GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 519 



in England, while the means which have been | of Charles Sumner, one representing " Venus 



adopted for the prevention of smoke-contnmi- Rising from the Sea," and a monument coin- 



nation of the atmosphere are so far effectual memorating the discovery of ether as an anaes- 



that the air is unusually clear and salubrious, t la-tic. The State House stands on Beacon 



The older part of Birmingham is crowded with Hill, and is a structure 490 feet long and 1211 



workshops and warehouses; but the modern is feet wide, with a colonnade in front and an 



well built ami possesses some architectural imposing gilded dome. Statues of Daniel Web- 



beauty. Its commercial importance dates from ster and Horace Mann ornament the terrace in 



the- Sevt -meenth Century, when the restoration front of the building, and within it are statues 



of Charles II. brought from France a rage for and busts of a number of the eminent men of 



metal ornaments, which Birmingham supplied. Boston and Massachusetts, a collection of battle 



Population. :. JS.HL'L'. IkiRs, and a variety of interesting historical arti- 



Bombay City occupies the entire breadth cles. The new building of the ^Public Library, 



of the southern end of the island of Bombay, which was occupied in 1895, is, next to the 



1 'ordering at once on the harbor inside and on Library of Congress, the largest one in the 



Hack Hay outride. Parsees or Persians, de- country. The Old State-house, erected in 1748, 



lants of fire- worshipers, driven from their at the head of State Street, contains an histori- 



homes by Mohammedan bigotry, rank next to cal museum in its upper floors, and business 



the English in respectability and influence, establishments in its lower. The City Hall, 



Beside- 'lie dock-yard, which covers about 200 one of the most striking buildings of the city. 



at the southeast of the European town, on School Street, is built of white Concord 



the objects most worthy of note are the town- granite in the Italian Renaissance style, and is 



hall, the librarv of the Asiatic Society, the mint, -unnounted by a dome over 100 feet high. 



cathedral, and custom-house ; the post-office What is considered the most interesting build- 



and public works office; the missionary houses, ing, historically, in the United States, next to 



tin- Elphin-tone Institution, the Giant Medical Independence Hall in Philadelphia, is Faneuil 



('liege, the university, and Sassoon's High Hall, known as "The Cradle of Liberty," ere 



<>1; the Jamsetjee Hospital, and the Jam- in 1742, destroyed by fire in 1761," rebuilt in 



setjee Obstetric Hospital. 17t>8, and remodeled to its present size in IM'">. 



Boston, capital of the State of Massachu- The basement of the building is now used as a 



: the commercial metropolis of New Eng- market, and the second floor for large public 



land; and the fifth city in population in the gathering-;. Occupying the site of the Old Re- 



l iiitcd States according to the federal census doubt on Breed's Hill, in the Charlestown dis- 



of 1900, is built at the west end of Massachu- trict, is the famous Bunker ^iill monument. 



and comprises Boston proper. East In the Charlestown district also is located the 



-outh Boston, Roxbury, Dorchester, ! United States Navy Yard, which, among other 



.-town. Brighton, West Roxbury, and ad- objects of interest, contains the largest rope 



joining territory, giving it in 1900, an area of walk in the country, and an immense dry dock. 



about forty square miles. Old Boston, or Ho- Bo-ton is widely noted for the nunilxr and high 



proper, occupied a peninsula of about TOO character of its educational institution-. 



I, 01 uneven surface, and originally contain- institutions for higher education include Bo-ton 



hree hills, known as Beacon, Oopp, and College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 



. These hiUs raused the early settlers to call Bo-ton Normal School, MaMachuaettfl Normal 



the place Trimoiiniain. since changed to Tre- Art School. Kindergarten Training School, and 



-ton. Charle-town. and Training Schools for Nurses at the Almshouse 



b Bo-ton contain the -lips of the ocean and Hospital. City Hospital. Children'- H<pital. 



Extending about two miles along M a ssachusetts General Hospital. Massachusetts 



the harbor, and separated from Bo-ton proper Homo-opal hie Hospital. NYv i 1 Baptist 



by an arm of it. i- South Bo-ton. containing Hospital. New England Deaconess's Home and 



railroad dock- and ware In- llo-pital. New England llo-pital tor \\omen 



cross Charles- Kiver connect the city and Children. St. Eli/abeth'- Ho-pn.d. Somer- 



\\itli \\n and Cambridge. The harbor ville llo-pital. and \\omen'- Charity Club ! 



p indentation f Ma achu-. pit .'. I'.o-toji \\.i- settled in Hi,'U) by a party 



alter a 



_r about -evenly-live square miles, with of Puritans from Salem. It was named 



arms, and containing manv i-Iand- tow n in Lincolnshire. England, from w hich most 



;he colonists l, ; ,d come. In 1 !:;_' the tirst 

 kl erect-d. and in H:i.". a public 

 chool was built. In the same year, the tir-t 

 graml jury in the country met hen-. A mem 

 orable massacre occurred here in 177O. and in 

 1773, several cargoes of English tea \\er thrown 



picturesque views. Boston 

 p'Ti.-illv IK. ted for it- magnificent park - 



lysteoa i 



Comiii' 'k of eight v four acres in the 



heart of the city: the Public < larden. -eparated 

 from it by Chari* ind cmpn-ing t \\en 



: the B.I' 

 I'ond. Bussey Park, the 'Arnold Arb. 





.rd in the harbor. b\ <it izens 



-ti of taxes. During the early 



Point; and tl, part of the Revolution the British were quar- 



nbankmetf. In the Common i ! in the town. The battle of Bunker Hill 



Monument, erect. -d ne:ii \\.i- t'ouuht on iireed's Hill, \\ithin the present 

 Elm. which Me 17. I77.V \\ ashinc:- 



iblir the British t.. 



\\ as grant great 



a bronze statue ot ratt, a -tatue fire broke out in the business portion of tin 



