490 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



Spooner, John Colt, lawyer; l"> -cnator; 



horn in Lawrenoeburjc, I nil.. January ti, 1S4S; removed 

 to Madison, V. irraduate of University of Wi-- 



consin. 1864; served private. Oa A, 40th Wisconsin 

 infantry volunteers; captain and brevet-major of 50th 

 :isin infantry; later private ami military secretary 

 to Governor Lucius Fairehild. of Wisconsin. Admitted 

 :ir, 1867; assistant attorney-general, Wisconsin. 

 1867-70; practiced law at Hudson, Wisconsin, 1870 M; 

 member of Wisconsin Assembly. 1X72. I'nited States 

 senator. 1885-91. and again in lv.'7-l<oi>. Resigned 

 on latter date and entered upon the practice of law in 

 New York. 



Spreckel*. Clans, sugar refiner; born in Lamstedt, 

 Hanover. 1X28; came to the l'nite.1 States in 184i>; was 

 employed at (Charleston, S. C., and New York; went to 

 San Ft 356; conducted a store, and later a 



brewery. Kstablished Bay Suirar Ketinerv, 1863, pro- 

 curing raw material from Hawaii; invented new refining 

 9; ac<iuired sugar properties in Hawaii; built 

 new refineries; has a beet-sugar farm of 1,500 acres and 

 factory at Watsonville, Cal.; large owner in Oceanic 

 up Company, plying between San Francisco and 

 Honolulu. 



SpurKiMiii, Charles Haddon born in 1834; Baptist 

 preacher; was born in Essex, and came to London in 

 1 V.:;. the Metropolitan Tabernacle being opened in 1861. 

 His sermons were published weekly almost from the be- 

 ginning, and had a large sale. In 1887, he withdrew 

 from the Baptist Union. Died. 1892. 



Stand ish, >liles, one of the Puritan fathers, of 

 Lancashire birth, and a cadet of a family of knightly 

 rank in the country, served in the Netherlands as a 

 soldier, and came to America in the "Mayflower," in 

 1 )_'!). and was helpful to the colony in its relations 

 both with the Indians and the mother country. Stan- 

 dish is the hero of a poem of Longfellow's. 



Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, born in 1815; divine, 

 son of Edward, Bishop of Norwich (died, 1849); author 

 of "Familiar History of Birds"; was educated at 

 Rugby and Balliol, and became professor of ecclesiastical 

 history at Oxford in 1858. He visited the East in 

 1853 and 1862, and was appointed dean of Westminster 

 in 1863. Among his works were "Life of Dr. Arnold," 

 "Sinai and Palestine," and "Essays on Church and 

 State." Died, 1881. 



Stanley, Henry Morton, D. C. L., African explorer; 

 born in Wales in 1841 ; took the name of his adopted 

 father in place of that of Rowlands, and having served 

 in the American Civil War, and been a war correspond- 

 ent in Turkey and Abyssinia, was, in 1870, sent to find 

 Livingstone, whom he met at Ujiji (November 10, 1871), 

 and having explored with him, came home in 1872. 

 In 1874, he again went to Africa, and in the course of 

 four years explored Victoria and Albert Nyanza, and 

 the Congo. In 1879-82, he once more visited the latter, 

 and, in 1887, went to relieve Emin Pasha. "How I 

 .Found Livingstone," "Through the Dark Continent," 

 and "In Darkest Africa" describe his expeditions. 

 Died, 1904. 



Stanton, Edwin M., an American statesman, was 

 born in Steubenville, O., in 1814. He practiced law 

 with success in his native town until 1847, when he 

 settled in Pittsburgh, Pa., and there became leader of 

 the bar. In 1857, he took up his abod:- in Washington, 

 and, in 1860, was made attorney-general of the United 

 States, and, in 1862, secretary of war. This arduous 

 post he filled throughout the Civil War with conspicuous 

 energy, industry, and ability. He retained office after 

 the death of President Lincoln, until 1867, when he was 

 suspended by President Johnson, who appointed General 

 Grant in his place ad interim. The latter, however, 

 only held the, appointment a few months, that is to say, 

 till Station's reinstation by the senate in January, 1868. 

 In May, he definitely retired from the secretaryship, 

 and, in December, 1869, was appointed an associate 

 justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and 

 died during the same month. 



Stedman, Edmund Clarence, poet, critic; born in 

 Hartford. Conn., in \W>\ educated at Yale, class of 

 1853, A. M. (L. H. D., Columbia, LL. D., Yale). Editor 

 of Norwich (Conn.) "Tribune," 1852-53; Winsted 

 (Conn.) "Herald," 1854-55; on staff of New York 

 "Tribune," 1859-61; war correspondent for "World," 

 1861-63; filled a position under United States Attorney- 

 General Bates; member of New York Stork Exchange, 

 1869-1900. Delivered initiatory course of lectures of 

 Turnbull Chair of Poetry, Johns Hopkins, later re- 

 peated at Columbia and University of Pennsylvania. 

