460 



Till-: STAND.MID DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



tiles. The time and place of his nativity are not known 

 with any approach to authenticity, though it would 

 appear from the style and substance of his writ inn* that 

 h- must ha. a liberal scholarship. 



died after him. he was author of "The Acts 

 of the uritten, like the former, in Creek. 



Lima. Antonio, a Filipino insurgent : l>orn in Manila. 



Philippine Islands. nlou: . du.-ated in Furope; 



returned to Manila early in l x e<litor of "La 



B tirst minister of war in 



the so-called government of Aguinaldo. Later he was 

 placed in command of the Filipino insurgents with the 

 rank of general He was killed presumably by the jruards 

 of ARU:: fearing that Luna might attempt to 



assassinate him. gave orders to his body guard to kill any 

 k who should try to enter his 



headquarters. Luna endeavored to pass this guard and 

 was shot ilead. June s. is.ii. 



Luther. Martin, one of the greatest of religious 

 lany. 1 IV".. After 



studying at the I'niversity of Frfurt. he became a monk 

 of the Augustine order in that city, ami in L'07. was 

 made professor of philosophy at Wittenberg. After 

 to Rome, in pursuance of a vow he had made, 

 .:ding the tenets and practices of the Roman 

 Church underwent a gradual change. In 1 ">12, he began 

 ojwMily to declan> his heterodox views upon scriptural 

 embodied in his celebrated 

 propositions," at once plunged him into 

 bitter controversy and exposed him to as bitter perse- 

 cution. He soon found friends, however, among 

 some of the most powerful of the German princes. 

 Summoned by the pope to defend his opinions, through 

 the intervention of the Elector of Saxony, it was 

 arranged that a hearing should be given to Luther at 

 Augsburg, before the papal legate. That interview was 

 held, ami it decided nothing. Luther then continued 

 ..c discussions, and also gave vent to his polemic 

 innovations in writings one of which, the "De Capti- 

 i'.abylonica Fcdesiie, created so great a sensation 

 that a papal bull was issued, condemning to a public 

 auto-da-fe it and others of his productions. Luther, 

 however, finding that the crisis had come, proceeded to 

 the walls of Wittenberg, attended by a number of his 

 friends and disciples, there burned the pope's bull, and 

 by that act dissevered forever his remaining ties with the 

 Church of Home. After fhis Luther became the spokes- 

 man of a propaganda whose labors never rested till the 

 spirit of the Protestant religion had taken deep and 

 lasting root throughout Northern Germany, and thence 

 d among her Scandinavian neighbors. Cited to 

 appear before the Diet of Worms, 1521, Luther appeared 

 there, attended by a retinue of the Protestant princes 

 and the nobles of Germany, and after ably pleading his 

 cause that of religious liberty before the Emperor 

 Charles V. in person, he was seized, on his returning 

 home, at the instigation of his friend, the Elector of 

 Saxony, and carried to the castle of Wartburg, where 

 he remained for a period of ten months. Return- 

 ing then to Wittenberg, he doffed his monastic character, 

 married, published his translation of the New Testa- 

 ment in 1")U'L'. ami his German version of the Old Testa- 

 ment in 1.YJ4. The (losing years of the life of Luther 

 were passed in comparative tranquillity. Died, 1546. 



l.\ell. Sir Charles, geologist, was born in Forfar- 

 shire in 1707; educated at Oxford; was called to the 

 bar in 1825, but abandoned the legal profession in 1827; 

 after traveling on the Continent, and contributing papers 

 to the "Transactions" of the Geological Society, pub- 

 lished "Principles of Geology" (1830-3), which substi- 

 tuted the Huttonian doctrines for the old "catastrophic" 

 theory, thus raising geology to the rank of a branch of 

 inductive science. He became president of the Geolog- 

 ical Society in 1836, and again in 1850. He visited 

 America in 1841 and 1845, and published narratives of 

 both expeditions, written in a popular style. In 1863 

 appeared "The Antiquity of Man," in which he gave 

 -cut to the Darwinian theory. Died, 1875. 



Lytton, lldward (iconic Karlc Lytton liuhver- 

 L\ttoii, Lord, an eminent English novelist, was born 

 in Norfolk, of an ancient family, in ISO.'). In 1826, he 

 graduated at Cambridge, and published, in ISL'7, his 

 first novel. " Falkland." In the year following" Pclham " 

 appeared a work which placed him at once in the first 

 rank of contemporary writers of fiction. Thenceforward 

 his literary career was one of meteoric brilliancy; novel 

 after novel, drama after drama, flowed from his pen 

 almost without intermission. For a quarter of a century 

 he reigned the great master of English fiction the 

 successor to Scott, the predecessor of Dickens. In 1866 

 he was created a peer of the realm. Among his principal 

 novels are: "The Disowned," "Devereux," "Paul 

 Clifford," "Eugene Aram," "The Pilgrims of the Rhine," 



"The Last Days of Pompeii," "Rienzi." "The Last of 

 the Roman Tribunes." " F.rnest Maltravers," and its 

 sequ.'l, "Alice, or the Mysteries." "Night and Morning," 

 "Xanoni," "The Last of the I'aron-," " Lucretia, or the 

 Children of the Night," "Harold, the Last of the Saxon 



Kings. Hie Caxtons." "My Novel," "\\hat Will He 



I >o With It," and "A Strange Story," He is also author 

 of the successful and favorite plays "The Lady of Lyons," 

 "Richelieu." and "Money," and of the poems," "The 

 New Timon." and "King Arthur." Died. 1S7.'>. 



