464 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



to write in 1880. His chief works are " La Maison Tel- 

 lier," "Lea Contes de la Becasse," ' Vv.tt,-. "ContM 

 du Jour et de Nuit," "Pierre et Jean. " ami "Afloat." 

 In 1891 his mind became deranged. Died at Passy, 

 1893. 



Alan rice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, son of Wil- 

 liam of Orange, "the Silent." was born. 1567; became 



5 tad t holder of the United Provinces and head of the 

 army in 1587, and successfully carried on the struggle 

 against Spain; refused peace in 1598, but consented to 

 a truce in 1609; afterwards supported tin- Romanists 

 against the Remonstrants, and put to death Barneveldt, 

 and concluded a treaty with I- ranee and England just 

 before his death. Died, 1625. 



Maximilian I., Emperor of Germany, son of Fred- 

 erick III. .born in 14.V.); acquired Burgundy and Flanders 

 by marriage, which involved him in a war with France; 

 became emperor on the death of his father, in 1493; be- 

 came by marriage, Duke of Milan, and brought Spain 

 under the power of his dynasty by the marriage ot his 

 son Philip to the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella; 

 it was he who assembled the Diet of Augsburg at 

 which Luther made appeal to the pope. Died, 1519. 



Maximilian II., Emperor; born in 1527, son of Fer- 

 dinand I.; married a daughter of Charles V., and was 

 made regent in 1548; was elected King of Bohemia 

 (1562) and of Hungary (1563), and became emperor in 

 the following year; showed great toleration in his relig- 

 ious policy, and tried to unite the German Protestants, 

 besides remonstrating with Philip II. on the subject of 

 his persecutions in the Netherlands. Died, 1576. 



Max O'Kell, nom de plume of "Paul Blouet"; born 

 in 1848; French writer, who graduated at Paris in 

 1864-65; entered the army in 1869, was taken prisoner 

 at S&lan, and fought against the Commune, after which 

 he went to England as a correspondent; was French 

 master at St. Paul's School from 1876 to 1884, and 

 lectured in England and America. He has written 

 "John Bull et son He." "Les Filles de John Bull," etc. 



Maxwell, James Clerk, F. R. S., physicist; born in 

 Kirkcudbright in 1831; after being second wrangler and 

 Smith's prizeman, became professor of natural philosophy 

 at Aberdeen, and of physics and astronomy at King's 

 College (1860-68). In 1871, he was elected professor 

 of physics at Cambridge, where he made numerous 

 researches, resulting in "The Kinetic Theory of Gases," 

 "Electricity and Magnetism." etc. Died, 1879. 



May, Sir Thomas Erskine, Right Hon., historian; 

 born in 1815; was called to the bar in 1838, and became 

 clerk to the House of Comnrons in 1871. He wrote "A 

 Treatise on the Laws, Privileges, Proceedings, and 

 Usage of Parliament," "The Constitutional History of 

 England from 1760 to I860," and several other works, 

 and was created a peer a few days before his death. 

 Died, 1886. 



Ma /a riii. Giullo, Cardinal, French statesman, of 

 Italian birth, born in 1602. After being in the diplo- 

 matic service of Spain, he came to France in 1634, as 

 nuncio-extraordinary of the pope, and, having been 

 favored by Richelieu, joined him five years later in 

 opposition to the papacy, and became naturalized in 

 France. In 1641, he was created cardinal, and, having 

 succeeded to the place of Richelieu soon after, supported 

 Anne of Austria, and, after having twice been exiled 

 by his enemies' influence, was recalled by Louis XIV. 

 in 1653, and remained supreme till his death (1661). 

 He had a share in the Treaty of Westphalia, and nego- 

 tiated the Treaty of the Pyrenees between France and 

 Spain. 



McBurney, Charles, surgeon; born in Roxbury, 

 Mass., February 17, 184i>; graduate of Harvard, 1866, 

 A. M., 1869; College of Physicians and Surgeons, New 

 York, 1870. In practice as surgeon, New York, since 

 1870; professor of clinical surgery, College of Physicians 

 and Surgeons, since 1896. Was consulting surgeon to 

 President McKinley after he was shot by the assassin. 



McCall, Samuel Walker, congressman, lawyer; 

 born in East Providence, Pa., February 28, 1851; 

 graduate of Dartmouth College, 1874; admitted to bar, 

 1876; delegate to National Republican conventions, 

 1888, 1900; member of Massachusetts House of Repre- 

 sentatives, 1888, 1889, and 1892; member of Congress. 

 8th Massachusetts district, since 1893; member of 

 Committee on Ways and Means. Author: "Life of 

 Thaddeus Stevens (American Statesmen Series). 



McClellan, George Brinton, mayor of New York; 

 born on November 23, 1865, in Dresden, Saxony, where 

 his parents, General George B. (U. S. A.) and Ellen M. 

