>er\ice but was dismissed ,, account of a private 



.quarrel, and died in Paris ( 17!2) in poverty 



.l.'MMin. Benjamin, or Hen, born circa. 1574; dram- 

 atist, was educated at Westminster under Came en. It 

 is uncertain whether he studied at Cambridge After 

 following the trade of a bricklayer, he went af a volun- 

 r to t landers, and on his return became an actor 



uns 



Jude, St., or Judas. One of the apostles, brother 

 ..f .st James the Less, and supposed to have been mar- 

 tyred at Berytus about the year 80. The "Epistle" 

 wind, hears his name is one of the smallest and least 

 important bonks ,n the canon of the New Testament 

 am on e w jose canonical Authority has been much 

 d.spu ted both in an, -lent and ,,mte modern times. 



Ju 



~_ < tio, MM uii ins return oecame an actor 

 ting plays in conjunction with others. His first 

 independent work, "Every Man in His Humour," was 

 followed by "Every Man Out of His Humour," "Cyn- 

 thia s Revels," "Sejanus." "Volpone." "The Alchem- 

 ist, and many others. Died, 1637. 



Jordan, David Starr, president of Leland Stanford 

 IT. I mversjty; born in Gainesville, N. Y., January 19 

 lv.1; graduate of Cornell, M. S., 1872; M. D Indiana 

 M, licaF College, 1875 (Ph. D.. Butler University, 1878 

 LL. D.. Cornell. 1886. Johns Hopkins, 1902). Professor 

 lVi ar ! u ? Collegiate institutions, 1872-79; assistant to 

 United States Fish Commission, 1877-91; professor of 

 zoology, 18,9-85, and president, 1885-91, Indiana Uni- 

 versity; president of Leland Stanford University since 

 Qfi : as PreS | ^T - f 1 California Academy of Sciences, 

 896-98; also United States commissioner in charge of 

 fur seal investigations, etc. Author: "A Manual of 

 Vertebrate Animals of Northern United States "" Sci- 

 ence Sketches. 'Pishes of North and Middle America," 

 Footnotes to Evolution," "Matka and Kotik," "Care 



"lip^r e D emol e rac" " e I ? numera ! 3 K, Com P a Py' 

 Forms" (with V. L. Kellogg "a mf H. Heath) ^"The 

 Shadow ""T 3ei B g Clear V,' " stande th God Within the 



FishP"of North America " e twith n B. WEv1USnnT 

 A Guide to the Study of Fishes," " Voice of the Scholar " 

 'The Call of the Twentieth Century"; also numerous 

 papers on ichthyology m proceedings of various societies 

 and government bureaus. 



Joseph. In Scripture, one of the twelve patriarchs 



i -9- n r S ?i n Jac 1 b ' born in Mesopotamia about 



. <' le was sold by his envious brothers and" 



token to Egypt as a slave, but rose to be prime minister. 



le name of the husband of Mary, mother of the 



Saviour. Two German emperors bore this name 



James I , born in 1676, was made King of Hungary and 



of the Romans, and succeeded his father Leopold I as 



emperor in 1705. and died in 1711. James II born fn 



i-on UC * father - Francis I., in 1764, and died 



,.;. * I ' :U1 " 'tune modern times. 



-ucmn. A heroine of Israel, whose name has been 

 Kiven to one of the Apocryphal hooks of the Bible 

 She is said to have by artifice gained the tent of the 

 Assyrian genera , Holofernes, at Bethulia, whom she 

 decapitated during his sleep; bearing away his gory 

 head m triumph The most general opinion Imong 

 critics is that the history of Judith is a Jewish romance 

 written, probably in the age of the Maccabees, i reorder 

 AssJrTa^s JeW8 in their stru ^ les against the 



Judson, Harry Pratt, president of the University 

 of Chicago, since 1906; born in Jamestown NY 

 ?88 C ? m T e T r ft ^S-J g luate of Williams, 1870 (A. M.'. 

 P H V -P ' 1 8J3; \' L ' D ' 1903 - Queens University 

 Canada) Teacher and principal of high school, Troy!" 

