472 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



rector United States census. Author: "An American 

 Textile < ilos-ary." "A History of tin- American Wool 

 Manufacture. ' "Old Creek, an < Ud Time l'n>:. 

 an Old-Fashioned College" (memoir of Dr. Edward 

 North); also numerous pamphlets and lectures on 

 economical, industrial, and educational subjects. 



Norton, Charle> lOliot. profe-oi- of lu-tory of art. 

 Harvard, 1S74-9S; professor emeritus since lv<^: 

 born in Cambridge. lUMB., November Hi. ls_'7; grad- 

 uate of Harvard, 1S4U U-itt. 1)., Cambridge, England, 

 1884; L. H. I).. Columbia, iss:,; 1. 1.. I). Harvard. 

 1887. Yale. 1901; hon. D. C. L., Oxford University, 

 England. 1900). Entered commercial office in Boston, 

 IM'i; went as supercargo on East Indian voyage, 1849; 

 later made several trips to Europe. Known as a Dante 

 scholar and an authority on art. Author: "Consider- 

 ations on Some Recent Social Theories," "Historical 

 Studies of Church Building in the Middle Ages," "Notes 

 of Travel and Study in Italy." Editor: "North Amer- 

 ican Revieu." ls32-68; "Letters of James Russell 

 Lowell," "Writings of George William Curtis," "Corre- 

 spondence of Carlyle and Emerson, and of Goethe and 

 Carlyle," " Reminiscences and Letters of Thomas Car- 

 lyle." " Letters of John Ruskin." Translator of Dante's 

 "Vita Nuova" and "Divina Commedia." 



()'( onnell, Daniel, born in Kerry in 1775; educated 

 >mer and Douay, and was called to the bar in 

 His agitation for removing the political disabil- 

 ities of the Roman Catholics culminated in 1S28, when 

 he was elected for Clare, but not allowed to take his 

 seat. Amidst great excitement the Catholic Emancipa- 

 tion Bill was passed in 1829. He first demanded the 

 repeal of the Union in 1841. After holding several 

 monster meetings in Ireland, he was arrested, fined, and 

 imprisoned, but this judgment was reversed by the 

 House of Lords. O'Connell was opposed to the use of 

 physical force, and discountenanced the Chartists and 

 the " Young Ireland " party. He died in Genoa in 1847. 



Udell, Benjamin B., Jr., governor of New York, 

 1901-05; born in Newburgh, N. Y., January 14, 1854; 

 educated in public schools, Bethany (W. Va.) College, 

 and three years at Columbia College; since 1875, in 

 commercial pursuits; now president of ice and electric 

 lighting companies. Member of Republican State Com- 

 mittee since 1887; chairman of executive committee, 

 1896. Member of Congress, 1895-1901. Chairman of 

 Committee on Accounts, 55th Congress. Now chairman 

 of Republican State Committee, New York. 



O dourer, a Herule or Rugian chieftain, after attack- 

 ing and slaying the patrician Orestes, and deposing his 

 son, the Emperor Romulus Augustulus (476), ruled 

 Italy as patrician under the Eastern Emperor Zeno, 

 but was practically an independent sovereign. He was 

 overthrown by Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, who 

 put him to death in 493. 



Oglethorpe, James Edward, born in 1698; English 

 general, served, under Marlborough and Eugene; in 

 1733, founded tfoe colony of Georgia, which he named 

 after George II.; returned to England in 1743, and held 

 a command against the Jacobites (1745). Died, 1785. 



Ohm, Georg Simon, born in 1787; German man of 

 science; discovered "Ohm's law" of electricity, by 

 which the intensity of a current is stated in terms of 

 the electro-motive force and the resistance of the circuit. 

 Died, 1854. 



Oku, General Count, was born in 1847, and has 

 seen thirty-six years' service with the Japanese army. 

 In 1877, when he had attained the rank of major, he 

 greatly distinguished himself at the siege of Kumamoto 

 Castle by the Satsuma insurgents, cutting his way out 

 and opening communication with the relieving army. 

 When the war broke out with China in 1894, he was 

 given the command of a division in the Manchurian 

 campaign, arid received his title of nobility in recognition 

 of his great services. His knowledge of the ground, 

 and his capacity, marked him out for service in the war 

 with Russia, and he commanded the second army, 

 which landed on the east coast of the Liao-tung Penin- 

 sula in May. 1904, won the brilliant victory at Kinchau, 

 and did splendid service in the subsequent fighting in 

 Manchuria. Count. 1907. 



Oiaf, St., a Norwegian king; wrested the throne 

 from Eric, and set himself to propagate Christianity by 

 fire and sword, excited disaffection among his people, 

 who rebelled and overpowered him with the assistance 

 of Cnut of Denmark, so that he fled to his brother-in- 

 law, Jaroslav of Russia; by his help he tried to recover 

 the throne, but was defeated and slain, his body being 

 buried in Trondhjem; he was canonized in 1164, and is 

 patron saint of Norway. 