 Author: "Poems, Lyric and Idyllic," "Alice of Mon- 

 mouth an Idyl of the Great War," "The Blameless 

 Prince," "Poetical Works," "Hawthorne, and Other 

 Poems," "Lyrics and Idyls, with Other Poems," "Poems | 



Now First Collected." "Mater Coronata." also volumes 

 of poems. Critical works: "Victorian 1'oets," "Poets 

 of America." "The Nature and Klements of Poetry." 

 Editor: "Cameos from the Poems of Walter Savage 

 Landor" (with T. B. Aldrich), "Poems of Austin Dob- 

 son." "A I.ibrarv of American Literature" (eleven vol- 

 umes, with Ellen M. Hutehinaon), isss-si); "The Works 

 of Edgar Allan 1'oe" (ten volumes, with Professor G. E. 

 \\Oodbnry), "A Yictorian Anthology," "An American 

 Anthology, "History of New York Stock Exchange." 

 Died in New York in~1908. 



Stephen, Leslie, born in 1832, son of Sir James; 

 was for several years fellow and tutor of Trinity College, 

 Cambridge; edited the "Cornhill" for eleven yean, 

 and, in 1882, undertook the editorship of the "Diction- 

 ary of National Biography," which he resigned in 1891. 

 Among his works are "History of English Thought in 

 the Eighteenth Century," "The Science of Ethics"; 

 lives of Johnson, Pope, and Swift in the " Men of Letters " 

 series, and a "Life of Henry Fawcett." Died, I'.tOi. 



Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, an American 

 statesman, was born in Georgia in 1812. Sent to Con- 

 gress by the Whig party in 1843, he retained his seat 

 in that body till 1859, during which'period he supported 

 the annexation of Texas, promoted the passage of the 

 Kansas and Nebraska Act of 1854, and joined the Dem- 

 ocratic party in upholding the measures of President 

 Buchanan. In 1860, he opposed the secession of his 

 State, but in the following year, gave in his adhesion 

 to sectional views, and was elected vice-president of the 

 so-called Southern Confederacy. After the collapse of 

 the latter, Stephens suffered a brief imprisonment in 

 Fort Warren, and in 1865, after being reflected senator 

 to Congress, was not allowed to take his seat. In 1869, 

 he published "A History of the War of Secession," and, 

 in 1870, "A Constitutional View of the War Between 

 the States." Died, 1883. 



Stephenson, George, engineer; was born in Wylam 

 in 1781; worked as a collier and brakesman, and, in 

 1815, was presented with 1,000 guineas, and publicly 

 entertained for his invention of a safety lamp. His 

 first engine had been constructed before this, and, in 

 1829, he won a prize of 500 for the best engine, his 

 locomotive, the "Rocket," being fitted with the "blast- 

 pipe." Died, 1848. 



Stephenson, Robert, born in 1803; son of the above; 

 won the mathematical prize in a six-months' course at 

 Edinburgh University, and returned to help his father. 

 He constructed the "Planet," the model of the modern 

 locomotive, and won world-wide reputation as a con- 

 structor of bridges, and in connection with railways. 

 He entered parliament for Whitby as a Conservative 

 in 1847. Died, 1859. 



Stepniak, Serglus Dragpmanoff, born in 1841; 

 Russian writer; was removed from his professorship of 

 Kieff and exiled in 1876, for his political opinions, and 

 then settled in Geneva. Among his works are "Hio- 

 mada" ("Common Things"), "Tyrannicide in Russia." 

 and "The Turks Within and Without," "Underground 

 Russia," etc. Died, 1895. 



Sterne, Laurence, born in 1713; Irish divine and 

 writer, author of "Tristram Shandy" (1759-67), "The 

 Sentimental Journey," and "Letters to His Friends" 

 (posthumous), etc. Died, 1768. 



Stevenson, Adlai Ewing, Vice-President of the 

 United States, 1893-97; born in Christian County, Ky., 

 October 23, 1835; educated in common schools and 

 Center College, Danville, Ky. ; was not graduated; 

 family removed to Bloomington, 111., when he was 17 

 years old; admitted to bar, May, 1857; master in chan- 

 cery, 1860-64; member of Congress, 1875-77; delegate 

 to National Democratic Convention, 1884 and 1X92; 

 first assistant postmaster-general, 1885-89; after term 

 as vice-president, appointed in 1897, as member of the 

 commission to Europe to try to secure international 

 bimetallism. Democratic nominee for vice-president of 

 the United States, 1900. 



Stevenson, Robert Louis, born in 1850; novelist, 

 poet, and essayist, grandson of the above; gave up the 

 family profession and traveled, afterwards writing the 

 following works, among others: "An Inland Voyage," 

 " Yirginibus Puerisque," "New Arabian Nights," "Treas- 

 ure Island," "A Child's Garden of Verse," "Prince 

 Otto," "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," 

 " K id napped," "The Master of Ballantrae," "The 

 Wrecker, "A Footnote to History." In 1890, he went 

 to live in Samoa, where he died in 1895. 



Steyn, Martinus Theunis, a Boer statesman; born 

 in Winburg, Orange Free State, October 2, 1857; worked 

 on his father's farm till 1876, when he went to England 

 to study. He returned to Africa in 1882, and practiced 

 law in Bloemfontein till 1889, when he was made second 

 puisne judge and state attorney. Later, he became 



