BIOGRAPHY 



479 



Putnam, Herbert, librarian of Congress: born in 

 New York, September 20, 1861; graduate of Harvard, 

 1883 (Litt. D., Bowdoin, 1898; LL. D., Columbian, 

 1903; University of Illinois, 1903; University of \\is- 

 1904) ; partial course at Columbia Law School ; 

 admitted to Minnesota bar, 1886; bar of Suffolk County, 

 1S92; practiced law. Boston. 1892795. Librarian 

 of Minneapolis Athena-urn. 1884-87; Minneapolis Pub- 

 la Library. 1887-91; Boston Public Library. 1895-99; 

 appointed librarian of Congress, 1899; president of 

 m Library Association, 1898, 1904; overseer. 

 Harvard College. 1902. Has published numerous as- 

 iii reviews and professional journals. 



I'utn.im. Israel, an American patriot and Revolu- 

 tionary general, was born in Salem, Mass., in 1718. 

 He early served in the frontier war. fought against the 

 French, and, on the outbreak of the Revolution, fought 

 with distinguished valor at Bunker Hill. In 1778, he 

 was appointed major-general, and, in 1777, commanded 

 the army of the New York Highlands, and supervised 

 the erection of the fortifications at West Point. Died, 



I'M pin. Michael Idvorsky. professor of electro- 

 mechanics, Columbia, since 1889; born in Idvor, Banat. 

 Hungary. ( >ctober 4, 1858; graduate of Columbia, 1883; 

 studied physics and mathematics under von Helmholtz, 

 ity of Berlin (Ph. D.. Berlin). Wrote: "Os- 

 I'ressure and Free Energy," "Electrical Oscilla- 

 tion of Low Frequency and Their Resonance," " Reson- 

 ance Analysis of Alternating Currents," "Electro- 

 magnetic Theory," " Propagation of Long Electrical 

 "Wave Propagation Over Non-uniform Con- 

 ductors." 



r.\ le, Howard, artist, author; born in Wilmington. 

 Del., in 1853; educated in private schools and* Art 

 Students' Leairue. New York; contributes as artist and 

 author to leading New York periodicals. Author and 

 or: "The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood," 

 and Salt. or. Seasoning for Young Folks," 

 "Within the Capes," "The Wonder Clock." "The Rose 

 iise." "Otto of the Silver Hand." "A Modern 

 Aladdin." "Men of Iron," "Jack Ballister's Fortunes," 

 "Twilinht I.and," "The Garden Behind the Moon." 

 r Idem," "Rejected of Men." Also many mag- 

 azine stories and articles. 



l'\ rrhiis. King of Epirus; born about 318 B. C.; 



came to the throne in 306 B. C.; was expelled a few 



years later, but restored by the help of Ptolemy Sot.'-r 



in 296; held the kingdom of Macedonia for a short 



;id. in L'sl, went to Italy to help Tarentum 



against the Romans. He was at first successful (through 



his elephants and the phalanx), but was finally defeated 



After this he again mastered Macedonia, but 



was killed by a tile in a night attack on Argos, in 272. 



I'Mhagoras, Greek philosopher, born in Samos. 



which he left for Crotona, in Southern Italy, where he 



1 so much influence as an opponent of democ- 



it his followers were exposed to persecution and 



ii- I. -ft no writings, but his doctrines of the 



-." "Metempsychosis," and the "Music of the 



Spheres" are well known, the first being the beginning 



vsical science. Died, about 470 B. C. 



(/.i n. IN . I iMiicnls. born in A. D. 1694; an eminent 



physician, :it tin- time of his death first physician 



!! is no\v remembered, however, as a 



:, political . r,,n. .my. to which science he is said 



i it- name. Although he wrote in the 



of the srii-nce. and many of his opinions are not 



I by Adam 



M:. "with all its imperfections, the nearest 

 c truth that has yet been published 



nomy. I 



<jiilrn\. .lo-i.ih, \ i i statesman, born in 



ton; WMDTW r. and entered GooffM in 1804, 



ied himself by hin oratory an leader 



I edcral party, as the sworn foe of -lave holding. 



n: in isiL'. he retired from CbngreMi. 

 nuielf for a time to purely (oral affaire in Mssna- 



rhtisetts. and at length to hterarv labor*, editing hi* 

 speeches for one thing, without cwing to interest him- 



wlf if. 



i: " l -rem of Jewish de- 



" 'Ana 



e nang for bread in the ptreetn : 

 1888. ah* appeared in Paris on Cntmllr m Cbrneille'i 

 "Las Horaces." and was henceforward th unrivaled 

 exponent of the classical achool, her great pan being 

 re, I>,ed. 1H58. 