Olcott, "Chauncey" (Chancellor John Olcott), 

 singer and actor; born in Buffalo, July 21, 1860; edu- 

 cated in Buffalo common schools; brought out as singer 



by late II. M. Hooley, 1SSO. With Hooley's company 

 m, then consecutively with Haverly's company, 

 Carncross Minstrels, Denman Thompson, Duff's ( >pefa 

 Company for several seasons; sang two years in England 

 in comic opera, then succeeded W. ,1. Scanlan a^ star 

 in Irish musical dramas; has .since appeared in \anou.s 

 leading roles in I'niied Slates ami England. 



Olney, Richard, e\-t'nited States attorney-general, 

 e\-l'mted States secretary of state; born in Oxford, 

 -.ptember i:>, 1X35; graduate of Brown, 1856; 

 Harvard Law School, ls:,s : (LL. D.. Harvard, Brown, 

 Yale). Admitted to bar, 1S.">9; practiced law in Boston 

 (serving in Massachusetts Legislature, 1874) till ap- 

 pointed United states attorney-general by President 

 Cleveland, serving from March (i. ls<K<, to June s, 1V.'., 

 and from June 10, 1S95, until March 4, 1897, as secre- 

 tary of state, United States. Resumed practice of law. 



Omar Khayyam (<~>'mur kii-i/u'in), astronomer-poet 

 of Persia, born in Xaishapur, in Khorassan; lived in 

 the later half of the Eleventh Century, and died in the 

 first quarter of the Twelfth. He wrote a collection of 

 poems which breathe an Epicurean .spirit, and while 

 they occupy themselves with serious problems of life, 

 do so with careless sportiveness, intent on the enjoy- 

 ment of the sensuous pleasures of life, like an easy- 

 going Epicurean. The great problems of destiny do 

 not trouble the author, they are no concern of his, and 

 the burden of his songs assuredly is, as his translator 

 says, "If not, 'let us eat, let us drink, for to-morrow 

 we die.' " 



Oppenheim, Nathan, physician, medical author; 

 born in Albany, N. Y., October 17, 1865; graduate of 

 Harvard, 1888; College of Physicians and Surgeons 

 (Columbia), 1891. Attending physician, children's de- 

 partment, Sydenham Hospital, and New York City 

 Children's Hospital and schools; specialty in diseases of 

 children. Author: "The Development of the Child," 

 "The Medical Diseases of Childhood," "The Care of the 

 Child in Health," "Mental Growth and Control." Also 

 various scientific essays. 



Opper, Frederick Burr, artist; born in Madison, 

 Lake County, O., January 2, 1857; left school at 14; 

 worked a year or more in the village newspaper office; 

 went to New York and worked in a store for a short 

 time and then, having sold some humorous sketches to 

 "Wild Oats" and other comic papers, went to drawing 

 as a profession; on art staff of "Frank Leslie's" three 

 years; an artist of "Puck" eighteen yearsp severed 

 connection with "Puck" to accept offer from "Hearst's 

 New York Journal," May, 1899; stockholder in the 

 "Puck" company. Illustrator for Bill Nye, Mark 

 Twain, Hobart (Dinkelspiel), Dunne (Dooley), etc. 

 Author: "The Folks in Funny ville" (with his own 

 verses and pictures), "Our Antediluvian Ancestors," 

 "Happy Hooligan," "Alphonse and Gaston," "John 

 Bull." 



Orange, Princes of, (1) William L, "the Silent" 

 born in 1533, son of William, Count of Nassau; inherited 

 large domains in Brabant, Flanders, and Holland; was 

 sent as a boy to the court of Charles V. ; enjoyed the con- 

 fidence of that emperor, but was distrusted by His son, 

 Philip II. On learning the designs of Philip and Henri 

 II. of France against the Protestants (1559), he deter- 

 mined to espouse their cause. When the Duke of Alva 

 arrived in the Low Countries (1567), he put himself 

 at the head of the insurgents, and, after a protracted 

 struggle, founded the republic of the Netherlands ( l.">79) 

 of which he was elected the first Btadtholder. He was 

 assassinated at Delft. Died, 1584. (2) Maurice of Nassau 

 born in 1567, second son of the preceding; was one of 

 the most skillful strategists of the age. Was appointed 

 stadtholder of Holland in 1587, and soon afterwards of 

 Utrecht, Overysesl, and Gueldres. The war with Spain 

 was continued till 1009, after which the Dutch were able 

 to maintain their independence. In 1618, Barneveldt, 

 who accused Maurice of ambitious projects, was put to 

 death. Maurice succeeded his elder brother as Prince 

 of Orange (1618). Died, 1625. 



Oscar I., King of Sweden and Norway, son of Berna- 

 dotte. born in Paris, reigned from 1844 to 18">7. 



Oscar II., King of Sweden and Norway, son of 

 preceding, succeeded his brother Charles XV. in 1872; 

 has distinguished himself in literature by translating 

 Goethe's "Faust" into Swedish, and by a volume of 

 minor poems under his " nom deplume " Oscar Frederick; 

 born in 1829; died, 1907. 



Osier, William, physician, educator, author; born 

 in Tecumseh, Ont., 1849; graduate of Mcdill 

 Montreal, 1872; (LL. D., McGill, Toronto, University of 

 Edinburgh, University of Aberdeen, Harvard, Yale; 

 D. Sc., OxforrH; professor of institutes of medicine, 

 McGill University, 1874-84; professor of clinical medi- 

 cine, University of Pennsylvania, 1884; professor of 



