BIOGRAPHY 



471 



university against James II.; and in 1688, and 1701, he 

 was elected one of the members of the university. He 

 was appointed warden of the mint in 1696; was made 

 master of it in 1699; was chosen president of the Royal 

 Society in 1703; and was knighted in 1705. He died. 

 March 20, 1727. Among his works are: "Arithmetica 

 I'nncrsalis," "A New Method of Infinite Series and 

 Fluxions," "Optics," "The Chronology of Ancient King- 

 amended ; and " Observations on the Prophecies 

 of Daniel." and the "Apocalypse." 



N> >. Michel, peer and marshal of France; born in 

 Sarrelouis, 1769, son of a cooper; entered the army as a 

 private hussar in 1797; distinguished himself by his 

 bravery in the wars of the Revolution and the Empire, 

 and earned for himself from the army under Napoleon, 

 and from Napoleon himself, the title of the " Brave of 

 the braves"; on Napoleon's abdication in 1814 he 

 attached himself to Louis XVIII.. but on his return 

 :i>a he joined his old master, and stood by him 

 during i he hundred days; on the second Restoration he 

 was arrested, tried by his peers, and shot. Died, 1815. 



Nicholas II., who on November 1, 1894, succeeded 

 Alexander III. as "Emperor of All the Russias," was 

 l>orn in St. Petersburg on May 18. 1868, his mother being 

 Dagmar, a daughter of the late King 

 ; IX. of Denmark, and sister to Queen Alexandra, 

 hess of Cumberland, and the King of Greece. 

 During the famine of 1891, he was, at his own request, 

 made president of the committee of succor, and worked 

 hard in the organization of relief. As Czarevitch he held 

 military commands in his own country in the 

 famous Preobrajensky regiment among others and 

 ind he had conferred upon him in 1893, the order 

 of the carter. He married the Princess Alix of Hesse- 

 Darmstadt in November, 1894. Four daughters came 

 first, but a son was born on August 12, 1904, and was 

 named Alexis. The coronation of the czar took place with 

 impressive ceremonial at Moscow in May, 1896, and in 

 Auuu-t of the same year he commenced a tour which 

 included visits to the Emperor of Austria and Germany, 

 to the King of Denmark, to Queen Victoria, and to the 

 President of France. The famous peace proposals which 

 he made to the powers during 1898, led to the first peace 

 ronf.-rence at The Hague in 1899, the establishment of 

 the Permanent Court of Arbitration there, and indirectly 

 to the second conference in 1907. He is gifted with the 

 tic facility of most of his countrymen, and fluently 

 speaks French, German, Italian, and especially English, 

 of whose literature he has a thorough knowledge. The 

 czar must belong to the Orthodox Greek Church, and his 

 consent is necessary to the marriage of any prince or 

 princess of the Imperial family. 



\ .. -ana" born in 1389, was elected 



m 1U7 (the abdication of the anti-pope, two years later, 

 bringing to an end the "Great Schism"), and defeated 

 the conspiracy of Porcari in 1452. He was a great 

 scholar, was chief founder of the Vatican library, and of 

 several Italian universities, and offered an asylum to 

 .en out of Constantinople. Died, 1 >.">.", 



Nil hiihr, liarthold (ieoru, t>orn in 1776, his son, 

 historian ami phil i ...in in Copenhagen, but 



in l^>~>. entered I',.- I'm , . and became privy 



counci'or. He was several year* mini-ter at Rome, and 

 negotiated the concordat of lsii. In is-j.'i, he obtained 

 a chair at Bonn, and his " Komische Cex-lnchte" ap- 

 peared in enlarged form in 1827. It was translated by 

 Hare m 1 He was also author of "Corpus 



Beriptorum Hi-ion.-r Byzantinrn" and other works, and 

 discovered at Verona the fragments of Gaius. Died. 



Charli M< in -\, sculptor; born in Cin- 

 January 1M. i- ited at Cincinnati 



schools; art education at Royal Academy, Munich, tier- 

 many; took degree and won i 



i pn/es at different times. Made Garfield 



Statue, i ' rheld. and 



:ida of Capitol. Washington; Cil.l.on 



and Moses, Congressional l.il.rarv. Hahnemann . 



Circle. Washington; Astor In-ton.-al door-*. Trinity 



. pediment to appellate courthou-c. 



New York; statues of Hooker and Davenport, Conn. 



StaN- HOUM-; statue to Drake, ere, ted l.v Mandard ",| 



Company, at Titusvtlle. Pa ; two large firm 

 ' Pan-Ann- : 

 . Farrairut. 



I in. ..In. Hu! 1 , 



Nielsen. Mi... opera aim- i-hvillo. 



Term ; daughter of Kni-mm I \arius and Sarah A. 

