BIOGRAPHY 



499 



ticed in Thomson, Ga.; member Georgia Legislature. 

 1882-83; Democratic elector-at-large. 1888; member 

 Congress. 1891-93. as Populist; was candidate and 

 claims election (on honest count), at elections in 1892 

 and 1894, but his opponent was given the certificate; 

 resumed practice of law, 1895. While in Congress se- 

 cured first appropriation for free delivery of mails in 

 rural districts that Congress ever passed. Nominated 

 for vice-president of United States at St. Louis Populist 

 Convention which endorsed Bryan for president. lvt'>; 

 for some time conducted Populist paper at Atlanta. 

 Nominated for president by People's party, 1904, and 

 i live campaign to revive the party; began pub- 

 lication of "Tom Watson's Magazine." in New \ork, 

 Author: "The Story of France." " Life of Thomas 

 :i." "Life of Napoleon," "Life and Times of 

 Thomas Jefferson," "Bethany, a Study and Story of the 

 ith." 



\\ att, James, an eminent British engineer and me- 

 chanical inventor; was born at Greenock in 1736. He 

 early developed extraordinary talents in practical me- 

 and. in 1765, perfected his grand discovery of 

 idensation of steam by means of an air-tight 

 rylimler, and likewise invented an apparatus to depress 

 on of an engine by steam instead of atmospheric 

 pressure. For some years he occupied himself in the 

 surveying and engineering of various public works in 

 Scotland, and in 1774, entered into partnership with 

 the Messrs. Boulton of Soho, Birmingham, for the manu- 

 facture of steam engines, perfecting numerous and great 

 improvements in their mechanism among others the 

 regulator by centrifugal force, the throttle valve, the 

 machinery of parallel motion, and the steam barometer. 

 In 1782, he invented the double-acting engine, and re- 

 tired from business in 1800. Died. 1819. 



\\ itterson, Henry, American journalist; born in 

 Washington, D. C.. February 16, 1840. His first work 

 as journalist was with the "Democratic Review," and 

 ates." in Washington, D. C. He edited the " Re- 

 publican Banner," Nashville, Tenn., before and after 

 the Civil War, in the interim serving with distinction 

 in the Confederate Army. He edited, in Louisville, Ky.. 

 'iiisville Journal" (1867-1868); and the Louis- 

 ville "Courier-Journal" since 1868. He published 

 "History of the Spanish-American War," "Abraham 

 Lincoln." etc., and continues to be one of America's most 

 brilliant journalists. 



\\.ittx. (.eorue Frederick, R. A., born in 1820; 

 painter, gained a reputation by his "Caractacus Led in 

 Triumph through the Streets of Rome." Among his 

 chief works are "Fata Morgana," "Love and Death," 

 "Time. Death, and Judgment." and portraits of 

 Joarhirn. Manning. William Morris, etc. Died. 1904. 



NN .its, Isaac, an English dissenting minister and 

 poet, the "very father of English hymnology," was born 

 in 1674. and died. 1748. 



\\.i.\ne, Anthony, an American general of the 

 Revolutionary epoch; was born in Chester County, Pa., 

 He entered the army as a colonel, in 1775, 

 and after serving with distinction in the Canadian cam- 

 paign, commanded a division at the battle of Brandy- 

 '1 the right wing at German town, 1777. After 

 distinguishing him>elf at Monmouth in the following 

 captured by assault the fortified works at 

 Stony Point on the Hudson, in 1779. and received the 

 thanks of Congress therefor. After participating in the 

 capture of Cornwallis' army at Yorktown. 1780, he put 

 down the Indians in Georgia, and in 1794. gained a 

 signal victory over the Miami Indians in Ohio. Died. 



u . i.-t. T. Daniel, an illustrious American statesman. 



jurist, and orator, was born in Salisbury, N. II.. m ITS'J. 



of respectable but comparatively humble parentage. 



After receiving his rudimentary education at Exeter 



and Boscawen academies, he entered Dartmouth Col 



lege. in 1797, as a freshman, and after graduating in 



re,: upon the Mtudy of the law at Salisbury and 



Boston, in whirl) latter city he was called to the bar in 



In |S(i7. ho went into practice at Portsmouth. 



and. after earning a high legal reputation, was elected by 



the I edenil partv 10 the lower ho.i f OpOCNBl ", IM:<. 



where he opposed the war with England, and at once 

 rose into pro: 



