BIOGRAPHY 



473 



medicine, Johns Hopkins University. 1889-190~>; Regius 

 professor of medicine, Oxford University, since 1905. 

 Author: "The Cerebral Palsies of Children," "Chorea 

 and Chorelform affections," "Lectures on Abdominal 

 Tumors." "Angina Pectoris'and Allied States." "The 

 Principles and Practice of Medicine." "Cancer of the 

 Stomach," "Science and Immortality" (Ingersoll lecture, 

 H:irv:ir.l University). " .Equanimitas," and "Other 

 Addresses." 



o ian (osh'f-an), a Celtic bard, supposed to have 

 lived in Scotland or Ireland about fifteen hundred 



go. He was the s'tn of Hngal, King of Morven, 



is hero, and was Mind. Cretan's poems are re- 

 markahle for their grandeur and wild beaut v, and are 

 very different from all other jx>etry. They have been 

 published in nearly all European languages. 



Otto I., "the Great." Kmperor .f the West, born in 



of Henry the Fowler, was chosen King of Ger- 



in '.i.M w:is summoned to aid the Italians 



I'.erengar. and married Adelheid, widow of King 



l.othair; routed the Hungarian! near Augsburg, iti <>."">: 



.\:LS crow in- 1 l".mi>erc>r at Home b\ 1'ope.Iohn XII. 



-.iiuently deposed John, and set up Leo VIII. in 

 his stead. He extended his dominion over nearly the 

 whole of Italy, reestablished the Western Empire, and 

 made many reforms in church and state. Died, 973. 



OUIM. Kohert, the founder of socialism in England, 

 was born of poor parents in Newtown, Montgomeryshire. 

 1771. In 1800 he became owner of the New Lanark 

 Cotton Factory, where he proceeded to put in practice 

 his theories of a new system of society. He afterwards 

 made unsuccessful attempts to establish comrmin. 

 tleMients at N'.-.v Harmony in America (1825), and Har- 

 ni'inv Hall in Hampshire (1844). To his efforts may be 

 traced the first factory legislation, the co-operative 

 movement, and the establishment of infant schools. 



Iied. 



o \eti-tierna. Axel, Count, born in 1583, Swedish 



ui. was made chancellor by Gustavus Adolphus 



in Hil 1 ; succeeded him as leader of the 1'rotcstant party 



:i'-ted as regent throughout the 



minority of Christina, and became her chief minister 

 ie assumed the government (1644). Died, Itl.'.J. 



O\aiii;t. Field-Marshal Prince, was born in Kago- 

 sh ma. in 1844. Entered the Japanese Army, was ap- 

 pomted colonel in 1S71. promoted major-general in the 

 same year, lieutenant-general in 1877, general in 1891, 

 and in 1898, was raised to the rank of field-marshal. 

 Having served as military attache 1 on the French side 

 during the Franco-Prussian War, upon his return to 

 Japan he entered the ministry of war, and assisted in the 

 work of reorganising the army. In the Satsuma rebellion 

 took command of a brigade, and played a con- 

 spicuous part in subduing the revolt. Afterwards he 

 was appointed under-secret ary, and subsequently minis- 

 ter of war. When war broke out between Japan and 

 China he was minister of war, but he took the ti -i.l 

 a-H commander of the second army, and captured 

 Kinehow. Tahenwan. Port Arthur, and \\ 'ei-hai-wei. 

 In I'.tOl. Oyama was chief of the general staff, and when 

 war broke out with Russia he was appointed eotninander- 

 in-chief in Manchuria, defeating the Russians at the three 

 (Teat battles of I.iau-Yang. the Shaho, and Mukden. He 

 : the order of merit. February L'l. HK)6, and 

 resigned his post as chief of the general staff in April. 

 Received the first class of the order of the golden kite, 

 December, 1906, Prince. 1907. His wife was educated in 

 .i. and took a degree. 



I 1 . id. ! u -Ki. IIMI.HC- Jan, famous pianist and eom- 

 poser, was born in November 0, iSoO. m l'adilia. a pr..\ - 

 inee of Rumia Poland. He begaa to play the pian<> ai 

 the age of 3, and, when 7 years old. was placed under 

 Pierre Sovinski, a local tutor. In 1872. he went to War- 

 saw, learning harmonv and counterpoints from 1: 

 and Buruwqucntly from Frederick Kiel. He toured 

 through ind Koumania. playing onlv his 



he became professor of 



u Warsaw Conservatoire, and for a while, in 1884, 

 he was a profmsor at .ire. but then 



definitely derided to try his fortune im a virtuoso. After 

 three yean* studv with I.eseheti/kv. in Vienna, ho made 



-. Ho has toured 



n. and Am. 



r Chomafl V l-on. mhor; born in Oakland 



r CMIII, iv. Va.. April .' 

 D and I ,-e I 

 department - 



1 law in I! 

 Author: " In < ! \ 



"on Newfound R >ld s-nth 



Camp*, md Other Si i- War" 



Burial of the Guns." "Unc f I 



"Mars Chan." "Polly." "Social Life." in Old Virginia "The 

 Old Gentleman of the Black Stock." "Two Prisoners." 

