BIOGRAPHY 



495 



State control; was central figure in the South Carolina 

 constitutional convention, 1895, which instituted edu- 

 cational qualification for suffrage; one of the leaders 

 UK the insertion of advanced positions in Demo- 

 crat platform of 1896. Prominent in Democrat r Na- 

 tional Conventions of 1900 and 1904, and in latter was 

 active in work of harmonizing contending factions of 

 Democracy. 



Til'ly, Johann Tserklaes, Count of, one of the 

 great generals of the Thirty Years' War; born in Bra- 

 bant in 1 .VVJ; was designed for the priesthood and edu- 

 cated by Jesuits, but abandoned the church for the army. 

 He was trained in the art of war by Parma and Alva, 

 ami proved himself a born soldier. He reorganized the 

 .:\ Army, and, devoted to the Catholic cause, 

 en command of the Catholic Army at the out- 

 break of the Thirty Years' War, during the course of 

 winch he won many notable battles, acting later on in 

 conjunction with Wallenstein, whom, in 1630, he suc- 

 ceeded as commander-in-chief of the imperial forces, 

 and in the following year sacked with merciless cruelty, 

 Magdeburg, a deed which Gustavus Adol- 

 phus was swift to avenge by crushing the Catholic forces 

 in two successive battles at Breitenfeld and at Rain 

 in the latter of which Tilly was mortally wounded (1632). 

 Titian, Tizlano Verelll, born in 1477: Venetian 

 painter; studied under Giovanni Bellini, and was much 

 influenced by his fellow-pupil Giorgione; in 1511, was 

 1 in decorating the ducal palace at Venice; 

 in l.'.U, was invited to the court of Alphonso. Duke of 

 Ferrara, for whom he executed several works; painted 

 the portrait of Charles V. during his visit to Bologna in 

 isited Rome 1545-46. and was afterwards several 

 times summoned to Germany by Charles V. Among his 

 leces is the "Bacchus and Ariadne" in the Na- 

 tional Gallery, London. Died, 1576. 



TOKO, Count Hcihachlro, admiral in command of 



the Japanese fleet the Nelson of Japan. After Nogi's 



guns from the land had completed the destruction of the 



Port Arthur fleet, Togo hid his ships for three months, 



pending the arrival of the Baltic fleet. Numerically 



-ians were his superior, notably in battleships; 



but in speed, manoeuvring, gun-fire, and discipline, the 



advantage was all with the Japanese. The battle of the 



Sea of Japan was fought May 27-28, when of the Baltic 



nty ships were sunk, six captured, two demolished 



and six disarmed and interned. Admirals Rojestvensky 



hogatoff were captured with some 8,000 men, 



while 4,000 Russians were killed. The Japanese losses 



were three torpedo boats sunk, 116 men killed, and 538 



wounded. Made count. 1907. 



ToUftoL !..- \ikol;iievitch, born in 1828; Russian 

 author and social reformer; studied at the University of 

 Kazan; served in the Crimean War; has published 

 nid Peace," "Anna Karenina," "The Kreutzer 

 Sonata." also several essays in moral philosophy, in- 

 cluding "My Religion." 



celll ttf.r-re-cWU), Evangel Ista, a distin- 

 guished Italian philosopher; born in the Romagna in 

 1608; succeeded Galileo as professor of mathematics at 

 > in 1641, and made for himself a title to celebrity 

 ;\entor of the I Died, 1647. 



i ~.iint I.MIII\. rtnrc, Francois Dominique; born 

 . ; son of African slaves, in San Domingo. He 

 1796. appointed by the Directory chief of the army 

 of San Domingo, and afterward* estabh-hcd hi- au- 

 thority throughout the i.-land. winch he ruled with Justice 

 \\ hen Bonaparte sought to restore slavery 

 in Ban Domingo (1801), Toussamt resisted, but was 

 r. and was sent to France, where he 

 i in 1803. 



li. rhert H.erbobm, actor, is the son of a 

 :ned Beerbohm. and was born in Lon- 

 don in 1 *:,;{. Shortly after entering hi* father's office, 

 he became a member of the irrationals amateur 



he profession in IS77. 



hit was a* the timid < unite in "The Private Secretary," 

 and immediately Jlft<%r hc play**' the grim spy Macari 



..: the Comedy Theater 

 luced "The Red Lamp " ; and in the autun 

 same year took the H ay market Theater. I n A j 

 he opened his new theat. mty's." m 



market. Here he has produced the greatest of hi ur- 

 cesses: "Julius Cs?sar. "King John." "A Mid 

 Night's Dream," n> 



U.vc* of Windsor." w 

 ndal in the cast " Ulysses," "The ! 



I II .." "The Darling of the God* 



Twist." "Nero," and "Colonel New- 



revived "Hamlet." "Julius Caesar." "Twelfth Night." 

