GEOGRAPHY. TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 



517 



per, tin, lead, zinc, antimony; mercury, plum- manic stock belong the inhabitants of South 



Dago, etc., in abundance, besides coal (now Tyrol and parts of the coast lands and Dalmatia, 



worked to a considerable extent in New South numbering about 700,000 in all. A considerable 



Wales) and iron. Various precious stones are portion of the southeast of the empire is occupied 



found, as the garnet, ruby, topaz, sapphire, and by members of the Roumanian (or Eastern 



the diamond. Of building stone there are! Romanic) stock, who number altogether about 



ite. limestone, marble, and sandstone. The 2,800,000, and form more than half the popu- 



ralian flora presents peculiarities which lation of Transylvania, besides being spread 



mark it off by itself in a very decided manner, over the southeast parts of Hungary, Bukowina. 



Many of its most striking features have an and part of Croatia and Slavonia. The nuin- 



unmistakable relation to the general dryness of ber of Jews is also very considerable .(above 



the climate. The trees and bushes have, for 1,000,000), especially in Galicia, Hungary, 



part, a scanty foliage, presenting little Bohemia, and Moravia. There are also several 



ice for evaporation, or thick leathery leaves other races whose numbers are small, such as 



well fitted to retain moisture. The Australian , the Gypsies (95,000), who are most numerous in 



fauna is almost unique in its character. Its Hungary and Transylvania, and the Albanians 



feature is the nearly total absence of all in Dalmatia and neighboring regions. The 

 the forms of mammalia which abound in the population is thickest in Lower Austria. Bohe- 



of the world. mia, Silesia, and Moravia; thinnest in Salzburg. 



Austria, or Austria-Hungary, is Generally speaking, it decreases in density from 



an extensive monarchy in Central Europe, west to east. The principal cities are: Vienna, 



inhabited by several distinct nationalties, and the capital; Budapest, Prague, Trieste, Reich- 



in<r of two semi-independent countries, enburg, and Fiume. 



with its own parliament and government, Baltic Sea is the great gulf or shut sea 



but with one common sovereign, army, and bordered by Denmark, Germany, Russia, and 



in of diplomacy, and also with a *parlia- Sweden, communicating with the Kattegat and 



ment common to both. Its greatest length North Sea by the Sound and Great and Little 



from east to west is about 860 miles; its greatest Belts. Its length is from 850 to 900 miles, west 



1th from north to south, with the exclusion from 100 to 200, and area, including Gulfs of 



of Dalmatia and part of Croatia, is about 400 Bothnia and Finland, 160,000 square miles. Its 



miles; bounded south by Turkey, the Adriatic depth is, on an average, fifteen to twenty fath- 



and the kingdom of 'Italy; west by Switzer- oms, in many places not half so much, seldom 



land. Bavaria, and Saxony; north by Prussia more than forty or fifty, and never exceeding 



and Russian Poland; and east by Russia and I 167. 



:iania. On the shores of the Adriatic, along Baltimore, one of the largest and nu^t 



tlit cna-ts of Dalmatia, Croatia, Istria, etc., lies flourishing cities of the United States, on the 



nly sea frontage. Patapsco Bay, in Maryland thirty-seven miles 



'iie of the European states, with the excep- northeast of Washington, and 100 miles south- 



tion of Russia, exhibits such a diversity of race west of Philadelphia. It was founded in 17 



and language among their population as does and has been named the "monumental city." 



ian Empire. The Slavs, who amount from the fine public monuments which adorn it. 



to above 19,000,000 or 45 per cent, of the Among its many public buildings is the Peabody 



population, are the chief of the component Institute, endowed by the late George Peabody, 



nationalities of the monarchy in point of num- containing a library, art-gallery, etc.. with a 



bers, forming the great mass of the population dome 115 feet high. It has also a city hall. built 



>hemia, Moravia, Carniola, Galicia. Dalma of white Maryland marble, with a dom> 



in- kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia, and hiirh. The manufactures and commerce of Bal- 

 iern Hunirary. and half the population of timore are very various. In its vicinit 



Silesia and Bukowina. This preponderance, found the finest brick-clay in the world', of 



however. i> only apparent, as none of the other which more than 100,000,000 bricks are made 



races are split up into so many branches. differ- annually. It has some of il 



ing so greatly from each other in language, relig- in the l"nit< <: <Kter-. taken in the 



rivili/.ation. manners, and eui,,m. These Chesapeake Hay. are largely exported. The city 



are the North Slavic Czech M -o one of the larire-t 'Hour market s in the 



1 Slovaks, the Huthenians and Pole-*. United States, a nd tok i, meipalexj 



-<>uth Slavic Slovenian^ Croats, Serb-. The harbor is very ex 



liulirarian>. The <, .limit lU..">7i>. \\e-t the city is nearly live mile- lonir. and four 



000 in irimber. are scattered over the whole miles broad from north to south. 1 1 won visited 



I form almost the Mile population by a destructive (in- in I'.mi. entailing a loos of 



of the archduchy of Austria. Sal/burg, the 190.000,000. Population, 646,217. 



greatest portion of Slyria and Carinthia. almo-t Bangkok, the capital cily ot Siam. situated 

 and \ 'orarlhetL- the Menam. about twenty 

 iiemia and Moravia, the \\lmle ot miles from its mouth. The population i" :lOUt 

 the weM 000,000, nearly half of \\hmii are < hmese, the 

 numerou- in Hungary and I is including Hurme-e. Annatnese, Cam- 

 Magyars or II tana, Mala iropeans. 

 ...ut hi per cent. ,,: the total popul.r '" ' rode of Siam centers in Bangkok, 

 form the LM-rat bulk of the inhabitants of the and- n the hands of the Europeans and 



i of Chines,.. The approach to Mai the 



Transylvania. To the Italic <>r .in. u hie h can be navigated by ships of 350 



