488 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



"Prometheus Unbound," together with many of his 

 minor and most exquisite poems. In ls22. lie perished 

 by the capsizing of his boat, while sailing in the Gulf 

 of Leghorn. 



Shcpard, IMward Morse, lawyer; horn in New 

 York, in Is.'iO; graduate of College of City of New York, 

 \. H.. l^tiu. C'lvil service commissioner, Brooklyn, 

 1883-85, chairman, 1888-90; New York State 

 commiaaioner, 1^4-85; Democratic candi. late for mayor 

 :'er New York, 1901; since proposed for guber- 

 natorial and other nominations of his party. Director 

 in numerous railway and other corporations. Author: 

 "Martin Van Buren" (American Statesmen" series), 

 "Memoirs of Dugdale." and many review*, i 

 and other articles and addresses on political, industrial, 

 and educational i 



Sheridan, P'lilip Henry, born in 1S31; American 

 general; distinguished himself during the Civil War at 

 Stone River, ami by his victory of Cedar Creek (October 

 19, 1864), and afterwards under Grant at Five Forks 

 (April 1, lS6.->>. and Sailor's Creek. In lxtJ7. he quar- 

 reled with President Johnson, and was dismissed from 

 his command. Died, 1SSS. 



xherman. .lame* Schoolrraft, was born in Utica, 

 \ \ . < (etober 24. 1S55; received an academic and col- 

 legiate education, graduating from Kami. ton College in 

 the class of 1878; was admitted to tTie bar in 1880; is a 

 practicing lawyer; also president of the Utica Trust and 

 Deposit Company, and president of the New Hartford 

 Canning Company; has served in these public positions: 

 Mayor of Utica, 1884; delegate to the Republican Na- 

 tional Convention in 1892; chairman of New; York State 

 Republican convention in 1895 and again in 1900; 

 chairman of the National Republican Congressional 

 committee since 1906; was elected to the Fiftieth, Fifty- 

 ! ifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth. 

 Fifty-seventh, Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth 

 Congresses, and, in June, 1908, received the Republican 

 nomination for Vice-President of the United States. 



Sherman, William Tecumseh, born in 1820; 

 American general ; served with distinction in California, 

 and, having in the interval been occupied in various 

 pursuits, commanded a brigade at Bull's Run (July 21. 

 1861), was wounded at Shiloh (April 6-7, 1862), and 

 having led the expedition against Vicksburgh, took 

 Arkansas Port at the head of the 15th Corps. He com- 

 manded the left wing at Chattanooga (November 23-25, 

 1863). and was soon after made head of the army of the 

 Tennessee. He was repulsed by Johnston at Kenesaw 

 Mountain (June 27, 1864), but defeated his successor, 

 Hood. After further victories he became lieutenant- 

 general, and, in 1869, became commander-in-chief, a 

 position which he held till 1884. Died. 1891. 



Siddons, Sarah, bern in 1755; English actress, nee 

 Kemble; joined Garrick in 1775, and acquired a rapid 

 reputation. In 1812 she retired with a fortune, having 

 given unrivaled renderings of the greatest characters in 

 the tragedies of Shakespere and other writers. Died, 

 1831. 



Siegel, Henry, merchant; born in Eubigheim, Ger- 

 many, March 17, 1852; educated in Germany, and in 

 i'lol. Washington; came to United States, 1867; 

 1 place in clothing store, Washington, at $3.50 

 _per week, worked there four years until he received $15 

 per week; went to work for his brothers who had a store, 

 at Parkersburg, Pa.; later partner in store established 

 by brothers at Lawrenceburg, Pa.; moved to Chicago, 

 1876, establishing cloak manufacturing firm of Siegel, 

 Id & Company, later Siegel Brothers; with 

 Frank H. Cooper, Peoria merchant, established Sieve! , 

 Cooper & Company, department store, Chicago; moving 

 finally, 1893, into the "Big Store," State and Van Buren 

 streets; in 1896, established store of Siegel-Cooper Com- 

 pany, New York; purchased Simpson-Crawford Com- 

 pany store, New York, January, 1902, and in August, 

 1902, a half interest in Schlesinger fc Mayer, Chicago. 



*iii-.hee. Charles Dwiglit, naval officer; born in 

 Albany, N. Y., January 16, 1845; Naval Academy. 1*59- 

 63; promoted ensign, October 1, 1863; served in West 

 Gulf squadron, 1863-64, and was present at battle of 

 Mobile Bay; in North Atlantic squadron, ISO"), and at 

 both attacks on Fort Fisher and final assault on same; 

 after Civil War, 1874-78, sounded and explored the 

 Gulf of Mexico; introduced numerous inventions and 

 new methods in deep sea exploration, for which he later 

 received decoration of Red Eagle of Prussia from 

 Emperor William I., and received gold medal from 

 abroad. Took command, April 10, 1897, of battleship 

 "Maine," which was blown up and destroyed in 

 Havana harbor, February 15, 1898; commanded bat- 

 tleship "Texas." September, 1898, to January, 1900; 

 rear-admiral, 1904; member Naval Construction Board 

 and Naval General Board. Author: "Deep Sea 



Sounding and Dredging," " United States Coast Survey," 

 "Personal Narrative of the Battleship 'Maine.'" 