 "Much Ado About Nothing," "Henry IV." (Part I.), 

 and "The Tempest." In April. 1907, he produced 

 several of Shakespere's plays in Berlin, and was received 

 by the German Emperor. His wife, an admirable Greek 

 scholar formerly connected with Queen's College, is a 

 very refined actress. 



Tripler, Charles E., physicist, inventor; born in 

 New \ork, 1849; educated in New York; made special 

 study of physical sciences and phenomena ; established 

 private physical laboratory; carried on various experi- 

 ments in electricity and mechanics and later in the study 

 of gases; greatest achievement is the manufacture of 

 "liquid air," which he has experimentally applied to the 

 operation of an engine with remarkable result*, this 

 product being obtained by compression of atmospheric 

 air at a temperature of over 300 degrees below zero. 



Trpl'lope, Anthony, born in A. D. 1815. a popular 

 English novelist, the author of a large number of works, 

 all of which exhibited ingenuity, if not genius. He was 

 the second son of Mrs. Frances Trollope. herself a novelist 

 of some eminence; and received his education first at 

 Winchester School, and subsequently at Harrow. For 

 many years he held a position in the post-office. Besides 

 his novels, he was the author of a " Life of Cicero," and 

 of several other works. Died, December 6. 1882. 



Troubetzkoy, Amelle, Princess (Amelie Rives), 

 novelist; born in Richmond, Va., August 23, 1863; 

 daughter of Alfred Landon Rives, engineer; educated by 

 private tutors; married in 1888, John Armstrong Chanler 

 of New York, from whom she was divorced; married 2d. 

 the Prince Troubetzkoy (Russian). Author: "The 

 Quick and Ihe Dead." "A Brother to Dragons," "Vir- 

 ginia of Virginia," "Herod and Mariamne." "Witness of 

 the Sun," "According to St. John," "Barbara Dering." 

 "Athelwold." "Tanis," "Sele'ne'." magazine articles, etc. 



Trumbull, John, a distinguished American painter, 

 was born in Connecticut, 1756. After passing some 

 tune in the army, during which he acted as aide-de-camp 

 to Washington, 1775, he became a pupil of Benjamin 

 West, in London. His principal works are to be found in 

 the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington, numbering 

 among them "The Surrender of Cornwallis." "The Decla- 

 ration of Independence," and "The Surrender of Bur- 

 goyne." Died, 1X43. 



Turonne, Henri de la Tour d'AuvenOM*. Ylromte 

 de, born in 1611; French general, son of the Due de 

 Bouillon, and grandson of William 1., Prince of Orange; 

 entered the French army in 1630; became mareYhal fie 

 camp in 1634; in 1643 was placed in command of the 

 forces in Germany, where he remained till the close of 

 the Thirty Years' War. distinguishing himself by hi* 

 retreat from Marienthal and his victory at Nordlingen; 

 opposed Condc with success in the war of the Fronde; 

 was made marshal-general in 1660; became a Roman 

 Catholic in 1668; greatly distinguished himself in the 

 war with Holland, in the course of which he was killed 

 by a cannon shot (1675). 



Tu wot, Anne Kohert Jacques, born in Paris. May 

 Hi. 17J7; a distinguished French statesman and econo- 

 mist, from 1771 to 177f>. comptroller-general of France 



In 1905, he inaugurated a Shakespere Festiv 

 which is now one of the annual 



theater. During the Shakc-perc . c 



under Louis \\ I. My his enlightened measures IIP did 

 much during his brief period of office to ameliorate the 

 condition of the people and to reform the revenue; but 

 he was driven from power by a combination of the privi- 

 leged classes, to whom his schemes were odious. The 

 last years of his life were devoted chiefly to literary 

 i ; I! -' Life" was written by Condorcet 



March LMI. i 



Tunfeni.tr. l\;m >crgycvltrli. born in IMS; Rus- 

 sian novelist, studied at the University of Berlin; after 

 the Franco-German War removed to Paris, where he 

 mainly resided till his death. Among his novels are 

 "A Ne-t of Nobles." "Fathers and Sons." and "Virgin 



Soil" Died 



Turner. Joseph Mallnnl \Mlll.uu. 



son of a hairdreftMT m Covent 

 studied at the schools of the Royal \ 



in 1799. and R. A. in 1802. and soot 

 a painter both in water-colors and in oiN In 

 1807. he began the " Liber Btudiomm/* a wrruw 



d by himself. For " EnfWod 



and Wales." the "Southern Coast." and other series of 



engrnvmgs, ha prepami drawings, which are now highly 



Mg the finest of Tin oil-paintings in the 



National Gallery. London, are " Dido Building cSrUiage." 



and " I 

 Tuppcr. 



Aiuhi-i It, ' 



hisn 

 provincial 



in a Mist." Died. 1851. 

 rtesva Canadian staUatnan; i 



Shakespere Festival, his nat , . 



arrangements of ti Kinlsture and wa prune mimter . 



lebraUons in 1906, he Scotia in 1804-1867. He warmly advocated the 



was mad* a member of th 



i-trr 



forma- 