IS I.',, he .shared m th.- dlMUBlBOa -f the I'mL-d SI.-H.-H 

 Hank Charter and BDMil pi-.itieni nMSAlp 



while he had nsen to ,! hu-h.-st rank m Ins 



as a constitutional lawyer, and as a consummate leader 

 in criminal causes. In 1820. he served as a member of 

 the Convention met to revise the Cons tit 

 Massachusetts and m 1 R22. was reflected to Congress, 

 where, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, he 

 uwistance in the entire revision of 



the Tinted States , rmunal .-ode. In isjs. he l,e, ame 



senator, and in 1830, in opposing the Nullification 

 doctrine advanced by South Carolina statesmen, delivered 

 perhaps the most splendid outburst of patriotic oratory 

 ever heard within the Congress of the American 

 Union. In 1834, Webster became a prominent leader 

 of the Whig party, and. in 1841. was appointed secretary 

 of state under President Harrison, retaining the office 

 during Tyler's chief magistracy, and again under Fill- 

 more, in 1850. The most remarkable event of his official 

 term was the so-called Ashburton Treaty with England, 

 in the settlement of the northeastern boundary ques- 

 tion. Reflected to the senate in 1844. he opposed alike 

 the admission of Texas into the Union and the prosecution 

 of the war with Mexico, and supported Henry Clay's 

 "Compromise Measures" of 1850, in relation to the 

 extension of slavery to new territories. In 1850, he was 

 unsuccessfully nominated for the presidency by the 

 National Whig Convention of 1852. Died, October 24. 

 in the latter year. 



>Veb'ster, Noah, author and philologist; born in 

 Hartford. Conn., in 1758. and educated at Yale College. 

 He was admitted to the bar in 1781. but engaged in 

 scholastic and literary occupations. Employed in 

 teaching a school at Goshen, N. Y., he prepared his 

 "Grammatical Institutes of the English Language." 

 published in three parts, and edited "Governor \N m- 

 throp's Journal." In 1785, he wrote "Sketches of 

 American Policy," advocating the formation of a new 

 constitution, and gave public lectures on the English 

 language, which were published 1789. In 1807. he 

 published "A Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the 

 English Language," and commenced his American "Dic- 

 tionary of the English Language," but finding difficulties 

 in etymology, he devoted ten years to its study. 'and pre- 

 pared a "Synopsis of Words in Twenty Languages." 

 then began his dictionary anew. and. in seven years, 

 completed it. His "Elementary Spelling-Book, " found- 

 ed on his "Institutes," up to 1862, had been sold to 

 the extent of 41,000,000 copies. A new and thoroughly 

 revised and enlarged edition of his dictionary was fin- 

 ished in 1890. and it is now one of the most complete- 

 dictionaries of the English language published. Mr. 

 Webster also published a popular "History of the United 

 States," and a "Manual of Useful Studies." He was a 

 judge and a member of the State Legislature, and one of 

 the founders of Amherst College. Died in New Haven 

 in 1843. 



Welch, William Henry, professor of pathology at 

 Johns Hopkins; born in Norfolk, Conn.. April 8. 1850; 

 graduate of Yale. A. B., 187<>; M. !.. Collide ,,f Physi- 

 cians and Surgeons. New York, 1875 CLL. D., Western 

 Reserve. 1894; Yale. 1896; Harvard. 1900; Toronto. 

 1903; Columbia, 1904). Author: "tJeneral Pathology 

 of Fever"; also numerous papers on pathological, and 

 bacteriologicaPsubjecta. 



Wellington, Arthur Wellesley [Wesley]. Duke of. 

 was born 1769, was educated at Eton and the Military 

 Academy of Angers, and entered the army in 1787. As 

 lieutenant-colonel he served in Holland (1794), and in 

 1797 was sent to India. In 1799. under General Harris, 

 he stormed Seringapatam. defeated the Mahrattas at 

 Assaye in 1803, and returned home two years later. 

 After serving at Copenhagen (1806). and sitting in par- 

 liament for two years (being Irish secretary m 1807). 

 he was sent to Portugal in 1808. Having won the \ 

 ! ries of Kolcia and Vimiera, he was superseded, but in 

 1809 was again in the lYnmsula. He was made a peer 

 for the victory of Talavera, and won the battle of Busaco 

 in 1810, after which he MMsltnMtfd the lines of Torres 

 Vedras. This was followed by Furntes d* Ofioro (1811). 

 the capture of Ciudad Kodrigo and Badajos (1812). and 

 the victory of Salamanca in the same year. He was now 

 created marquis, and after the battle of Vittoria drove 

 the French across the Pyrenees. After being made field- 

 marshal and duke, he attended the Congress of Vienna. 

 whieh he left to meet Napoleon nt Waterloo. I 

 he became commandcr-m-rhief. and m isjs \vn* for the 

 first time premier. After \i.ld;:, ^holic ques- 



tion, he resigned in 1830 on that of Reform, i 

 great unpopularity. In 1834. he again held -' 

 resigned next year, and m I Ml joined the ca 



It. IVel. He attended the HO, f lords *0 



and received a state funeral at St. Paul's Ca 



' 1S.YJ. 



He wii- the elde-t m tMtM IV.. VM OTOWDe. I K > 



of Bohemia in his third year, and in 1378 succeeded his 

 fatl,er a> SjnpertT. He nnnulled all MOfeOM SB Jtwl CM 

 the payment to himcclf of hftorn to thirty per oen< 



The mob of Prague having ulaughtrrvd 3,000 

 Jews, he appropriated their property. In 

 imprisoned at Prague by a conspiracy among the noble*. 



