510 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



the Syrian governor, and the center of a widely- tus Mart-ins Ilex. 1 l.~> 1. ('.. had its source be- 



extended commerce. It now exhibits Marcely t ween Tivoli and Subiaco, and was consequently 



any traces of its former grandeur, except the about sixty miles long. The noble arches which 



ruins of the walls built by Justinian, and of a stretch across the Campagna for some six miles 



- erected by the Crusaders. The modem on the road to Frascati, are the portion of this 



name is A ntakieh. Population, about 6,000. 



Antwerp (Dutch anil German Antiverpen, 

 French Anversj, the chief port of Belgium, and 



aqueduct which was above ground. 



L Aqua Tepula (126 B. C.) had its source near 

 Tusculnin, and its channel w r as carried over the 



the capital of a province of the same name, on arches of the last-mentioned aqueduct. 

 the Scheldt, about fifty miles from the open sea. 5. Aqua Julia, constructed by Agrippa, and 

 It is strongly fortified, being completely sur- named after Augustus, 34 B. C. Like the Tepu- 

 rounded on the land side by a semicircular inner Ian, it was carried along the Marcian arches, and 



line of fortifications, the defenses being com- 

 pleted by an outer line of forts and outworks. 

 The cathedra^ with a spire 400 feet high, one of 

 the largest and most beautiful specimens of 

 Gothic architecture in Belgium, contains Ru- 

 bens's celebrated masterpieces, the Descent from 

 the Cross, the Elevation of the Cross, and The 

 A umption. The other churches of note are 

 St. James's, St. Andrew's, and St. Paul's, all 

 enriched with paintings by Rubens, Vandyck, 

 and other masters. Among the other edifices of 

 note are the exchange, the town-hall, the palace, 

 theater, academy of the fine arts, picture and 

 sculpture galleries, etc. The harbor accom- 

 modation is extensive and excellent, new docks 

 and quays having been built in the past few 

 years. The shipping trade has greatly advanced 

 in recent times, and is now very large, the goods 

 being largely in transit. There are numerous 

 and varied industries. Antwerp is mentioned as 



its source was also near Tusculum. Remains of 

 the three last-mentioned aqueducts still exist. 



6. Aqua Virgo, also constructed by Agrippa, 

 and said to have been named in consequence of 

 the spring which supplied it having been pointed 

 out by a girl to some of Agrippa'a soldiers when 

 in search of water. The Aqua Vergine, as it is 

 now called, is still entire, having been restored 

 by the popes Nicholas V. and Pius IV.. l.'.C.s. 

 The source of the Aqua Virgo is near the Anio, in 

 the neighborhood of Torre Salona, on the Via 

 Collating, and about fourteen miles from Rome. 

 The original object of this aqueduct was to sup- 

 ply the baths of Agrippa; its water now flows 

 in the Fontana Trevi, that of the Piazza Navona, 

 "the Piazza Farnese, and the Barcaccia of the 

 Piazza di Spagna. The water of the Aqua Virgo 

 is the best in Rome. 



7. Aqua Alsietina, constructed by Augustus, 

 and afterwards restored by Trajan, and latterly 



early as the Eighth Century, and in the Eleventh by the popes. This aqueduct, now called the 

 and Twelfth it had attained a high degree of | Aqua Paolo, is situated on the right bank of the 

 prosperity. In the Sixteenth Century it is said Tiber, and supplies the fountains in front of St. 



Peter's and the Fontana Paola on the Montorio. 



Its original object was to supply the Naumachia 



to have had a population of 200,000. The wars 

 between the Netherlands and Spain greatly 



injured its commerce, which was almost ruined 

 by the closing of the navigation of the Scheldt in 

 accordance with the peace of Westphalia (1648). 



of Augustus which was a sheet of water for the 

 representation of sea fights. 



8. Aqua Claudia, commenced by Caligula and 



It was only in the Nineteenth Century that its completed by Claudius, 51 A. D. A line of mag- 

 prosperity had revived, and it is now one of the nificent arches which formerly belonged to this 

 important active seaports of Western Europe, aqueduct still stretches across the Campagna, 

 Population, 304,951. and forms one of the grandest of Roman ruins. 



Aqueduct (Lat. aqua, water, duco, to lead), ! It was Used as a quarry by Sextus V. for the 

 an artificial channel or conduit for the con- construction of the Aqua Felici, which now sup- 

 veyance of water from one place to another : ! plies the Fountain of Termini, and various others 



more particularly applied to structures for con- 

 veying water from distant sources for the supply 

 of large cities. Aqueducts were extensively 

 used by the Romans, and many of them still 

 remain in different places on the Continent of 

 Europe. 



The following are the names of the Roman 

 aqueducts, chronologically arranged: 



1 . The Aqua A ppia, begun by and named after 



in different parts of the city. 



9. Anio Novus, which was the most copious 

 of all the Roman fountains, though inferior to 

 the Marcia in the solidity of its structure ; it was 

 also the longest of the aqueducts, pursuing a 

 course of no less than sixty- two miles. By the 

 two last-mentioned aqueducts the former supply 

 of water was doubled. In addition to the aque- 

 ducts already mentioned, there was the Aqua 



the censor Appius Claudius about 313 B. C. It Trajana, which may, however, be regarded as a 

 ran a course of between six and seven miles, its branch of the Anio Novus and several others of 

 source being in the neighborhood of Palestrina. ; later construction, such as the Antoniana, Alex- 



With the exception of a small portion near the 

 Porta Capena, it was subterranean. No remains 

 of it exist. 



2. Anio Vetus, constructed about 273 B. C. 

 by M. Curius Dentatus. It also was chiefly 



andrina, and Jovia, none of which were to be 

 compared with the older ones in extent and 

 magnificence. 



Other great aqueducts were built in other 

 parts of the Roman Empire. One of the most 



underground. Remains may be traced both at | perfect was that of Nimes, including the bridge 

 Tivoli and near the Porta Maggiore. From the j spanning the valley of the river Gard, and now 

 point at which it quitted the river Anio, about : known as the Pont du Gard. In the reign of 

 twenty miles above Tivoli, to Rome, is about Louis XIV. a magnificent aqueduct was con- 

 forty-three miles. structed for supplying Versailles. The bridge of. 

 3. Aqua Marcia, named after the praetor Quin- Maintenon over which it is carried is seven-eighths 