Macaulay, Thomas Itahitmton, Lord, born in 1SOO, 

 British historian and statesman ; graduated at Cambridge, 

 was called to the bar in 1SJG, and entered parliament 

 f6r Gains in 1S. V !U. a> a Whig. He w:i^ secretarv at war 



i ), and paymaster-general (1846-48), and, hav- 

 ing represented Edinburgh for many years, was created 

 a peer in ls.">7. His chief works were "History of Eng- 

 land from the Accession of .lames II.," "Critical Essays?' 

 most of which were written for the " Edinburgh Review," 

 and " Lays of Ancient Rome." Died. IW.i. 



>lac eliiavclli, Mccolo di Bernardo del, born in 

 1 )l>!; Florentine writer and statesman; son of a jurist 

 of irood family; as secretary of state at Florence from 

 1 I'.ts to I."il2, went on several important missions, but 

 was deprived and exiled in the latter year by the Medici. 

 His chief works were " II Principe," " Istorie Florentine," 

 "Arts della Guerra," some comedies and poems, and 

 " Discorsi sulle Deche di Tito Livio." In 1521, he again 

 took part in affairs for a short time, but died in poverty, 

 in lf)27, a few years later. 



Mac donald, Sir John Alexander, distinguished 

 Canadian statesman: born in Glasgow in 1815: was 

 called to the Canadian bar in 1836, and became receiver- 

 general of Canada (1847), commissioner of crown lands 

 (1847-48), attorney-general (1854-62 and 1864-67), 

 prime minister in 1858, government leader in the as- 

 sembly (18.64-67), and minister of militia affairs (1862- 

 65-67). He was chairman of the London Colonial Con- 

 ference of 1866-67, and more than any other person was 

 responsible for Canadian federation; was head of the 

 new Dominion Government, as minister of justice and 

 attorney-general, from 1867 to 1873, when he resigned 

 on the Pacific Railway charges. From 1878 till his 

 death in 1891, he was premier of the Dominion. 



Mackenzie* Alexander, Canadian statesman; born 

 in Perthshire, 1822; early emigrated to Canada, where 

 he became a contractor and journalist. After sitting in 

 the Canadian Parliament for six years, he was elected 

 to the Dominion Legislature, and was also provincial 

 secretary and treasurer in Ontario till 1872. From 1873 

 till 1878 he was premier and minister of public works 

 for the Dominion. He more than once declined the 

 honor of knighthood. Died, 1892. 



Mac3Iahon, Marie Edme Patrice Maurice de, 

 French soldier and statesman of Irish descent; born, 

 1808; served in the Algerian War of 1830, took part in 

 the expedition to Antwerp in 1832, and in 1855, suc- 

 ceeded to Canrobert's command in the Crimea. For 

 his services in Italy in 1857, he was made Due de Magenta 

 and marshal of France, and became governor-general of 

 Algeria in 1864. On the outbreak of war with Prussia 

 he was given the command of the first army corps. He 

 shared in the disaster at Woerth, and was in chief com- 

 mand at Sextan, where he was severely wounded and 

 made prisoner. On his return to France in March, 1871, 

 he conducted the siege of Paris against the Communists, 

 and reorganized the army. In 1873, he was named 

 president of the Republic for seven years. In 1877, 

 he began to entertain monarchical designs, but was 

 defeated in the elections, and two years later retired 

 rather than submit to the law against monarchical 

 officers. He continued to live in retirement in Paris 

 until his death in 1893. 



Macready, William Charles, actor; born in Lon- 

 don, in 1793; educated at Rugby; made his first ap- 

 pearance at Birmingham in IMO, and was engaged at 

 Covent Garden in 1816. He played Richard III. in 1819, 

 and removed to Drury Lane in 1S22. and after a tour in 

 the United States, appeared as Macbeth in 1H27. He 

 i subsequently visited Paris, and held the management 

 of Covent Garden and Drury lane. In 1X1'.), he nearly 

 lost his life in a riot promoted by the friends of Forrest 

 I at the Astor Opera House, New York; and he made his 

 last appearance at Drury Lane in 1851. Died, lS7;i. 



Mar Veagh, Wayne, lawyer; born near Phoenix- 

 ville, Chester County, Pa., April 19, 1833; graduated 

 from Yale, 1853; admitted to bar, 1856; district at- 

 torney, Chester County, Pa., 1859-64; captain of in- 

 fantry, 1862, and of cavalry, 1863, when invasions of 

 Pennsylvania were threatened; chairman Republican 

 State Committee of Pennsylvania, 1863; United States 

 minister to Turkey, 1870-01; member Pennsylvania, 

 constitutional convention, 1872-74; head of "Mac- 



