492 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



Stuart, Gilbert Charles, "American Stuart"; born 

 in 1756: portrait-painter; went to Knglaml when younjr. 

 and lived there till 1793. He was a pupil of West, and 

 executed portraits of George III., George IV., Lou 

 Washington, Reynolds, and other contemporaries. Died, 



Stubbs, William, D. D., born in 1825; historian 

 and divine; became Regius professor of modern history 

 at Oxford in 1866. Bishop of Chester in 1884. and of Ox- 

 ford in 1889. His chief works are "Select Charters. 

 "Constitutional History of England to 1485." and edi- 

 tions of the "Chronicles" of Benedict of Peterborough 

 and Roger Hoveden. 



Sudermann, Herman, German dramatist and 

 novelist, was born in Mazisken. in East Prussia, Septem- 

 ber 30, 1857 ; studied in the universities of Kocnigsberg 

 and Berlin, and became a teacher and journalist. He 

 published a series of tales, of which "Frau Sorge," "Der 

 Katzensteg," and "Es War," are the most impressive. 

 The drama "Sodom's Ende" was produced in 1890, and 

 was followed by "Die Heimat," which, translated as 

 "Magda." has been represented by Duse, Sarah Bern- 

 hardt. and Mrs. Patrick Campbell. His later works 

 include "Das Gluck im Winkel," "Reiherfedern." 

 "Morituri." "Johannes," and "Das Johannisfeuer." In 

 October. 1906, "Das Blumerboot" was produced in 

 Berlin, and "Rosen" at Vienna in October, 1907. 



Sue, Eugene, an eminent French novelist, was born 

 in Paris, 1804. His most popular works are, "The 

 Mysteries of Paris," and "The Wandering Jew." 

 Died. 1857. 



Sully, Thomas, an eminent American painter, was 

 born in County of Lincoln, England, in 1783. While a 

 boy he emigrated to America, and studied his art at 

 Charleston, afterwards successively taking up his resi- 

 dence in Richmond, Va., New York, and Philadelphia. 

 As a portrait painter, he enjoyed great reputation, many 

 of the most illustrious personages of the time being 

 among his sitters. His chief historical work is "Wash- 

 ington Crossing the Delaware," now in the Boston 

 Museum. Died, 1872. 



Sumner, Charles, born in 1811; American states- 

 man and jurist; delivered a powerful speech against war 

 in 1845. "The True Grandeur of Nations," and in 1850 

 was elected United States senator. In 1856, he made a 

 speech, "The Crime Against Kansas," which caused a 

 personal attack upon him by a Southern delegate. In 

 1859, he made his oration, "The Barbarism of Slavery," 

 waschairman of Committee on Foreign Relations, 186 1-7 1 ; 

 and was a strong supporter of the American claims in 

 the " Alabama " case. Died, 1874. 



Swedenborg, Emanuel, founder of the "New 

 Church," was born in Stockholm, 1688, and occupied 

 himself as a scientific engineer till 1743, from which time 

 he began to write, when living in Sweden or England, 

 among his numerous works being "Arcana Crelestia," 

 "De Cultu et Amore Dei," "The True Christian Relig- 

 ion," and several scientific treatises. Died, 1772. 



Swift, Jonathan, The greatest of English satirists; 

 born in Dublin, Ireland, 1667. He was the posthumous 

 son of Jonathan Swift, an Englishman ; and was educated 

 at Kilkenny and at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1701, 

 he took his doctor's degree, and in 1704, he published 

 anonymously his famous "Tale of a Tub," to which was 

 appended the "Battle of the Books." In 1710, Swift 

 began his "Journal to Stella," which constitutes a 

 splendid commentary on his own history. He wrote 

 many political pamphlets supporting the Tory policy of 

 his day, the most powerful of which was "The Conduct 

 of the Allies." His celebrated " Drapier's Letters " 

 made him the idol of the Irish people. His famous 

 "Gulliver's Travels," appeared in 1726. Swift did 

 much to make public opinion a governing power in 

 English politics. He died in Dublin (1745), bequeathing 

 the greatest part of his fortune to a hospital for lunatics 

 and idiots. 



Swinburne, Algernon Charles, son of Admiral 

 Swinburne, was born in London, 1837. Educated at 

 Balliol College, Oxford. Visited Florence, and passed 

 some time there. His first productions were two plays 

 "Queen Mother," and "Rosamond." These were fol- 

 lowed by two tragedies, "Atalanta in Calydon," and 

 "Chastefard." and "Poems and Ballads," which met with 

 severe criticism. His later works are " A Song of Italy," 

 "William Blake, a critical essay"; "Songs Before Sun- 

 rise," in which he glorifies Pantheism and Republicanism ; 

 "Studies in Song." "A Century of Rondels," "Life of 

 Victor Hugo," a poem on "The Armada," "A Study of 

 Ben Jonson," "Astrophel, and other Poems," "Studies 

 in Prose and Poetry," "The Tale of Balen," " Rosamund, 

 Queen of the Lombards." "A Channel Passage, and other 

 Poems," and "Love's Cross-Currents." 



