BIOGRAPHY 



497 



Jerusalem. His great work was "De Corporis Humani ' monarch to France, in which country he died in 1519. 

 Fabnca." 1 Leonardo surpassed all his predecessors as a master of 



Vespasian, Titus Flavlus Sablnus (vt-pa' zhf-tin) , chiaroscuro, and was the author of "Trattato della 

 was Emperor of Rome from 70 to 90 A. D. He distin- Pittura," an excellent treatise on painting, which has 



1 himself in many military commands before he been translated into English. 



became emperor, and was engaged in the war with the V ire how, Rudolf, born in 1821: German pathol- 



iien he was raised to the throne. His govern- ogist; after being involved in trouble on account of 



ment was highly beneficial to the state. his share in the movement of 1S48, obtained chairs of 



\. -pucci (ve-poot'chee), Amerigo (ah-mn-ree'go), pathological anatomy at Wiirzburg and Berlin (1856). 

 navigator; born in Horence, Italy, in 1451; made two having recently published his "Cellular Pathology." 

 voyages to America in 1497 and in 1501. He wrote a ; Three years later he returned to politics, and ul- 

 description of his exploration of South America and it became leader of the Liberal opposition in the Prussian 

 was suggested that since he had first made the new ' 



Died, 



continent known it should be named America. 



r Emmanuel II., first King of Italy, born in 

 1820; became King of Sardinia on the abdication of __ ... ________ ___ ____ 



his father in 1849, and immediately began to reorganize born near Mantua in 70 B. C. Found patrons in 



-..n-dom and to enforce toleration. He sent a nas and Augustus, who restored to him his estate. 



Assembly, and was challenged to a duel in 1865, by 

 Bismarck. In 1878, he retired from public life. He 



public life. He 



much consulted during the illness of the Emperor 

 Frederick. Died, 1902. 



\ iriril, ^Publlus Vlnclllus T Maro, Roman % poet; 



He 



. 



,.:rnt during the war with Russia to help the allies died in Brundusium, on his return from : reece. 



in the Crimea, and, in 1859, he secured the alliance of His chief works were "The Eclogues" or "Bucolics," 



France in his struggle with Austria. The price agreed "The Georgics," and the "^Eneid. the latter of which 



1 ;is the cession of Savoy and Nice, but the result has been translated by, among others, Dryden, Coning- 



was the union of Italy under the ruler of Sardinia, ton, and William Morris. Died, 19 B. C. 



he help of Prussia the liberation of Venice was Volta, Alessandro, born in 1745; natural philoso- 



1 in 1866, and Rome was evacuated by the French , pher; was for thirty years professor at Pa via. and be- 

 m lx7n. Victor Emmanuel was called by his people came F. R. S. Besides making other discoveries, he 

 < ialantuomo." Died, 1878. invented the voltaic pile or electrical column. Died, 



Victoria Alexandria, Queen of Great Britain and 1826. 



Empress of India; born in 1819; daughter of Edward, > Voltaire, whose original name was Francois Marie 

 Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III.; was crowned i Arouet; was born in Paris in 1694; educated by the 



on June 28 1S37 She married *** iv.</i T>_; nA *t AIK A *.+ TAa,,i+a an^i KA^a***** WM^.XM< n t v:~.~ n *i_. i*c*~.i i_ 



of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, w 



had nine children. The r , ,___ 



been the establishment of the penny post, the repeal duced in 1718. After another imprisonment, he went 

 of the corn laws, the annexation of the Punjaub. the to England, where, in 1728, the "Henriade" was pub- 



son of ueorge 111.; was crowned , Arouet; was born in rans in 1694; educated by the 

 ic married, in 1840, Prince Albert I Jesuits, and became a proteg^ of Ninon de 1'Enclos. In 

 , who died in 1861, by whom she i 1716-17, he was imprisoned in the Bastille on suspicion 

 he chief events of the reign have of writing a libel on the king, and " .tdipe " was pro- 



great exhibition, the Crimean War, the Indian mutiny, 

 followed by the assumption of sovereignty over India, 



lished. He escaped prosecution by disavowing his 

 writings, and. in 1736. began to correspond with Frederick 



the second and third reform bills, wars in Afghanistan, the Great. After the rise of the Pompadour he secured 

 China. South Africa, and Egypt, and the Fenian and a reception at court and at the Acadcmie. In 1750. he 

 home rule agitations in Ireland. The jubilee of the went to the court of Berlin, where he stayed three years, 

 queen's accession was celebrated in 1887, and her dia- ; the result being a historical quarrel. Soon after this 

 in.. ml jubilee in 1897. Five attempts were made on he settled at Ferney, where the rest of his life was spent, 

 her life, in 1840, 1842 (three), and 1882. She died at but before his death he visited Paris, and was received 



Osborne House, Isle of Wight, in 1901. 



\ in rent de Paul, St., a French philanthropist and 

 ecclesiastic reformer; was born in Landes. in 1576. 