 Nielsen: sdaeMioa in San Francisco, under 



Mill-. Ida Valerga; first utag* appearance wit 1 

 company at Oakland, Gal.. 1893. as Yum Yum m 

 "Mikado"; after Tivoli engagement, joined the Bos- 



tomans, 1896, and took the role of Annabel in " Robin 

 Hood, the following season played leading part of 

 Maid Marion; also principal soprano role in "The Ser- 

 enade." Stellar de*but at Grand Opera House, Toronto, 

 Canada. September 14. 1898, in "The Fortune Teller." 



Nightingale, Florence, was born in Florence in 

 1829, and, in 1851. entered an institution of sisters of 

 mercy at Kaiserswerth. On November 4, 1854, she 

 arrived with ninety-two women at Scutari, and brought 

 the hospital there to a high state of efficiency. A tes- 

 timonial was offered her but declined. She wrote 

 "Notes on Hospitals." "Notes on Nursing." and other 

 works. 



Nllsson, Christine, an operatic singer, born in 

 Sweden, 1843; daughter of a peasant, and one of the 

 foremost sopranos of her day; distinguished for her 

 dramatic talent no less than by her powers as a vocalist. 

 Died. 1882. 



N 1m rod, a grandson of Ham. is supposed to have 

 been the founder of Babylon, and also the first king 

 and the first conqueror. In the Scripture he is called 

 "a mighty hunter before the Lord." 



Ninus, the supposed founder of the Assyrian mon- 

 archy, and builder of the city of Nineveh, flourished 

 about 2048 B. C., and was husband of the famous 

 Semiramis. 



Nixon, Lewis, shipbuilder; born in Leesburg, Va.. 

 April 7, 1861 ; early education in Leesburg; appointed 

 midshipman. United States Navy, 1878; graduate of 

 United States Naval Academv, 1882. at head of class. 

 and sent to Royal Naval College, Greenwich. England. 

 by navy department; transferred to construction corps 

 of navy. 1884; in 1890. designed battle-ships "Oregon," 

 "Indiana," and "Massachusetts." and then resigned 

 from navy to become superintending constructor of 

 Cramp shipyard, Philadelphia; resigned, 1895, and 

 started Crescent shipyard, Elizabeth, N. J., on his own 

 account, where he has built 100 vessels in six years. 

 among others the sub-marine torpedo-boat, " Holland, 

 monitor "Florida," torpedo-boat "O'Brien." and cruiser 

 "Chattanooga." Appointed by Mayor Van Wyck presi- 

 dent ,of East River Bridge Commission. January. 1898; 

 appointed, 1902, New York commissioner to Louisiana 

 Purcha.se Exposition, St. Louis; trustee of Webb's 

 Academy and home for shipbuilders; Democrat (Tam- 

 many Hall); succeeded Richard Croker as leader of 

 Tammany Hall, November, 1901, to May, 1902; chair- 

 man of finance committee. Democratic congressional 

 campaign committee. President and director of United 

 States Shipbuilding Company, which includes Bethle- 

 hem Steel Company, Union Iron Works, Cal., Bath 

 Iron Works, Crescent Shipyard, Eastern Shipbuilding 

 Company, and Harlan <fc Hollingsworth Compam u 

 mington, Del. Director: Ciiianlian Trust Company, 

 Trust Company of the Republic, t'mi.-d States Long 

 Distance Auto Company, International Smokeless 

 Powder Company. 



Noah, an eminent patriarch, the ninth in descent 

 lam, was born about 2950 B. C. He was 

 600 years old when the grand deluge destroyed all 

 the human race except himself and his family. \* 

 saved in the ark. and entered into n new and everlasting 

 covenant. Died at the age of 950 years. 



Nordic a. Lillian Mine, /oltan Dome), prima don nn: 

 born (Lillian Norton) in Karminnton. Me. in 1850; 

 musical education in New Kngland Conservatory, by 

 John O'Neill, and with San Giovanni. Milan. Italy; 

 married, first, to Mr. Gower; second, to Hrrr Dome. 

 Operatic debut, Brescia, Italy, in "Ij Traviata"; 

 appeared in I-ond.m. lss7. and in Paris. St. Pet. 

 and other Kuropean capital*. Repertoire embraces 

 tax and all the standard oratorios; best known 



North, In, i, rick. Earl of Guilford. commonly 

 known ai I <>rd North; state.innn; born in 1 

 the same family a : became chancellor of 



the exchequer in 17<V.. nnd from 177(1 

 prime minister. after which he formed n ronhtion with 

 I WIIM joint M-cretnry with him fora frw months. 

 He was the favonte mm .-III.. l>ut towards 



. f In- administration wished 

 with the colonies. Hied. 



North, SI . journalist, stalls- 



l...rn in Clint. m. N N 

 graduate of Hamilton Collece, 1809. Mana*in> 



i* Herald." 18&MW: president of New 

 York State A.>riid Press. 188*46; editor an 



..si A.-woe.nt.on of Wool Manufacturers, 1888^ 

 1903. ' Appointed member of United States 



to conclude peace 



Com,,,- b) President M. Kmlev, 1898; resigned, 



ef nUUslician for manu- 



