GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 



537 



northern, vegetation is met with at 17.500 feet; 

 and villages at 13,000 feet. It is rich in min- 

 erals, and possesses its own distinctive flora and 

 fauna. 



Hong-Kong, or Hiang Klang (The 

 _;ant or Flowing Streams), a small island 

 he southeast coast of China, in the province 

 ^uang-Tong, now belonging to the British. 

 It is situated at the mouth of the estuary, 

 that leads to Canton, from which it is dis- 

 tant south-east seventy-five miles. It is about 

 ten mik -s in length and seven and one-half miles 

 in breadth, and is separated from the mainland 

 by a strait. On the north side of the island, and 

 situated on a magnificent bay is the thriving 

 town of Victoria, where the great bulk of the 

 iation is centered. The town stretches for 

 about four miles along the shore and also ascends 

 the hillside and the faces of the ravines above, 

 generally well-built, with wide streets and 

 handsome terraces, and there is a massive sea 

 wall along the sea front. Hong-Kong is a free 

 and there are no returns of its total trade, 

 hief articles of which consists of cottons and 

 opium as imports, tea and silk as exports. The 

 :nn commerce is chiefly carried on with the 

 I'nited States. Singapore, Japan, Great Britain, 

 Australia, and Germany. Population, 283,905. 

 Honolulu, a city and capital of Hawaii, 

 on the island of Oahu, on Oahu Bay. It is the 

 most important city in the Pacific islands and is 

 an important entrepot for vessels, between the 

 1'nited States and Asiatic countries. The city 

 i> situated amid beautiful tronical funoundingfl 

 and has an equable and healthful climate. 

 Among the chief points of interest are the palace, 

 the government buildings, Roman Catholic 

 cathedral, post-office, and the Bishop Museum. 

 There are numerous churches, public schools, 

 public library, theater, daily and weekly news- 

 papers, telephone and telegraph, banks, electric 

 lights and street railways, and many commercial 

 establishments. Population, 39,306. 



Hoosac Mountain, a part of the Green 

 Mountain range in western Massachusetts 

 through which is pierced the most notable rail- 

 way tunnel in America. The Hoosac tunnel, 

 which has a length of nearly five miles, was 

 commenced in 1851, for the line between Boston 

 Albany, was twice abandoned, and was 

 finally opened in ls7.'>, having cost the State 

 of Massachusetts about $18,000,000. 



Hudson River, or North River. A 

 r of New York, which rises in the hills to 

 the west of Lake Charnplain. and after a south- 

 erly course of upwards of 300 mile-*, tall- into 

 Atlantic Ocean below the city of New York, 

 navigable as far as Troy, 166 miles above 

 York, and is connected by canals \\\\\\ 

 lakes Cham plain ami 



1 1 u ngary, Kingdom of (Magyar, Ors- 



German, Ungarn). A large country of 



tral Europe, formerly having an independent 



nomy. but now forming th- major portion 



'- tor the most 



1 of a large and fertile, and generally w,-ll 

 wooded plain, \\atcred by the Danube an : 

 numerous affluents. To the north and east 

 this plain i-, bounded by the Carpathian M 

 tuns, while on the west it impinges upon tin- 



provinces of Moravia, Styria, and Lower Austria. 

 To the south, the course of the Danube, and its 

 tributary the Save, mark the line of the Turkish 

 frontier. It is rich in mines of the precious 

 metals, iron, copper, and coal. It. besides. 

 has large agricultural wealth, cereals, hemp, 

 tobacco, etc. Its wines, especially that of To- 

 kay, are of excellent quality. The chief manu- 

 factures are cotton, woolen, coarse linen fabrics, 

 glass and earthenware. Chief towns: Buda- 

 pest h (the twin capital), Maria Theresienstadt, 

 Temesvar, Szegedin, Grosswardein, Debreczin, 

 Presburg, Komorn, Gran, and Arad. The 

 inhabitants consist of seven distinct races. M/: 

 the Magyars (Hungarians proper), Slovaks, 

 Croats, Rusniaks, Jews, Germans, and Wallaeh-. 

 The Roman Catholic is the chief form of religion. 

 Huron. One of the five great lakes of 

 North America, about 800 miles in circuit, 

 bounded west and southwest by the State of 

 Michigan; on other sides by Upper Canada, 

 Its surface is 584 feet above the level of the sea; 

 its depth about 1,000 feet. Its waters are 

 remarkable for their clearness and purity. This 

 vast body of water is said to contain 3,000 

 islands, one of them, the Great Manitoulin, or 

 Sacred Island, running parallel to almost the 

 whole of the northern coast, which is one con- 

 tinuous mass of comparatively barren rocks. 



India, or Hindustan.* The greatest of 

 the three great peninsulas which constitute the 

 south of Asia is bounded on the north by the 

 Himalaya Mountains, on the east by Burmah 

 ! and the Bay of Bengal, and on the west by the 

 I Sulieman and Hala Mountains and the Arabian 

 Sea. The surface of the peninsula is highly 

 diversified, but consists mainly of three parts 

 namely, first, the table-land of the Deeean. 

 , in the south, between the Vindhya Hills and 

 Cape Comorin, and flanked on either side by t-lie 

 Eastern and the Western Ghauts; second, a 

 vast lowland plain in the center, embracing the 

 entire basin of the Ganges and the lower basins 

 of the Indus and the Brahmaputra; third, a 

 lofty plateau, in the north, forming the southern 

 margin of eastern high Asia, and t ravers, d by 

 the Himalaya Mountain-, the loftiest mountains 

 on the earth's surface. In the central and 

 southern regions the heat is very great, but the 

 elevated regions in the north enjoy a temperate 

 climate. The year is divided into three seasons 

 the hot. the rainy, and the temperate. The hot 

 season commence- in March, the rainy in .June, 

 and the temperate in October. As almost the 

 whole of India lie- \\ithin the tropic-, the vege- 

 tation, wherever there is a siitlicient amount of 

 moisture, is abundant and luxu: 

 and grain are grown in immense quantities; all 

 iits of the tropics are found in the utmost 



>n; prpprr. spices, and almost 

 kind of garden vegetable, are produced; and the 

 forests are Efent, produeiiu; immen-4> 



quantities of valuable timber. On the other 

 hand, there are large and extensive tr.icts of 

 sandv desert, many parts of the surface are 

 jungle, and the Himalayas arc the abode <>i 

 Many parts of India are still infested with wild 

 animals. The principal . Icutta. 



Bombay, Madras, Lucknow. Delhi. Lahore, and 

 < 'a \vnpore. 