 "Red Hock," "Santa Claus's Partner." "A Captured 

 Santa Claus." "Gordon Keith," "The Negro The 

 Southerner's Problem." 



Paine, John Knowles, professor of music, Harvard, 

 since 1875; born in Portland, Me., January 9, 1839; 

 studied music under Hermann Kotzschmar there; made 

 first appearance as organist, 1837; studied in Germany 

 under Haupt and others, 1858-61; made artistic tour 

 there. 1866-67; instructor of music. Harvard. 18 

 i A. M.. Mus. D.). Composer of music to "(Edipus Tyran- 

 nus " of Sophocles as performed in Greek at Cambridge. 

 1881; spring symphony; symphony in C minor; sym- 

 phonic poems; Shakesperes Tempest; "Island Fan- 

 tasy." overture to "As You Like It "; cantatas. Nativity 

 and Song of Promise, choruses to birds of Aristophanes; 

 etc.; opera of A/ara; "Centennial Hymn" to Wnittier's 

 words, sung at opening of Philadelphia Exposition. 1876; 

 Columbus march and hymn for World's Columbian 

 Exposition, 1892; Hymn of the West, words b 

 man, sung at the opening of the St. Louis Exposition. 

 1904; also mass, oratorio of St. Peter; cantatas. Realm 

 of Fancy and Phoebus Arise, etc. 



Paine, Thomas* a political writer; born in England, 

 1737. In 1774 came to the United States, became editor 

 of the "Pennsylvania Magazine": issued his pamphlet. 

 "Common Sense," in which he advocated the independ- 

 ence of the colonies. He went to Paris in 1789, and issue 1 

 there his "Rights of Man"; in 1792, elected a member 

 of the French National Assembly, acting with the Giron- 

 dists, and narrowly escaped the guillotine. In 1796, ap- 

 peared his deistical work. "The Age of Reason." Re- 

 turned to the United States in 1802. Died in New York. 

 1809. 



Faley, William, born in 1743, English theologian, 

 professor of divjnity at Cambridge, and archdeacon of 

 Carlisle; wrote "Honr Paulina*," "Natural Theology," 

 "Evidences of Christianity," etc. Died, 1805. 



Pallssy, Bernard (pah-le-te'), a famous French pot- 

 ter, chemist and enamcler. was born near Agcn. l.Vn. 

 The pottery made bv Palissy, known as the Palissv 

 ware, is much prized by collectors, and is distinguished 

 for the high relief of the figures and ornaments. Died. 



1 . K ( . ). 



I*. 1 1 ma. Tonias Estrada. Cuban patriot; born in 

 Bayomo, Cuba: studied law at University of Seville, but 

 never practiced. Took part in the Cuban revolution of 

 1868-78. in the early part of which his mother had been 

 captured and starved to death by the Spaniards. Her 

 death made him heir to a vast estate, which the Span- 

 iards confiscated. Ho became President of Cuban 

 Republic, but was captured. 1877, and imprisoned until 

 hostilities ceased, 187S; then went to Honduras; became 

 teacher and later postmaster-general; married a 

 tor of President Guardiola. Came to the United States; 

 settled in Central Valley. Orange County. N. Y. l>ur- 

 ing last revolution delepate-at -large and minister pleni- 

 potentiary for Cuban Republic. President of Cuba, 



l'.M)_M)6. 



Palmer, George Herbert, Alford professor of 

 natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil politv, 

 Harvard, since 1889; born in Boston. March 10. !*!.'. 

 graduate of Harvard. 1864; studied at 1 

 Tiibingen, 1867-89: And.-ver Theological Seminary. 

 : I . D.. University 'f Michigan. 1S'.>4. Union. 

 1895; Litt. I).. Western Reserv tor of Greek. 



Har\ard, 1870; assistant professor 1873-83, professor 

 philosophy. lxx:< s-.i. Author 



fish translation in rythnuc prose); "The New Education. ' 

 "The Glory of the Imperfect." "Self Cultivation 



lish. Hie Antigone of Sophocles" (translation), "The 



Field of Kthics. I he Nature of Goodnras." 



I'.ipin', Denis, born in Mini*, in France, A. P. 16-17; 



mathematician and phv-M, iM ; nt the timr 



of his death professor of mathematics* in the University 



of Marburg. He wa.s one of the early HIM nt->rs of the 



steam engine, and ther discoveries 



to his m." 

 Mlom in IV* 



Park. Kiisurll. phv it.. b.. rn 



m phv- 



fSSZ boM . 



ITK. BOSWVll] pnywrinn* IM 

 May 4, IH.'C'; graduate of U urine College. 

 cal departni' -tern UWVPI 



M. D.. Lake Forwt Univers.tN I I l> N al.ll 

 mstrurt4,r in nnnMinv. Woman's Medical Cottar- 

 ^soro/anat 



. Urn 

 surgery. Run Mrdical 



ISS.t. ,,r..fe-H,, r of surr-' 

 ItufTalo.andauni 