 . rj. I., 18 '-85; professor of history, University of 

 jsota, 1885-92; was co-editor of "American His- 

 mcal Review Author: "History of the Troy Citi- 

 ! f^R rp f' ." CaRsar ? A "ny.'' " Cesar's Commentaries" 

 (co-editor) Europe in the Nineteenth Century," "The 

 growth of the American Nation," "The Higher Educa 

 * 10 " M a Training for Business," "The Latin in English " 

 : The Mississippi Valley" (in Shaler's United States of 

 | America), ^ The Young American," "The Government 

 I HLu ? 1S ' G rade <l Literature Readers " (co-editor) 

 The Essentials of a Written Constitution." 



"~'l v '-Vr* YX" I '"*J'' -- -J-, was the grandson of Massanissa 

 but illegitimate, and brought up by Micipsa, along with 

 his own, sons, and left a share of the kingdom by him 



TV maaww 01 tne wnoie. ine Komans 



I therefore, made war upon him, and after a long strugl 

 | Rle he was conquered, made prisoner, led in triumph 

 i in ^ a ^ us - and starved to death in prison at Rome, 

 1 l(Jo 15. O. 



Julian, Julianus Flavius Claudius, surnamed "The 

 Apostate, a nephew of the Emperor Constantino the 

 , Great, was born in Constantinople, A. D. 331 and was 

 Emperor f Rome from A. D. 361 to 363. He was one 

 01 the best emperors of the later period, but he is chieflv 

 remembered by his unwise and necessarily unsuccessful 

 of Rome "* * a " d dethroned Paganism 



1 r U '- IUS iZV' P -P e Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere), 

 born in 1441; distinguished as a warrior and patron of 

 the arts; became pope in 1503. He endeavored to ex- 

 tend the papal territory, and, after driving (Vsar Borgia 

 from the Romagna, formed the league of Cambrai whh 

 Maximilian and Louis XII. against Venice (lfl()S) 

 After the submission of the republic, he turned his arms 

 against France (1510). In 1511, the Holy Alliance SS 

 DiedlJUfl rrench army driven back over the Alps, 



Justinian I., Emperor of the East; born in 483* 

 succeeded his uncle, Justin I., in 527. He issued a 

 famous code forming, together with his collections of 

 'Pandects,;' " Institutiones," and "Novell:,.." the 'cor- 

 pus juris civilis." Under Justinian, the boundaries of 



Z^S^SnS iSft ^ ls ^& 

 pu' P Zfb J aK s J!SXvS J&.,22& "*&S>>W ;d ^s P-- ," -*- "- 



^jsj^.'-^^^^o^sssssi iBA^i-#^,^aii& i i^^ 



are written in indignant scorn of the vices of the Romans' 

 under the empire, and in the descriptions of which the 

 l,,tn fi^*o o *:. ^ ,, manners and morals of 



Joshua, or Hoshea, son of Nun; commander of 

 : Israelites after the death of Moses, led Them into 



{rib "of y Can a at. and ^"^ "^ Vic *> ver the 

 his father. Amon, as King of Judah 



war with Pharaoh 



Joubert, Petrus Jacobus, born in 1831; one of the 

 triumvirate who organized a Transvaal revolt against 

 the British Government in 1880. held the chief com- 

 mand in the engagements at Laiag's Nek, Ingogo 

 River, and Majuba Hill. In 1899. was commander-in- 



lef of the Boer forces in the war with England. Died 

 1900. 



Prescott, born in 1818; electrician. 



, s 



equivalent of heat. Died, 1889. 



Jourdan, Jean Baptiste, Comte, born in 1762- 

 Tench mar shal; served in the wars of the republic, 

 r/. 1 " 17 ". wa appointed commander of the armv 



JrP *f t?*?, b t the ., Dir f e ^ r y- ^ 1797, he beclme 

 pres.dent of the Council of Five Hundred, but was ex- 

 pelled m 1.99, owing to his opposition to Bonaparte 



1 , r - 



Kant, Immanuel, a celebrated German philosopher* 

 horn m Koiugsbere, 1724; was the son of a saddler, of 

 Scotch descent, and fortunate in both his parents. He 

 entered the university in 1740, as a student of theology 

 gave himself to the study of philosophy, mathematics,' 

 and physics; wrote an essay, his first literary effort, on 



Motive Force in 1747; settled at the university as a 