Sillimaii. Itenjamin. an American naturalist; born 

 in Connecticut in 1779; graduated at Yale College in 

 1796. and entered upon tne professorship of chemistry 

 there in 1S04, in which position he gained great celebrity, 

 both as an experimentalist and as a popular lecturer. 

 In IMS. he founded "The American Journal of Science 

 and Arts," the first of its kind in the United States. 

 Died m 1864. His son Benjamin succeeded his father 

 at ^ ale. Horn. ISKi; died. 1885. 



Simpson. Sir James Ynimm. Hart., M. D., born in 



1811; physician; made a speciality of obstetrics. He 



discovered the anaesthetic properties of chloroform. 



M'veral medical works he was author of " Archa-o- 



logieal Essays." Died. 1870. 



Sismondi, Jean Charles Simonde de, historian 

 and economist; was born in Geneva in 1773; wa< im- 

 prisoned there in 1794, as an aristocrat, and fled to Tus- 

 cany, but in 1800, returned to his native place. His 

 chief works were "History of the Italian Hepuhlics of 

 the Middle Ages," "History of the French," "History 

 of the Literature of the South of Europe," and some 

 economical works. Died, 1842. 



Sitting Hull, a chief of the Sioux Indians; born about 

 1837; was regarded as a great "medicine man" by his 

 tribe; and was an obdurate foe of the whites. He was 

 conspicuous in the Sioux massacre of 1862; was con- 

 stantly on the war path for fourteen years; was a leader 

 in the Indian outbreaks of 1876; and was in command 

 at the battle of the Little Big Horn in which (leneral 

 Custer and his entire force were killed. With his band 

 he escaped into Canada, but continued even there to 

 incite rebellion among the Sioux. In 1880, receiving 

 the promise of pardon, he returned to Dakota and sur- 

 rendered to General Miles. He again incited the Indians 

 to renewed outbreaks. His arrest was ordered and the 

 Indian police were detailed on this duty. In attempting 

 to resist them, he was killed December 15, 1890. 



Sixtus IV. born in 1414; was elected in 1471; 

 equipped a fleet against the Turks, supported the Pazzi 

 against the Medici, and Venice against Ferrara, but ex- 

 communicated the former for not agreeing to a peace. 

 He built the Sistine chapel. Died, 1484. 



Sixtus V., born in 1521; was originally a shepherd 

 boy near Ancona, by name Felice Peretti, but became 

 successively general of the Cordeliers at Bologna, con- 

 fessor to Pius V., and cardinal, being elected successor 

 to Gregory XIII. in 1585. He excommunicated Henry 

 of Navarre, Condd, and Henri III. of France, and ap- 

 proved the expedition of Philip II. against England; 

 and at Rome rebuilt the Vatican library, established the 

 press, spent large sums in improving and adorning the 

 city, and put down brigandage in his dominions. He 

 also fixed the number of cardinals at seventy. Died, 

 1590. 



Smalley, George Washburn, American correspond- 

 ent to London "Times " since July, 1895; born in Frank- 

 lin, Norfolk County, Mass., 1833; graduated from Yale, 

 1853 (A. M.); Harvard Law School, 1855; practiced 

 law in Boston, 1856-61; in Civil War, 1861-62, war 

 correspondent to "New York Tribune"; organized 

 European Bureau, "New York Tribune." 1866-67; in 

 charge of its European correspondence until 1895; 

 special United States commissioner at Paris Exposition, 

 1878. Author: "London Letters," "Studies of Men." 



Smith, Goldwin, author; born in Reading, England, 

 August 23, 1823; graduated from Magdalen College, 

 Oxford University, 1845; M. A. (D. C. L., Oxford, 1SS2; 

 LL. D., Princeton, 1896); called to English bar, 1847; 

 Regius professor of modern history, Oxford, 1858-66; 

 active champion of North during American Civil War; 

 visited United States, 1864; came to United States, 

 1868; lecturer, 1868-71, and later honorary professor 

 of English and constitutional history, Cornell; has lived 

 in Toronto since 1871. Author: "Irish History and 

 Irish Character," "Lectures on Modern History," "Ra- 

 tional Religion and the Rationalistic Objections of the 

 Bamnton Lectures for 1858," "Does the Bible Sanction 

 American Slavery?" "The Empire," "On the Morality 

 of the Emancipation Proclamation," "A Letter to a 

 Whig Member of the Southern Independence Association, ', 

 "England and America," "The Civil War in America," 

 "Three English Statesmen," "Essays on Reform/' "The 

 Reorganization of the University of Oxford," "The Irish 

 Question," "The Relations Between America and Eng- 

 land," "William Cowper," "Jane Austen," "Lectures 

 and Essays," "The Conduct of England to Ireland,^ 

 "False Hopes," " Loyalty, Aristocracy, and Jingoism," 

 "The Political Destiny of Canada." "Canada and the 

 Canadian Question," "William Lloyd Garrison: a Bio- 

 graphical Essay," "A Trip to England," "History of the 

 United States," "Oxford and Her Colleges," "Bay 