 (Marcy) McClellan, were on a visit. Graduate of 

 Princeton, 1886; worked as reporter and in editorial 

 positions on New York dailies; treasurer of New York 



6 Brooklyn Bridge, 1889-92; admitted to bar. 1892; 

 president of board of aldermen, New York, 1893 and 



1894; member of Congress, 1895-1903; Democrat. 

 Mayor of New York since January 1, 1903. 



McClellan, (ieorne lirinton, American general; 

 Ixirn in 1826; distinguished himself in the Mexican 

 War, and drew up a report on the organi/ation of 

 European armies after a visit to the Crimea; .hiring 

 the Civil War commanded the army of the Potomac, 

 luit after indeci.-i\ e eima^eiuents. was superseded in 

 1862 (November). In 1865. as a Democrat, he was the 

 unsuccessful opponent of Lincoln for the presidency. 

 In Is77, he was elected governor of New Jersey. Died, 

 iss.-,. 



McKinley, William, twenty-fifth President of the 

 United States; born in Niles, O., January 29, 1843. 

 He was educated at the public schools, and at the Poland, 

 Ohio, Academy. In May, 1861, he volunteered for the 

 army, and entered the 23d Ohio Infantry as a private. 

 He served four years, rising by merit and faithfulness to 

 the captaincy of his company, and to the rank of major 

 when mustered out in 1865. He at once began the 

 study of law; in 1867 was admitted to the bar, and 

 commenced practice at Canton, O., where he afterward 

 had his residence. In 1869 he was elected prosecuting 

 attorney for Stark County, where his success attracted 

 local attention. Entering politics, he was elected to 

 Congress in 1876, and was reflected for six successive 

 terms. In 1882, his election was contested, and he was 

 unseated, but triumphantly returned at the next elec- 

 tion. His reputation in Congress rests chiefly on the 

 tariff bill that bears his name. It was drawn by him as 

 chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, and 

 passed by the fifty-first Congress. This bill and his 

 able advocacy of it before the House distinguished him 

 as the leader of the Republican party, on the tariff 

 question. The Republican party went before the coun- 

 try in 1892 almost solely on the issue raised by the 

 McKinley tariff, but a reaction against it had set in, 

 and Mr. Cleveland was elected. Meanwhile McKinley 

 failed of reelection in his district, though largely reduc- 

 ing the adverse plurality created by a redistricting that 

 changed the limits of the district. In 1891 he was 

 elected governor of Ohio by a large plurality over former 

 Governor James E. Campbell, a very popular Democrat, 

 and reflected in 1893 in the reactionary tidal wave of 

 politics following a contrary tariff policy, that carried 

 the Republican party back to power in Congress, having 

 a plurality of over 80,000. By this time his name was 

 frequently mentioned as a future candidate for the 

 presidency. In 1895, a systematic canvass in McKin- 

 ley's behalf was instituted by his supporters, which was 

 continued till the election of 1896. He was nominated 

 and elected by a plurality of 003,514, and an electoral 

 majority of 95, after a campaign of more intense interest 

 than was displayed in any election since the Civil War. 



President McKinley's first term is memorable chiefly 

 for the occurrence of the Spanish-American War and 

 its unexpected results. That his policy during 1896- 

 1900 was acceptable was shown by his unanimous re- 

 nomination and reelection in 1900 by a plurality of 

 849,000 and an electoral majority of 137. His second 

 term began most auspiciously and ended tragically. 

 On September 5, 1901, he visited the Pan-American 

 Exposition in Buffalo, N. Y., that day having been set 

 apart in his honor and called the "President's Day." 

 On the afternoon of the following day, while holding a 

 public reception in the Temple of Music, he was shot 

 twice by Leon F. Czolgosz, an anarchist, who was at 

 once arrested. The wounded president was first taken 

 to the Emergency Hospital on the exposition grounds, 

 for immediate treatment, and then removed to the 

 residence of John G. Milburn, the president of the 

 exposition. Hopes of his recovery were entertained 

 for several days, but on September 13th he began to 

 sink rapidly and died at 2.15 A. M., September 14th. 

 His remains were removed to Washington on September 

 16th, laid in state in the capital on the 17th, and taken 

 to his home city, Canton, Ohio, where they were interred 

 on the 18th, amid universal mourning. 



Me Kim, Charles Follcn, architect; born in Chester 

 County, Pa., August 24, 1847; student of Harvard 

 Scientific School, 1866; Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, 

 1867-70. Began practice, 1872; joined in partnership 

 by Wm. R. Mead, 1877, and by Stanford White in 1879. 

 Awarded Royal gold medal by King Edward for pro- 

 motion of architecture, 1903. President of American 

 Institution of Architects. 



McLean, Emily Nelson Ritchie (Mrs. Donald Mc- 

 Lean), regent of New York City Chapter of Daughters 

 of American Revolution; born in Prospect Hall, Fred- 

 erick, Md., January 28, 1859; daughter of Judge John 

 and Betty Ritchie; graduate of Frederick Seminary 

 (now VVoman's College), June, 1873; post-graduate 

 courses in language, history, and mathematics; married 



