454 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



Inventions," "The Jungle Book," "Second Jungle 

 Book," "The Seven Sea-," 'Captains Courageous." 

 "The Day's Work," " Stalky & Co., "From Sea to Sea." 

 (reprint of newspaper articles), "The Brushwood Boy," 

 "The Absent-Minded Beggar," "Kim of the Kishti," 

 "Just So Stories," "The Five Nations," "Tra: 

 Discoveries," 



Hirkland, James Hampton, chancellor. Vander- 

 bilt University, since 1893; born in Spartaabuig, S. ('., 

 September 9, 1859; graduate Wofford College . L877 

 A. M.. 1878; Ph. D., Leipzig, Germany, 1885; LL. D., 

 University of North Carolina, 1894; D. C. L., University 

 of the South, 1902); professor of Creek and Cerman, 

 Wofford College, 1881-83; traveled and studied abroad, 

 1883-86; professor of Latin, 1SS6-93, Vanderbilt Uni- 

 versity. Editor: "Satires and Kpistles of Horace." 

 Has published monographs, philological review articles, 

 etc. 



Kleber, Jean liaptiste, born in 1754, distinguished 

 himself in the wars of the French revolution, and under 

 the Directory became commander of the army of the 

 Sambre and Meuse. He went to Egypt with Napoleon, 

 and on his departure remained behind as commander-in- 

 chief. He captured Cairo, and entered into an alliance 

 with Murat Bey, but was assassinated by an Arab. Died, 

 1800. 



Knapp, Martin Augustine, chairman of Interstate 

 Commerce Commission ; born in Spafford, N.Y., November 

 6, 1843; graduate from Wesleyan University, Connecti- 

 cut, 1868 (A. M., 1871. LL. D., 1892; honorary A. M., 

 Syracuse University, 1892); admitted to New York 

 bar, 1869; since 1870 in practice at Syracuse, N. Y.; 

 corporation counsel, 1877-83. Appointed interstate 

 commerce commissioner by President Harrison, Feb- 

 ruary, 1891; reappointed by President Cleveland, 

 February 1897; reappointed by President Roosevelt, 

 December, 1902; elected chairman of the commission 

 January, 1898. 



Kneisel, Franz, musician, director of Kneisel 

 Quartette; born in Rumania (of German parentage), 

 1865; studied music; violin instruction under Griin 

 and Hellmesberger; was concert master of Hofburg 

 Theater Orchestra, Vienna; later of Bilse'a Orchestra, 

 Berlin; concertmaster Boston Symphony Orchestra; 

 especially prominent as violin soloist. 



Knox, John, a Scottish divine and ecclesiastical 

 reformer; born in Haddingtonshire, 1505, and was 

 educated at St. Andrews University. In 1542, Knox 

 became a fiery advocate of the Reformed faith, thereby 

 encountering much persecution. In 1551, he was 

 appointed chaplain to Edward VI. of England, and 

 subsequently passed three years at Geneva, where he 

 enjoyed the friendship of Calvin. On his return to his 

 native country in 1559, he became the leading spirit of 

 the Reformation of Scotland, and induced the parlia- 

 ment to abjure the papal authority, and to declare 

 Protestantism the religion of the land. Tried for treason 

 at the instance of Queen Mary, he was acquitted; 

 and assisted in bringing about that sovereign's abdi- 

 cation, together with the consequent elevation of her 

 brother, the Earl of Murray, as Regent of Scotland. 

 Died, 1572, 



Knox, Philander Chase, lawyer, United States 

 senator, Pennsylvania, since June 10, 1904; born in 

 Brownsville, Pa., May 6, 1853; graduate of Mt. Union 

 College, Ohio, 1872 (LL. D., University of Pennsyl- 

 vania, 1905); admitted to bar, 1875. Was assistant 

 United States district attorney, Western District of 

 Pennsylvania, 1876-77; resigned; has been engaged in 

 practice since 1877, with James H. Reed under firm 

 name of Knox & Reed, representing many large corpor- 

 ations, including the Carnegie Company; attorney- 

 general of the United States, 1901-04. 



Koch, Robert, M. D., born in 1843 in the Hartz 

 Mountains; between 1879 and 1883 succeeded in iden- 

 tifying the germs of cattle disease, of consumption 

 and of cholera. In 1884, he established the existence of 

 a bacterium as the cause of cholera. In 1885, he was 

 appointed professor of hygiene at Berlin; in 1890, 

 brought out a lymph for the cure of consumption. 



Kohlsaat, Hermann Henry, capitalist, journalist; 

 born in Albion, Edwards County, 111., March 22, 1853; 

 educated in common schools, Galena, 111., and Skinner 

 School, Chicago. Began business life as cash boy and 

 later cashier in dry-goods store; traveling salesman for 

 two other firms and, 1875-80, for Blake, Shaw & Co., 

 wholesale bakers; became junior partner, 1880, and had 

 charge of a bakery lunch established by this firm; bought 

 that oranch of the business, 1883, and greatly enlarged it ; 

 H. H. Kohlsaat & Co. (incorporated) now owning 

 several large establishments and also doing large whole- 

 sale bakery business; part owner in Chicago "Inter- 

 Ocean," 1891-93; editor and publisher "Chicago Times- 



Herald." is<)4 (amalgamated with "Chicago Rec9rd," 

 becoming "Record-Herald," 1901); also of "Chicago 

 Evening Post," 1894-1901; retired from the "Record- 

 Herald/ 1 1902. Has been. largely identified with local 

 real-estate operations; presented statue of General 

 Grant to City of Galena, 111.; has contributed largely to 

 charities; member of National Republican Convention, 

 is'.m. 