SybH. Heinrich von, born in 1817; German histo- 

 rian and politician, held chairs at Marburg, Munich, and 

 Bonn successively, and in 1875, became director of state 

 archives. He opposed Bismarck's Polish policy in the 

 I "Prussian Landtag," and entered the Reichstag, in 1875. 

 His chief work is "History of the French Revolution." 

 Died. 1895. 



Sylvester, James Joseph, D. C. L., F. R. S., etc., 

 born in 1814; mathematician, after holding chairs at 

 University College, in the University of Virginia, at 

 Woolwich, and at the Johns Hopkins University, Balti- 

 I more, became Savilian professor of geometry at Oxford, 

 in 1883. He discovered the "theory of reciprocals. " 

 invented the plagiograph and other instruments, and 

 published " IAWS of Verse" and other works. 



Tacitus, Caius Cornelius, born in 55; Roman histo- 

 rian; married the daughter of the consul Agricola, was 

 quaestor under Vespasian, sedile under Titus, pnetor under 

 Domitian, and consul under Nerva. His chief works 

 are the "Life of Agricola" and the "Germania," both 

 written about 98, the "Histories" extending from 68 to 

 96, and the "Annals," extending from 14 to 68. Died, 

 circa 130. 



Taft, William Howard, secretary. of war of United 

 States; born in Cincinnati, September 15, 1857; gradu- 

 ate of Yale, B. A., 1878; Law School, Cincinnati College, 

 LL. B., 1880 (LL. D., University of Pennsylvania, 1902, 

 Yale, 1903): admitted to Ohio bar, 1880; law reporter 

 Cincinnati Times, and later of Cincinnati Commer- 

 cial, 1880-81; assistant prosecuting attorney, Hamil- 

 ton, County, Ohio, 1881-82; collector internal revenue, 

 first district, Ohio, 1882-83; practiced law, Cincinnati, 

 1883-87; assistant county solicitor, Hamilton County, 

 1885-87; Judge Superior Court of Ohio, 1887-90; solici- 

 tor-general of United States, 1890-92; dean and pro- 

 fessor in law department, University of Cincinnati, 

 1896-1900; United States circuit judge, sixth circuit, 

 1892-1900; president of United States Philippine Com- 

 mission, 1904; first civil governor of Philippine Islands, 

 1901 to 1904; secretary of war, United States, since 

 1904. Sent by President Roosevelt to Rome, 1902, 

 to confer with Pope Leo XIII. concerning purchase of 

 agricultural lands of religious orders in the Philippines. 



Taft, Lorado, sculptor; born in Elmwood, 111., April 

 29, 1860; graduate of University of Illinois, 1879; 

 studied at Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, 1880-83. In- 

 structor in Chicago Art Institute since 1886; lecturer on 

 art University Extension Department of University of 

 Chicago, 1892-1902. Author: "The History of Ameri- 

 can Sculpture." 



Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe, born in 1828; French 

 writer; became professor at the School of Fine Arts in 

 Paris, in 1864. He has published a " History of English 

 Literature," "The Origin of Contemporary France," etc. 

 Died, 1893. 



Tait, Peter Guthrie, born in 1831 ; a man of science, 

 educated at Cambridge, became professor of natural phi- 

 losophy at Edinburgh, in 1860. He has published works 

 on "Quaternions," "Heat and Light," a "Treatise on 

 Natural Philosophy," written in conjunction with Sir 

 William Thomson, and other works. Died, 1901. 



Takahira, Kogoro, Japanese diplomat; born in 

 Japan, 1854; educated in Tokio; entered foreign office 

 as student attache^ 1876; appointed attach^, 1879, sec- 

 retary 1881, charge" d'affaires, 1882, legation at Washing- 

 ton; secretary of foreign office, 1883, charg d'affaires 

 in Korea, 1885-87, acting consul-general, 1888-89; 'chief 

 political bureau, foreign office, 1890-91; consul-general 

 at New York, 1892; minister resident to Holland and 

 Denmark, 1893-94; envoy extraordinary and minister 

 plenipotentiary to Italy, 1894-95, to Austria and Switzer- 

 land, 1896-99; vice-minister for foreign affairs, 1889- 

 1900; envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary 

 to United States since August, 1900. 



Tai'fourd, Sir Thomas Noon, born in Reading, in 

 Berkshire, 1795; an English judge, distinguished also as 

 a graceful novelist. He was the author of a tragedy; 

 " Letters of Charles Lamb, with a Sketch of his Life," 

 "Final Memorials of Charles Lamb," and several other 

 works. Died, 1854. 



Talma, Francois Joseph, born in 1763; French 

 actor; made his d<5but at the Cpmexlie Francaise, in 1787. 

 He confined himself to tragedy in his later years. Among 

 his finest impersonations were Mauguy in "Lea Tem- 

 pliers," and Charles IX. Died, 1826. 



Tamerlane, or Timour, surnamed The Great, an 

 Asiatic conqueror, was born of Mongol race, at Kesh in 

 Independent Tartary, 1336. After subjecting to his 

 arms Khorasan, Armenia, and the greater part of Persia, 

 he defeated the Bashkirs, took Bagdad and Damascus, 

 subjugated Georgia, and advanced into Russia as f;ir as 

 Moscow, In 1398, he invaded India, where he defeated 

 the army of the Grand Mogul near Delhi. After gaining 



