BIOGRAPHY 



455 



81, when he assumed the chair of philosophy at Yale. 

 Hi.s works include "Principles of Church Polity," "Doc- 

 trines of Sacred Scripture," and "Elements of Physio- 

 logical Psychology." He lectured on philosophy in 

 India. 1899-1890, and was decorated by the Emperor 

 of Japan. 



I I arj?e, John, artist; born in New York, March 

 <J5; studied architectural decoration; then studied 

 .ng with Couture and William M. Hunt. Began 

 painting with religious subjects and decorative work; 

 painted flowers, a few portraits, and many landscapes; 

 lor a short time made illustrations for books and maga- 

 zines; then devoted himself to mural painting, mostly ! 

 of religious or ecclesiastical character; afterward, was 

 for years, and still is, devoted to the making of stained 

 glass windows, for which he invented the new methods 

 known in Europe as "American," changing and reform- 

 ing entire art of the glass-stainer, from the making of 

 the new glass by new methods to the painting of same; 

 in> work is in churches and residences in Boston, 

 New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia. Wasbing- 

 ;nit, and elsewhere. Author: " Lectures on 

 Art," "Letters from Japan." etc. Died. 1907. 



Lafayette. Marie Jean Paul Roche Yves Gilbert 

 (in .Motier. .Marquis de, born in 1757; educated at 

 the College of Plessis; took part in the American War 



of Indep'-ndi-iicp, and was entrusted by Washington 

 with the defense of Virginia; was one of the earliest 

 r* in the French Revolution, presenting his "Decla- 

 ration of Rights", to the Constituent Assembly, and 

 g the command of the National Guard in July, 

 ctained his post till 1791, but, by opposing 

 mob violence, excited the animosity of the Jacobins, 

 which was increased by his letter denouncing the clubs 

 (June, 1792). After vainly attempting to make his 

 presence felt in Paris, he fled over the frontier, but was 

 captured by the Austrians (August. 1792), and remained 

 >n till released by Napoleon in 1797. After 

 holding office under the Bourbons, he took part in rais- 

 ing Louis Philippe to the throne (1830), but afterwards 

 opposed his government. Died, 1834. 



I i I ollette. Robert Marion, lawyer, statesman; 

 born in Primrose, \\ i-*., June 14, 1855; graduate of 

 -consin, 1879 (LI.. !>.. lM)l); ad- 

 mitted to bar, 1880. District attorney, Dane County, 

 1880-84; member of Congress, 1885-91; as member of 

 Ways and Means Committee, he took prominent part in 

 framing McKinley Bill; well known as orator. Led 

 movement to nominate all candidates by direct vote, 

 i by State, 1904; also to tax railway property 

 by same system and at same rate as other taxable prop- 

 erty, adopted. 1903; also for the control of railway rates 

 within State by State commission; legislature of 1905, 

 pledged to enact such a law. Was elected United State- 

 January 2.". 1 <<>:.. Has made important con- 

 tributions toward railroad and other public reforms. 



i nire. Joseph l.ouis. < omit, mathematician; 



traction, born in Turin in 1736; became 



professor of mathematics in that town at the age of 



19. In 17)f), he succ led Kuler as director of the 



Academy of Berlin. Removing to Paris in 1787, he 

 I there during the Revolution, and was after- 

 wards patronized by Napoleon, hied, 1813. 



l.alii.irtine, \lphonse Marie l.ouis ,lu Prat de, 

 born in 17'.<>: In-rich author and statesman; held 

 diplomatic po.-ts in Italy frmu 1S_M) to the accession of 



m the East; 



returning in IV,::. s.,t m the National Assembly till the 

 revolution of iv, is, when he became minister of foreign 

 affairs, but P g to what he considered the 



absence of liberal views among Ins c.. II. -agues. His 



rose works are "Histoire den C.irondm- 

 v.-mrM : I .e Tailleur de Pierres de St. -Point." 



re de la Restauration." hied. 1S69. 



^. essayist and poet, was born in the 

 where his father was < I her. in 177.'.; 



received his education at Christ's Hospital; ! < 



South Sea House, and afterward* m the 



.ng on a jxMi<ion in 1 s _':,. His hfe 



was dev* . Mary, who always 



Most of the 



"Essays of F.lia" were published m u Maga- 



j.enr.-d m the 



Monthly" and man's Magazine." 



Lamb also wrote "RoMtfnund ( '.i 



ville." n dra: 



and many s!,,.rt !\ rics. He dn-d n. i 



l..nu|or. U.ili.r B*Va(i '--m in 177.".. ! 

 from a good Warwickshire family; was edtn 



!nmty College. < .-re he won a 



;on as a scholar. II-- 



Wnleft.and there wrote 

 "Simonidia" appeared in 1806, and "Count Julian" 



in 1811. In the same year he married, and his agri- 

 cultural schemes at Llanthony Abbey resulting in fail- 

 ure (1814), went abroad with his wife, with whom he 

 lived very unhappily at Florence and other places, and 

 at last separated from her in 1835. From 1837 to 1858. 

 he resided at Bath, and from 1858 till his death at 

 Florence in 1864. The first series of "Imaginary Con- 

 versations" was published in 1824. 