 Captured by Tunisian pirates in 1605, he remained for 

 two years in slavery. After his escape he repaired to 

 Paris, where he became curate of Clichy, and preceptor 

 to the celebrated Cardinal de Retz, and engaged himself 

 in various works of benevolence and Church improve- 



as a popular hero. He wrote numerous plays and ro- 

 mances (Candide, Zadig), etc., " Histoirede Charles XII 

 "Siecle de Louis XIV., ' and other historical works, and 

 " Essai sur les Moeure et 1'Esprit des Nations." Died. 

 1778. 



Vplterra. Danlelc de, born in 1509; Italian artist, 

 pupil of Michel Angelo. His masterpiece. "The Descent 

 from the Cross," was torn by the French, who attempted 



He established a foundling hospital at Paris in to take it from Trinita de Monti at Rome. Died. 1566. 

 1638; organized the congregation of the Missions, and > Wagner, Richard, a popular German composer; 

 instituted the order of Sisters of Charity. Died in i born in Leipzig in 1813; became chapel master at Dres- 

 1660, and was canonized by Pope Clement All. in 1737. j den in 1843, and later took up his resilience at Munich. 

 \ m< rnt, John Ileyl, bishop of Methodist Episcopal upon the invitation of his admirer and patron, the King 



Ripn/i." "Tann- 

 com- 



written his 

 mu-ic and 



dramatic art involved him in much critical controversy. 

 Died. 1883. 



Wallace, Alfred Russel. F. R. S., born in Ivj-j; 

 scientific writer; visited South America and the Malay 

 An -hipelago. publishing the rpMiltx of hi* observations 

 on his return, among his other \\ori ntnhu- 



tions to the Theory; of Natural .- 



and Modern Spiritualism." "Ijind Nationad/ation." 

 and "Darwinism." The of the evolution 



Church and chancellor of Chautauqua system; born in 'of Bavaria. His well-known o|>eras "Hien/. 

 Tuscaloosa, Ala., in 1832; educated in Lewisburg and , hauser," and "Lohengrin," have elicited great, but 

 ii. Pa.; began to preach at 18; studied in Wes- paratiyely undeserved, praise. Wagner has writt 

 levan Institute, Newark, N. J. (S. T. D., Ohio Wesleyan; own librettos, and his aesthetic theories on mu-i 



Washington and Jefferson; S. T. D.. Harvard); 



New Jersey Conference, 1853; ordained deacon, 

 1855; elder, 1857; transferred to Rock River Confer- 

 ence; pastor at Galena, Chicago, etc., 1857-65* estab- 

 lished "Northwest Sunday School Quarterly," 1865; 

 "Sunday School Teacher, 1866; corresponding secre- 

 tary of Sunday School Union and editor of Sunday 



publications. 1868-84; one of founders. 1874. of 

 Chautauqua Assembly; founder, 1878, of Chautauqua 

 Literary and Scientific Circle, and its chancellor ever 

 since. Preacher to Harvard, Yale, Cornell. Welle-lev. 



ier colleges; in 1900, made resident bishop in 

 charge of European work of Methodist Episcopal Church ; 



from active episcopate in 1904. Author: "The 



Sunday School. 1 ' -- :- v i :r_ 



it. I'M). I 



M: 



in Youn ' 

 1 he Church School 

 iilv Footsteps of 

 itauqua 



Id B.-thlchem." "Mur Mwn Chur.-l,. ' 



"Mutlme History of England." "Outline History of 

 Cborefa at Home." "Family Worship 

 1 | iv in the Year." 



\in.i. Leonardo da '.*). one of the m 



was born in Vinci, near Flor- 



1 I''-' 



Mr HM1 



became a sort of univrnutl 



hypothesis was arrived at by him at the 



Darwin. 



\\.ill.uc. I*wls, 

 diplomatist, lawyer, 



time M by 



s, born in 1827: American general. 

 wyer, and author Ho nerved an hnt 



licutenant in the M. cnimued m the ; 



of law in Indiana from 1S48; became M brigadirr-irenrral 



in 1861; served t! . : 



1SS.-,. he was I - . - .-.-. m 



1905. 



Wallace, Bli NN Illlam, 



hero; headed the riuiK of 1207 against the g "gMth. 

 and won a victory nt (fembu- Kenneth, after which he 



ciMMd th.- border, MM! vai 



cm his return. 



IM.U.-V.T. M u 



ilnn. I 

 defeated 



exhibiting a talent for anatomy, asti 

 mathcma-. and engineering. 



1485. entered the MTVI. of I .ud\i.o Sforsa, Duke of 

 who IM.-I !.- him dm-rtor of an academy of arts 

 .-.,.., In 1 l->-i. he painted at Milan his master- 1 



piece, the picture of -Th- I.-,- >n 151. WaHen.teln. \ Oral fM WaldttHn, 



e of Francis 1., accompanying that born in 1583; Duke of rnedland. Im|>enalil 



on his i r. bowever. be wan defeated 



by Edward I. at Falkirk 



nobles, he carried on a guerilla warfare for seven yean. 



MIR Lmprieooed m France, whose aid 

 nought, he a- declared an outlaw in I3O4. nn 



\ er was sent to Ix>ndon and h.imzed 



