GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 



545 





tains, then east till it reaches the west boundary 

 of North Dakota and receives the Yellowstone. 

 Here it begins to flow southeast through North 

 and South Dakota, then forms the east bound- 

 ary of Nebraska, separates for a short distance 

 Kansas from Missouri, then strikes east across 

 the latter State, and joins the Mississippi after 

 a course of 2,908 miles. It is navigable 2,500 

 miles from the Mississippi, giving a water-route 

 for commerce into the remote Northwestern 

 States. 



Mitylene (the ancient Lesbos), an island in 

 the Grecian Archipelago, one of the largest of 

 the Sporades, about ten miles from the Asiatic 

 coast. Its chief town, Mitylene, or Castro, is 

 situated on the east side of the island. Lesbos 

 was important in the early history of Greece as 

 the native region of the ^Eolian school of lyric 

 poetry Both Alcaeus and Sappho were natives 

 of the island. It attained great importance 

 likewise, as a naval power, and planted colonies 

 in Mysia and Thrace. The island is mountain- 

 ous and is covered with pine forests. Its area is 

 about 600 square miles, and its population is 

 about 40,000. 



Monaco, a small principality in the south 

 of France, within the department of Alpes Mari- 

 times. The only town, Monaco (of which the 

 principality now mainly consists), is situated on 

 a lofty promontory on the shore of the Mediter- 

 ranean, about nine miles northeast of Nice. It 

 has a fine climate, being sheltered toward the 

 north by the lofty range of the Alps; and its soil 

 is singularly fertile, producing oranges, lemons, 

 and other fruits in abundance. It is notorious, 

 however, for its great gaming establishments of 

 Monte Carlo, from which the prince derives nearly 

 ole of his revenue. Monaco was held by 

 the Genoese family of the Grimaldi from about the 

 close of the Tenth to the close of the Eighteenth 

 Century. In 1848, the communes of Roccabruna 

 and Mentone. which up to that time had belonged 

 to the principality, were annexed to Sardinia, 

 and in 1M11 they were ceded to France, the prince 

 receiving for his remaining interest in them the 

 sum of lour million francs. The area of the still 

 exi-ting principality is' about six square miles, 

 and its population is 13,500. 



Mongols (mBntfgW*). A division of the 

 human race, ranking second in the classification 

 of lilumenbach, and, viewed collectively, the one 

 great nomadic people of the earth. They include 

 besides the Mongols Proper, the Tartars, Chi- 

 nese and Indo-Chinese, the Burmese, Siamese, 

 Japanese, Knquimaux, Samoyedes 1 inns Lapps, 

 Turks, and Magyars. The physical character- 

 iKtics of the tme Mongol is tnua depicted by 1 M- 

 Latham: "The face of the Mongolian is broad 

 and tl it 'I hi . is because the cheek-bones stand 

 out laterally, and the nasal bones are depressed. 

 k -bones, we say, stand <>ut lutt-rnlh/. 

 they are not merely projecting, for this 

 ihi-y miL'ht be without gmnf much breadth 

 to the face, inasmuch as they might stand 

 forward. * * * The .1 



vcs is gre hemselves being 



oblique, and their < anincuUc concealed. The 



'Tin a 1 >u and inn- 



The iris in dark, the 

 yellow. The complexion is tawny, the stature 



low. The ears are large, standing out from 

 the head; the Kps thick and fleshy rather 

 than thin; the teeth somewhat oblique in 

 their insertion, the forehead low and flat, and 

 the hair lank and thin." Under the various des- 

 ignations of Scythians, Huns, Tartars, Turks, 

 the Mongols during centuries were the terror of 

 Eastern Europe, and under Genghis Khan and 

 Tamerlane carried their victorious arms over 

 China, Persia, Siberia, and India. The Mongo- 

 lian family is estimated to number 528,000,000, 

 or about one-half of the human race. 



Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in the 

 Alps, generally spoken of as the highest mountain 

 in Europe, though Elburz, in the mountains of 

 the Caucasus, is 3,000 feet higher. It is situated 

 in the French department 01 Haute Savoie, on 

 the Italian border, and about thirty-eight miles 

 south of the Lake of Geneva. It has an ele- 

 vation above the sea of 15,781 feet. The mount- 

 ain is generally ascended from the village of 

 Chamouni. The summit was first reached by 

 Saussure, and a guide named Balmat, August 2, 

 1787. 



Monte Carlo, in the principality of Mon- 

 aco, is beautifully situated on a sheltered bay 

 and enjoys a delightful climate ; while the sur- 



; rounding scenery is full of charm and variety. 

 The Casino is on a promontory on the east side 

 of the town; besides a fully-supplied reading 

 room, there is an elaborately decorated salle de 



! fetes and widely known salles.de jeu (gaming 

 rooms). High-class music twice daily. Splen- 

 did view from terrace behind the casino. The 

 salles de jeu are open from 11.30 A. M. until 

 11.30 P. M., tickets gratis obtained in the ve<- 

 tibule; inhabitants of principality not adtnit- 



i ted. Trente-et-quarante and roulette are the 

 games played, at the former the minimum stake 



I is twenty francs, the maximum 12,000 francs; 



j at roulette the minimum is five francs, the maxi- 

 mum 6,000 francs. The gardens of the casino 



1 are famous for their beauty. 



Adjoining the casino terrace is the tir aux 

 pigeons, attended by the most expert trap 

 from all parts; the grand prix, competed for in 

 January, is 20,000 franc-. 



Montenegro, an independent principality 

 in Europe, in the northwest of Turkey, hounded 

 by Herzegovina, Albania, the Adriatic, and 

 niatia. Area, about 3,630 square mile- 

 surface is everywhere mountainous, being 

 end by an extension of the Dinaric Alps, 

 rising to the height of 8,850 feet. There are, 

 however, a few beautiful and verdant plains 

 and valleys, in which the soil is t<>l, : 

 fertile. The principal river is the Mora 1 

 M.mit hal' f the Lake of Scutari. 1> 



tal smaller lakes lies within the Mon- 

 tenegrin boundary. The Hiinat- dtliy. 

 Forests of beech . pine. i md other valu- 

 able timber cover many of the mountain ride*, 

 1 ruit-trees of all kinds al>ound. especially in the 

 sheltered valleys, wl almonds 

 and pomegranates ripm. Afrioutam i 

 very rude and inellicient state, though 

 cultivable piece of land is planted with In- 

 dian corn, potatoes, tobacco, i 

 bages, or some other u^-ful plant. Sheep, 

 cattle, and goat* are reared in great num- 