Landis. Kcm -aw Mountain, jurist; born in Mill- 

 ville, O.. November 20, 1866; educated in public schools. 

 Logansport. Ind.; graduate of Union College of I<aw, 

 ivl; admitted to bar. 1891. Practiced law in Chi- 

 cago. 1891-1905, except for two years while he was 

 private secretary to secretary of state Gresham; judge 

 of United States District Court, northern district of 

 Illinois, since March 28, 1905. 



Landseer. sir I'.duin Henry, youngest son of John 

 Landseer. was born in London in 1802; showed his 

 genius at an early age; was elected A. R. A. in 1825. 

 and R. A. in 1830; declined the presidency in 1865. 

 Among his chief works are "High Life" and "Low 

 Life," "Bolton Abbey in the Olden Time," "The Old 

 Shepherd's Chief Mourner," "Dignity and Impudence." 

 "Night." "Morning," and "Children of the Mist." 

 Died, 1873. 



Langtry, 1,11 lie, actress; born in Island of Jersey in 

 is :,_; daughter of Rev. W. C. Le Breton; married (1), 

 1874, Edward Langtry (died. 1897); (2) 1899. Gerald. 

 son of Sir Hugo de Bathe. Delmt, Haymarket Theater. 

 London, 1881, as Hester Grazebrook, in "An Unequal 

 Match"; made American tours, appearing as Pauline 

 in "The Lady of Lyons"; Rosalind in "As You Like 

 It"; has also appeared in "A Wife's Peril," "Nos 

 Intimes," "Ksther Sandraz." "As in a Looking Glass," 

 tc. ; twice leased Prince's (now Prince of Wales) 

 Theater, Ix>ndon; became naturalized citizen of United 

 States, 1887; leased Princess's Theater. London, 1891. 



Lanki'stcr. Kdwin Ray, F. R. S., I.L. D.; born in 

 1847; zoologist, educated at St. Pauls School and Christ 

 Church, Oxford; was appointed professor of zoology 

 and comparative anatomy in University College, Lon- 

 don, in 1874, and reflected in 1SS2. He ha* written 

 "Fossil Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone." "Degenera- 

 tion: a Chapter in Darwinism," and other works, and 

 is chief editor of the "Quarterly Journal of Microscopic 

 Science." 



Laotze (i. e., the old Philosopher), a Chinese sage; 

 born in the province of Ho-nan about B. C. 565. a con- 

 temporary of Confucius, who wrote the celebrated 

 "Tao-te-King" canon, that is, of the Tao. or divine 

 reason, and of virtue, one and deservedly so on 

 account of its high ethics of the sacred books of China ; 

 he was the founder of one of the principal religions of 

 China, Confucianism and Buddhism being the other two. 

 although his followers, the Tao-sze. as they are called, 

 are now degenerated into a set of jugglers. 



Laplace. Pierre Simon (lah-jilahs'i. an illustrious 

 French astronomer and mathematician: born in 

 Calvados, in 1749. In 1768. through the infl<; 

 D'Alembert, he became professor of mathematics in 

 the military school, and, in 17S">, a titular member of 

 the Academy of Sciences. In 1796. his " K\pi>sit ion of 

 the System of the Universe" attracted general atten- 

 tion, and opened to him the diMp of the French Acad- 

 emy. In 1817, he became president of that body, and 

 was created a marquis. The grandest monument of his 

 genius the " I rait,- de la Mecanique Celeste" has 

 placed him as 

 either of ancient or minlem times. . 



l.iirdner. Dion \siiis. Lorn in 17<.i. son ,.f a Dublin 

 solicitor; educated in Cambridge; in 1 v_7 became 

 professor of natural history in the I'nivemty of I/.; 

 and set on foot his "C.v r which 



he wrote mo .untie articles. Died. 1850. 



I ..irdn. i. N.ii h.inlrl. born in Hnwkhumt. r 

 \. h. U)S4; a distinguished I 



brated as the author ..f The Credibility of the Gospel 



(publish. :.{< nnd 17."-: H. w., 



a "Collection of Jewish and Hmthm 



se two works the value of which 



mn apologetics can hardly be over-**timatHl 



occupied Dr. Lardner for toe greater part of forty-three 



I mi.. i. .i..-.-pinis Nelson. mrian; born 



xhirnted in public 

 loj on editorial ntnfT of " Hu!' 



n. MufTnlo. 



MMiintndei bbmrv. 



"A MM 



Wrong," "History of the United States for Secondary 



scientist among the greatest names 



