GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 



541 



east of Paris. It is the great warehouse of the 

 south of France and of Switzerland; principal 

 manufacture, silk stuff's, giving employment 

 directly or indirectly to 100,000 hands.* The 

 cathedral and Church of St. Nizier, the Hotel 

 de Ville (town hall), the finest edifice of the kind 

 in the country, the hospital, the public library, 

 ami the Palais des Beaux Arts, are the most 

 notable among numerous institutions. There 

 are also a university-academy, an imperial vet- 

 erinary school the first founded in the coun- 

 try, ainl Mill the best schools for agriculture, 

 medicine, etc. The two rivers are crossed by 

 nineteen bridges; twelve over the Saone, and 

 seven over the Rhone. The quays, twentv- 

 eight in number, are said to be the most remark- 

 able in Europe. There are several large and 

 important suburbs; several fine squares, of 

 which the Place Bellecour is one of tne largest 



irope. Population, 459,099. 

 Madrid, the capital of Spain and of the 

 province of Madrid, a part of New Castile, situ- 

 ated near the heart of the country, on the left 

 bank of the Manzanares, a sub-affluent of the 

 Tagus, and on a hilly, sandy plateau, 2,200 feet 

 above the sea. One of the handsomest of Eu- 

 ropean cities, it has a very modern aspect, and is 

 partly surrounded by a brick wall twenty feet 

 nigh, and pierced by sixteen gates, the most 

 notable being the Puerta de, Alcala (1,759), a 

 triumphal arch seventy- two feet high at the 

 foot of the Calle de Alcala, a magnificent street 

 that traverses the city from northeast to south- 



The city is girt with fine promenades 

 and stately suburban villas embowered in beau- 

 tiful gardens. 



The great building in Madrid is the Real 

 Palacio, on the west side, between the city and 



r. It i> a Mjuare. 470 feet on each side, 

 and UK) feet high, built (1737-1750) of granite 

 and white marble, inclosing a court 240 feet 

 square, and containing a library of 100,000 

 volumes, an armory of 2,533 specimens, and a 

 numi-matic collection of 150,000 pieces. Ma 

 drid has also about sixty churches, forty-four 

 monasteries, used since 1836 for secular pur- 

 poses, twenty-four nunneries, twenty-four hos- 

 pitals (one with 1..~>UG beds), fourteen barracks, 

 100 elementary schools, several colleges or higher 

 schools, a univer-ity. a medical school a con- 



>ry of music, eight theaters, four public 

 libraries, eight museums, a botanical garden, an 

 observatory, an academy modeled on that of 

 Paris, etc. The royal museum in the 

 contains a gallery of 1,833 pictures, one of the 

 richest collections in the world. 



industries of Madrid are slight. The 

 r. is im|M)rtant, as Madrid is 

 1 the interior provinces. Pop- 



Maffglore (Lake) (m&d-i</ra), or L< 



IAeoDBdenbleexpanaeofwaterin Northern Italy, 

 lying partly within the latter, and partly in- 

 :>s canton of Ticino. 1 

 :iine mil"-, bn-adth from one -half mile 

 mid one 1. above sea- 



v.ith a maximum depth <! 1.1. - 

 .no. and its 

 surface I \\ith chief 



among them being tl roup one 



of which, "Isola Bella," is renowned for its ex- 

 quisite beauty of location and surroundings. 



Malays, a people inhabiting the Malay 

 Peninsula and the Eastern or Malay Archipelago, 

 or collectively Malaysia. They are of Mongolian 

 affinity. This enterprising race has made its 

 way widely over the Pacific islands, reaching as 

 far south as Madagascar, where they exist as the 

 dominant Hova element of the population. 

 This widespread dominion is due to their bold, 

 enterprising, and roving disposition, their place 



I of residence on the peninsula and the larger is- 



I lands being the coast region, whence they have 

 driven the natives into the interior and where 

 they long pursued a piratical career, darting 

 from hidden streams in their well-manned proas 

 on any vessel that approached too near the coast, 

 or more boldly lying in wait in fleets in the open 

 sea, for any expected rich prize. Physically con- 

 sidered, the Malays are of low stature. In vari- 

 ous respects they bear a close resemblance to 

 the Mongolians of Eastern Asia, but differ from 

 them radically in language. Of late years the 

 lessons taught them by European naval vessels 

 have forced the Malays to desist from piracy. 

 Intellectually they seem at a low level, and have 

 never developed a native literature, such civiliza- 

 tion as they possess being due to Arab and Hindu 

 influence. 



i. Mammoth Cave, a cavern near Green 

 River, Edmonson County, Kentucky, about 

 85 miles south-southwest of Louisville. The 



j cave is about 10 miles long, but it requires up- 

 ward of 150 miles of traveling to explore ita 

 multitudinous avenues, chambers, grottoes, 

 rivers, and cataracts. The main cave is 4 miles 

 long, from 40 to 300 feet wide, and rises in 

 height to 125 feet. The most interesting fea- 

 tures of the cave are : The Chief City or Temple. 

 covering an area of about four acres and having 

 a dome of solid rock 120 feet high; the Star 

 Chamber, about 500 feet long by 70 feet wide, 

 with a ceiling 70 feet high, consisting of black 

 gypsum dotted with many white points, which 

 when the chamber is lighted, have all the ap- 

 pearance of stars; Silliman's avenue, 1$ miles 

 long, 20 to 200 feet wide, and 20 to 40 feet high ; 

 Cleveland's Cabinet, an arch :>(> feet wide, 10 feet 

 high and 2 miles long, covered with a variety 

 of formations; the Ma-lstrom Abyss and Bot- 

 tomless Pit, each of which is 20 net wide and 

 about 175 feet deep; and the river Styx, 450 

 long, and crossed by a natural bridge about 

 30 feet high. The cave contains various kinds 



I of animals, and there are also found lizards, 

 crickets, frogs, bats, and dilTerent sorts of ti>h. 



j The latter include the famous eyeless fish, which 



'are white in color. The atmosphere is pure 

 and healthful and there is a tem|>crature through- 

 out the year of about 59. 



Manchester, a city in Lancaster County, 

 England, on the Irwell. an allluent of the V 



>ne miles ea-t of l.ivrrpool. It IS tC 

 renter of the cotton i- M. and 



the principal manufacturing cities in the 

 world. The manulacture of silk ffpods, ' 



waa introduced in 1810, has generally flor. 

 since 1826, prod i; desciiptioa of fabrics 



from the rich brocade to the f1im*\ In 



some cotton factories the process of spinning 