IB, 'lie greatest French dramatist of the 

 claiwical nrhool. was born in La Forte^M 



ie (.n the marriage 

 XIV. (1660) WM rewarded by a pennon from 



the king. He first exhibited his genius in "Andro- 

 maque,' which was followed by a brilliant series of 

 tragedies, closing with "Phfcdre. His single comedy. 

 " Les Plaideurs. appeared in 1668. In 1677. he was 

 led by religious motives to cease writing for the stage. 

 but. in 1691. he published a sacred drama. "Athalie." 

 which is by many considered his masterpiece. Died, 

 1699. 



Ragoiin, Zenaide Alexelevna, author; born in 

 Russia; she traveled extensively in Europe; came to 

 United States. 1874. and became naturalized citiren. 

 Author: "Story of Chaldea." "Story of Assyria." 

 "Story of Media, Babylon, and Persia," "Story of Yedic 

 India ' (in the "Stories of the Nations series), " History 

 of the World " (first and second parts: " Earliest Peoples 

 and Early Egypt"). "Siegfried, the Hero of the 

 lands," "Beowulf, the Hero of the Anglo-Saxons." 

 " Frithjof. the Viking of Norway." " Roland, the Paladin 

 of France." "Salammbd, the Maid of Carthage" (in 

 "Tales of Heroic Ages" series). Translated from 

 French, Anatole Leroy Beaulieu's "The Empire of the 

 Tsars and the Russians." 



Raleigh, or Ralegh, Sir Walter, statesman, navi- 

 gator, and author; born near Budleigh in 1552; studied 

 at Oriel College, Oxford ; fought in support of the Protes- 

 tants in France (1569); distinguished himself against 

 the rebels in Ireland, 1580-81; rose rapidly in Eliza- 

 beth's favor; in 1585, despatched an expedition to 

 America, which discovered Virginia, so named in honor 

 of the queen; took part in the repulse of the Spanish 

 Armada (1588); in 1595, went to Guiana in search of 

 gold, and sailed some distance up the Orinoco; held a 

 command in the attack on Cadiz (1596). After the 

 accession of James I. he waa accused of complicity in 

 the plot to raise Arabella Stuart to the throne, and 

 imprisoned in the Tower for thirteen years (1603-16). 

 during which he wrote his "History of the World." 

 In 1616. he was permitted to lead an expedition to 

 Guiana against the Spaniards, but his pardon was made 

 dependent on his success, and, as the attempt was a 

 failure, he was executed on his return (!' 



Rankc, Leopold von, German historian; born in 

 Thuringia in 179">; educate* 1 at Leipzig, was appointed 

 extraordinary professor at Berlin in 1825. ordinary pro- 

 fessor in 1834, and in 1841. became royal historiographer. 

 Among his chief works are the "History of the Popes." 

 the "History of Germany during the Reformation, and 

 the "History of Kmrland: Chiefly in th< 

 Century." Died in 1886. 



Raphael, RafTacllo Santl, or Sanzlo. born in 1481; 

 son of Giovanni Santi; a painter; studied under 1'ietro 

 Pcrugino; in l.MM. went to Florence where he attached 

 himself to Fra Kartolomeo. and was much inllin 

 the works of the Florentine school: m 1.VI8. was sum- 

 moned to Rome by Julius II. to axiom with frescoes the 

 walls of the Vatican, which occupied him till 1.M4. He 

 was much employed by I.eo \.. who >u< .-ceded .luhu* in 

 l.M:{. To this period "beloim the cartoon* at Hampton 

 Court. Raphael also displayed genius as an at 

 and after the death of Bramat lupetintended 



the building of the new cathedral of St. Peter s. 

 1620. 



K.iu litisoii. George, born in 1815; canon of Canter- 

 bury, historian, and Orientalist; was educated at Ox- 

 ford, where he was appointed Camden professor of an- 

 cient Instorv m isf.i. AmoiiK his chief works are his 

 version of Herodotus U s i histories . 



: .nan-hies of the Ancient F.aMcrn World." 

 and " ' pt." 



Ka.Mier. Isi,i,.r. United States senator, lawyr: 



in Baltimore, April ll. IS.'*); edurn 1 



Virginia; admitted to bar. 1ST i to Maryland 



gross, 1886-02; attorney-general. Maryland. 1800; 

 counsel for Rear-Ad m,r before invr< 



commission. 1901; United States senator, Maryland. 



KC.I.IC. < harles, m.l drnmnt.^; born in 



.1; was educated at 

 Oxford, of which he became Fellow. 



i. were inter 



i '.-g Woffington." "It is Never Too Late to I 

 "The Cloister and the Hearth," and "Griffith Gaunt." 



lUclu*. Jean Jac; i ,c. F>wch geographer ; 

 bom u, Saint 

 In consequence of his extreme democratic views he left 



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Oolonioia. He 



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