Ko-.< iusko, Tadeusz, born in 1746; Polish patriot; 

 came to America and became aide-de-camp to 'Washing- 

 ton; in 17V.I. received the appointment of major-general 

 in the Polish army; distinguished himself in the cam- 

 paign of 1792, especially at the battle of Dubienka; 

 after the submission of Stanislaus retired to Leipzig; on 

 the outbreak of the second Polish rising, in 1794, was 

 chosen commander-in-chief ; although scantily supplied 

 with troops, succeeded in expelling the Russians from 

 Poland, but was finally overwhelmed at Maceiowice in 

 October. He was imprisoned in a fortress near St. 

 Petersburg, but released on the accession of the Emperor 

 Paul. In 1798, he settled in France. He died in Soleure, 

 Switzerland, 1817. 



Kossuth, Louis, born in 1802; Hungarian patriot; 

 in 1847, was returned to the diet as deputy for Pesth; 

 became leader of the party of reform; held the office of 

 minister of finance in the new Hungarian ministry, and 

 after its fall was made president of the committee of 

 national defense. In April, 1849, the Hungarians de- 

 clared themselves independent, and Kossuth carried on 

 the government from Dedreczin, and afterwards from 

 Szegedin; but, finding it impossible to act in conjunction 

 with Gorgey, he resigned in August, 1849. The ill-suc- 

 cess of his countrymen in the field compelled him soon 

 afterwards to flee to Turkey, whence' he removed to Eng- 

 land iii 1851. During his late years he lived chiefly in 

 Italy. Died, 1894. 



Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von, born 

 in 1761; German man of letters; in 1781, was attached 

 to the Prussian embassy at St. Petersburg; afterwards 

 entered the Russian Service, and in 1817, was sent by 

 the Tzar as consul-general to Prussia. His Russian sym- 

 pathies made him unpopular in Germany, and led to his 

 assassination. His works embrace a wide range of sub- 

 jects. Died, 1819. 



Krapotkin, Prince Peter, born in 1842, Russian 

 Nihilist; in 1871 went to Belgium and Switzerland; 

 became an internationalist; after his return to Russia, 

 lectured under assumed names; was imprisoned, but 

 escaped to Switzerland; has since taken part in the 

 agitation carried on throughout Europe against existing 

 social arrangements. 



Krauskopf, Joseph, rabbi, lecturer, author; born 

 in Ostrowo, Prussia, January 21, 1858; came to America, 

 1872, and worked as clerk at Fall River, Mass.; grad- 

 uated B. A., University of Cincinnati, 1883; also as rabbi 

 from Hebrew Union College, 1883 (D. D., 1885); soon 

 after graduation accepted call from Hebrew congregation, 

 Kansas City; rabbi of the Reform Congregation Kene- 

 seth Israel, Philadelphia, 1887; founded Jewish Publi- 

 cation Society of America; founded, and president since 

 organization, National Farm School, in which Jewish 

 boys are trained in practical and scientific agriculture. 

 Author: "The Jews and Moors in Spain" (lecture); 

 "Involution and Judaism," "A Rabbi's Impressions of 

 the Oberammergau Passion Play," "The Seven Ages of 

 Man," "Old Truths in New Books," "S9ciety and its 

 Morals," "Some Isms of To-day," "Gleanings from Our 

 Vineyard," " The Service Manual," " The Service Ritual," 

 "The Mourner's Service," "The School Service," "Sun- 

 day Lectures." 



Kruger. S. J. Paul, born in 1825, Boer statesman; 

 formed with Joubert and Pretorius a provisional govern- 

 ment (December, 1881), and shortly afterwards became 

 president of the Transvaal, or South African Republic ; 

 held this office during the war with England; was re- 

 elected in 1883, 1888, 1893, and 1898. Died, 1904. 



Krupp, Alfred, a metal and steel founder, was born 

 in Essen, where through his father he became the pro- 

 prietor of a small foundry which grew in his hands into 

 such dimensions as to surpass every other establishment 

 of the kind in the world. The Bessemer process was 

 early introduced into England in the manufacture of 

 steel, which Krupp was the first to employ in the manu- 

 facture of guns. The works cover an immejise area, and 

 employ 20,000 people, and supply artillery to every 

 government, of Europe. Born, 1810; died, 1887. 



I, add, George Trumbull, an American educator; 

 born in Painesville, O., January 19, 1842: he was 

 educated at Western Reserve College and Andover 

 Theological Seminary; was pastor of Spring Street 

 Congregational Church, Milwaukee, Wis., in 1871-79; 

 and professor of philosophy at Bowdoin College in 1879- 



